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Liquid chromatography. Volume 2, Applications /

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Liquid Chromatography: Applications, Third Edition delivers a single source of authoritative information on all aspects of the practice of modern liquid chromatography. The text gives those working in academia and industry the opportunity to learn, refresh, and deepen their understanding of the fiel...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Fanali, Salvatore (Editor), Riekkola, Marja (Editor), Haddad, Paul R. (Editor), Poole, Colin F. (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2023.
Edition:Third edition.
Series:Handbooks in separation science
Subjects:
Liquid chromatography.
Chromatographie en phase liquide.
liquid chromatography.
Liquid chromatography
Cromatografia de líquids.
Electronic books.
Llibres electrònics.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Liquid Chromatography: Applications
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • Chapter 1: Sample preparation for liquid chromatography
  • 1.1. Introduction
  • 1.2. Overview
  • 1.2.1. Objectives of sample preparation for HPLC
  • 1.2.2. Classification of sample preparation techniques
  • 1.2.3. Automation of sample preparation
  • 1.2.3.1. Robotic sample preparation systems
  • 1.2.3.2. Column-switching sample preparation
  • 1.2.4. New sorbents and solvents for sample preparation
  • 1.3. Efficient sample extraction techniques for HPLC
  • 1.3.1. Liquid-phase microextraction
  • 1.3.1.1. DLLME
  • 1.3.1.2. SDME
  • 1.3.1.3. HF-LPME
  • 1.3.2. Solid-phase extraction
  • 1.3.2.1. SPE devices and processing steps
  • 1.3.2.2. On-line column-switching SPE
  • 1.3.2.3. Sorbent selection and coating materials in SPE
  • 1.3.3. Solid-phase microextraction
  • 1.3.4. Fiber SPME
  • 1.3.4.1. Fiber SPME processing steps for HPLC
  • 1.3.4.2. Optimization of fiber SPME methods
  • 1.3.4.3. Fiber coating materials
  • 1.3.5. In-tube SPME
  • 1.3.5.1. In-tube SPME processing systems
  • 1.3.5.2. Optimization of in-tube SPME methods
  • 1.3.5.3. Capillary coating materials
  • 1.3.6. Other microextraction techniques for HPLC
  • 1.3.6.1. Static in-vessel microextraction
  • 1.3.6.2. Dynamic in-flow microextraction
  • 1.4. Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 2: Derivatization in liquid chromatography
  • 2.1. Introduction
  • 2.2. Reagent selection
  • 2.2.1. Reagents for UV-visible detection
  • 2.2.2. Reagents for fluorescence and chemiluminescence detection
  • 2.2.3. Reagents for electrochemical detection
  • 2.2.4. Reagents for mass spectrometric detection
  • 2.2.4.1. Stable isotope-coded derivatizing reagents
  • 2.2.5. Reagents for the formation of diastereomers
  • 2.2.6. Multifunctional reagents for the formation of cyclic derivatives.
  • 2.2.7. Analytical extraction with derivatization
  • 2.3. Post-column reaction detectors
  • 2.3.1. Photoreactors
  • References
  • Chapter 3: Basic principles for the selection of liquid chromatographic modes for specific applications
  • 3.1. Introduction
  • 3.2. Solute properties
  • 3.2.1. Solubility, solvation, solvent-solvent, and analyte-solvent interactions
  • 3.2.2. Charge
  • 3.2.3. Lipophilicity and polarity
  • 3.3. Solvation of stationary phases
  • 3.4. Thermodynamics of solute-sorbent interaction
  • 3.5. LC modes for low-molecular substances
  • 3.5.1. Small inorganic and organic ions
  • 3.5.1.1. Ion-exchange chromatography (IEX)
  • 3.5.1.2. Ion-exclusion chromatography (IEC)
  • 3.5.2. Organic molecules
  • 3.5.2.1. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)
  • 3.5.2.2. Ion-pair RPLC
  • 3.5.2.3. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)
  • 3.5.2.4. Ion-exchange (IEX) and mixed-mode chromatography (MMC)
  • 3.5.2.5. Other chromatographic modes (NPLC, POLC/NA-HILIC, NARP, Ag-LC, SFC)
  • 3.5.2.6. Enantioselective LC
  • 3.6. LC modes for intermediate-sized (oligomeric) molecules
  • 3.6.1. Glycans
  • 3.6.1.1. Reversed-phase LC
  • 3.6.1.2. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography
  • 3.6.1.3. Porous graphitic carbon (PGC) and mesoporous graphitic carbon (MGC)
  • 3.6.2. Peptides
  • 3.6.2.1. Reversed-phase LC
  • 3.6.2.2. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography
  • 3.6.2.3. Electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (ERLIC)
  • 3.6.2.4. Ion-exchange and mixed-mode chromatography
  • 3.6.2.5. Peptide separations with chiral columns
  • 3.6.3. Oligonucleotides
  • 3.6.3.1. Ion-pair reversed-phase LC (IP-RPLC)
  • 3.6.3.2. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)
  • 3.6.3.3. Anion-exchange (AEX) and mixed-mode chromatography (MMC)
  • 3.7. LC modes for macromolecules
  • 3.7.1. Synthetic polymers.
  • 3.7.1.1. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC)
  • 3.7.1.2. Interactive polymer LC
  • 3.7.1.3. LC under critical conditions
  • 3.7.2. Polysaccharides
  • 3.7.3. Proteins
  • 3.7.3.1. Protein LC under denaturing conditions
  • (Ion-pair) reversed-phase LC
  • Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)
  • 3.7.3.2. Protein LC under non-denaturing conditions
  • Ion-exchange (IEX)
  • Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC)
  • Size exclusion chromatography (SEC)
  • 3.7.4. Nucleic acids
  • 3.7.4.1. mRNA
  • 3.7.4.2. Single-guide RNA (sgRNA)
  • 3.7.4.3. DNA
  • 3.7.4.4. pDNA
  • 3.8. Outlook and concluding remarks
  • References
  • Chapter 4: Amino acid and bioamine separations
  • 4.1. Introduction
  • 4.2. Direct separation of amino acids
  • 4.2.1. Postcolumn colorimetric and fluorescence derivatization of amino acids
  • 4.2.2. ESI-MS/MS determination of underivatized amino acids
  • 4.3. Indirect separation of amino acids
  • 4.3.1. Derivatization with UV-Vis reagents
  • 4.3.2. Derivatization with fluorescent reagents
  • 4.3.3. Derivatization for mass spectrometric detection
  • 4.4. Enantioselective liquid chromatographic analysis of amino acids
  • 4.4.1. Chiral derivatization reagents for amino acid enantiomers
  • 4.4.2. Chiral stationary phases for amino acid enantiomers
  • 4.4.3. Multi-dimensional liquid chromatographic analysis of amino acid enantiomers
  • 4.5. Direct separation of biogenic amines
  • 4.6. Indirect separation of biogenic amines
  • 4.7. Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 5: Separation of lipids
  • 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.2. Lipid classification and properties
  • 5.3. Lipid structures
  • 5.3.1. Fatty acids
  • 5.3.2. Glycerolipids
  • 5.3.3. Glycerophospholipids
  • 5.3.4. Sphingolipids
  • 5.3.5. Sterol lipids
  • 5.3.6. Prenol lipids
  • 5.3.7. Saccharolipids
  • 5.3.8. Polyketides
  • 5.4. Sample preparation for lipid analysis.
  • 5.4.1. Sampling and sample treatment
  • 5.4.2. Soxhlet extraction
  • 5.4.3. Method of Folch, Lees, and Stanley
  • 5.4.4. Method of Bligh and Dyer
  • 5.4.5. Accelerated solvent extraction
  • 5.4.6. Green extraction methods
  • 5.4.6.1. Supercritical fluid extraction
  • 5.4.6.2. Microwave-assisted extraction
  • 5.4.6.3. Ultrasound-assisted extraction
  • 5.4.6.4. Solid phase extraction
  • 5.5. Lipid analysis by liquid chromatography
  • 5.5.1. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
  • 5.5.1.1. High-performance and two-dimensional TLC
  • 5.5.1.2. Detection and quantification in TLC
  • 5.5.2. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
  • 5.5.2.1. Normal-phase liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC)
  • 5.5.2.2. Silver-ion liquid chromatography (Ag-HPLC)
  • 5.5.2.3. Non-aqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatography (NARP-HPLC)
  • 5.5.2.4. Other HPLC techniques
  • 5.5.3. HPLC-MS techniques
  • 5.5.4. Multidimensional liquid chromatography
  • 5.6. Concluding remarks
  • References
  • Chapter 6: Hyphenated liquid chromatography techniques in analysis of neurotransmitters and their metabolites
  • 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.1.1. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) and 2D-LC tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
  • 6.1.2. Liquid chromatography-electrospray MS/MS
  • 6.1.3. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography
  • 6.1.4. HILIC in NTs and metabolites analysis
  • 6.1.5. Gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in NTs measurements
  • 6.1.6. Microchip liquid chromatography
  • 6.1.7. Other microchip approaches in NTs analysis: Microchip electrophoresis (MCE)
  • 6.2. Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 7: Analysis of natural toxins by liquid chromatography
  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. Mycotoxins
  • 7.3. Lipophilic marine toxins
  • 7.4. Cyanotoxins
  • 7.5. Tetrodotoxin
  • 7.6. Saxitoxin and analogs
  • Acknowledgments
  • References.
  • Chapter 8: Current LC methods for the separation and analysis of peptides and proteins
  • 8.1. Introduction
  • 8.2. Key modes of separation
  • 8.3. Size-exclusion chromatography
  • 8.4. Ion exchange chromatography
  • 8.5. Reversed phase chromatography and its application to proteomics
  • 8.6. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography
  • 8.7. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography
  • 8.8. Multimodal chromatography
  • 8.9. Affinity chromatography
  • 8.10. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)
  • 8.11. Capillary liquid chromatography and nano-liquid chromatography
  • 8.12. Chip-liquid chromatography
  • 8.13. Monolithic columns
  • 8.14. Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 9: Liquid chromatography in proteomics research
  • 9.1. Introduction
  • 9.2. Liquid chromatographic techniques in proteomics analysis
  • 9.2.1. Nano-LC
  • 9.2.2. Micro-LC
  • 9.2.3. Regular-LC
  • 9.2.4. Stationary phases
  • 9.2.5. Mobile phases
  • 9.3. Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 10: Analysis of oligonucleotides by liquid chromatography
  • 10.1. Introduction
  • 10.1.1. Production
  • 10.1.2. Oligonucleotide types
  • 10.2. Liquid chromatography
  • 10.2.1. Ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid chromatography (IPRP)
  • 10.2.1.1. Separation mechanisms
  • 10.2.1.2. Physicochemical properties of RP columns
  • 10.2.1.3. Mobile-phase additives
  • 10.2.1.4. Applications: Single-stranded oligonucleotides
  • 10.2.1.5. Applications: Double-stranded oligonucleotides
  • 10.2.2. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography
  • 10.2.2.1. Separation mechanisms
  • 10.2.2.2. Physicochemical properties of HILIC columns
  • 10.2.2.3. Mobile-phase additives
  • 10.2.2.4. Applications
  • 10.2.3. Alternative LC modes
  • 10.2.3.1. Anion exchange (AEX) chromatography
  • 10.2.3.2. Mixed Mode Chromatography (MMC)
  • 10.2.3.3. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC)
  • 10.2.4. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC).