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Valorization of biomass to bioproducts. Organic acids and biofuels /

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Valorization of Biomass to Bioproducts: Organic Acids and Biofuels focuses on recent technological developments and related challenges surrounding the bioprocessing of biomass for important organic acids and biofuels (waste to energy) for industrial applications. Chapters present information on biom...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Gupta, Vijai Kumar
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Oxford, United Kingdom ; Cambridge MA : Elsevier, [2023]
Subjects:
Organic acids > Biotechnology.
Biochemistry.
Biomass.
Biochimie.
Biomasse.
Acides organiques > Biotechnologie.
biochemistry.
Biochemistry
Biomass
Conversió de la biomassa.
Energia de la biomassa.
Productes biològics.
Electronic books.
Llibres electrònics.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Valorization of Biomass to Bioproducts: Organic Acids and Biofuels
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • Section 1: Organic acids
  • Chapter 1: Propionic acid chemistry and production
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Physicochemical properties
  • 3. Chemical production of PA
  • 4. Microbial production of PA
  • 5. Fermentative producing pathways of PA
  • 5.1. Propanediol pathway
  • 5.2. Succinate pathway
  • 5.3. Acrylate pathway
  • 6. Biotechnological methods of PA production
  • 6.1. Genetic and metabolic engineering for propionic acid production
  • 6.2. Co-culture
  • 6.3. Biocatalyst immobilization and bioreactor design
  • 7. Industrial applications of propionic acid
  • 7.1. Herbicides (for the synthesis of sodium 2, 2-dichloropropionate)
  • 7.2. Chemical intermediate
  • 7.3. Preservative and safe food additive
  • 7.4. Animal feed and grain
  • References
  • Chapter 2: Alpha linolenic acid
  • 1. Audience
  • 2. Introduction
  • 3. Techniques adopted for extraction of ALA from bio-wastes
  • 3.1. Molecular distillation
  • 3.2. Low-temperature crystallization
  • 3.3. Column chromatography
  • 3.4. Silver ion complexation
  • 3.5. Urea inclusion
  • 3.6. Supercritical fluid extraction
  • 3.7. Ultrasound based extraction using a solvent
  • 3.8. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids having silver tetrafluoroborate extraction
  • 4. Extraction of ALA from potential bio-wastes
  • 4.1. Extraction of ALA from conventional sources
  • 4.1.1. Mango seed kernel
  • 4.1.2. Tomato peel
  • 4.1.3. Moth bean biomass
  • 4.1.4. Olive leaves
  • 4.1.5. Bilberry seed
  • 4.1.6. Salmo salar fish waste
  • 5. Unconventional sources for extraction of ALA
  • 5.1. Silkworm pupal oil
  • 5.2. Microalgae
  • 5.3. Crude tall oil
  • 5.4. Molasses as medium for production of biomass with fatty acid
  • 6. Conclusion and future prospective
  • References
  • Chapter 3: Citric acid.
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Biochemistry of citric acid formation
  • 3. Production of citric acid
  • 3.1. Filamentous fungi
  • 3.2. Yeast
  • 3.3. Bacteria
  • 4. Citric acid fermentation methods
  • 4.1. Surface fermentation
  • 4.2. Submerged fermentation
  • 4.3. Solid-state fermentation
  • 5. Recovery and purification of citric acid
  • 5.1. Precipitation
  • 5.2. Solvent extraction
  • 5.3. Ion exchange
  • 6. Factors affecting citric acid production
  • 6.1. Carbon source
  • 6.2. Nitrogen and phosphorous sources
  • 6.3. Trace elements
  • 6.4. Lower alcohols
  • 6.5. Other factors
  • 6.6. pH of culture medium
  • 6.7. Aeration
  • 7. Applications of citric acid
  • 8. Citric acid global market scenario
  • 9. Concluding remarks and future directions
  • References
  • Chapter 4: Applications of itaconic acid in biofuel production
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Physicochemical properties
  • 3. Historical background
  • 4. Biochemical pathways of IA production
  • 5. IA biosynthesis and recombinant microorganisms
  • 6. IA producing microorganisms and fermentation
  • 6.1. Fermentation of IA by A. terreus on different substrates
  • 6.2. Fermentation of IA process requirements
  • 7. Industrial applications of IA
  • 7.1. Polymeric hydrogels and nanohydrogels applications
  • 7.2. Other applications
  • References
  • Chapter 5: Lactic acid
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Biomass feedstocks
  • 3. Enzymatic saccharification of biomass
  • 4. Microbial fermentation
  • 4.1. Batch fermentation
  • 4.2. Fed-batch fermentation
  • 4.3. Repeated fermentation
  • 4.4. Conventional continuous fermentation
  • 4.5. Fermentation using different substrate
  • 5. Product recovery
  • 5.1. Separation and purification of LA
  • 5.2. Purification with the downstream process
  • 6. Technical challenges in LA production
  • 7. Process advancements
  • 8. Conclusions
  • References.
  • 6. Gene-modified microbial strains for pyruvic acid production-Genetic engineering
  • 7. Other biological methods
  • 8. Pyruvate recovery from fermentation processes
  • 9. Conclusions
  • References
  • Section 2: Biofuels and bio-oil
  • Chapter 8: Microbial production of hydrocarbon and its derivatives using different kinds of microorganisms
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Genetically modified microbes used for the production of alkane/alkene derivatives
  • 2.1. Fatty aldehydes decarbonylation
  • 3. Using the Fatty acid carboxy-lyases metabolic pathway
  • 4. Production of hydrocarbon and its derivatives using different microbes
  • 5. Metabolic Pathway of polyketide synthase and fatty acids
  • 6. Hydrocarbon derivatives titer, rate, and yield
  • 7. Toxicity of the biosynthetic pathway
  • 8. Future scope of the study
  • 9. Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 9: Biomass valorization to biobutanol
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Generations of feedstock
  • 1.1.1. First-generation biofuels
  • 1.1.2. Second-generation biofuels
  • 1.1.3. Third-generation biofuels
  • 1.1.4. Fourth-generation biofuels
  • 2. History of biobutanol
  • 3. Global energy scenarios
  • 4. Lignocellulosic biomass
  • 4.1. Cellulose
  • 4.2. Hemicelluloses and acetyl groups
  • 4.3. Lignin
  • 4.4. Non-lignocellulosic biomass
  • 5. Biomass pre-treatment
  • 5.1. Physical pre-treatment
  • 5.1.1. Milling
  • 5.1.2. Microwave-assisted size reduction
  • 5.1.3. Ultrasonication
  • 5.2. Chemical pre-treatment
  • 5.2.1. Ozone pre-treatment
  • 5.2.2. Hot water treatment
  • 5.2.3. Organosolvent process
  • 5.3. Biological pre-treatments
  • 5.3.1. Detoxification
  • 6. Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation
  • 6.1. Substrates and biomass for ABE fermentation
  • 6.2. Phases of ABE fermentation
  • 7. Physiochemical properties of biobutanol
  • 7.1. Striking features of biobutanol in contrast to ethanol.
  • 8. In-situ product recovery in ABE fermentation
  • 8.1. Distillation
  • 8.2. Gas stripping
  • 8.3. Liquid-liquid extraction
  • 8.4. Membrane reactor
  • 8.5. Perstraction
  • 8.6. Pervaporation
  • 8.7. Adsorption
  • 8.8. Reverse osmosis
  • 8.9. Genetic improvement
  • 8.10. Green method (ionic liquid)
  • 9. Applications of biobutanol
  • 10. Conclusions and future trends
  • References
  • Chapter 10: Bioethanol-A promising alternative fuel for sustainable future
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Biofuels and its generations
  • 1.2. Processing technologies
  • 1.2.1. Preparation of feedstock
  • 1.2.2. Pre-treatments methods
  • 1.2.3. Saccharification and hydrolysis
  • 1.2.4. Fermentation and bioethanol production
  • 2. Various biomass sources of bioethanol
  • 2.1. Bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass/cellulose
  • 2.2. Bioethanol production from starch and sugar
  • 2.3. Bioethanol production from microalgal biomass
  • 3. Environmental impact
  • 4. Advantages and disadvantages of bioethanol
  • 5. Statistical analysis of bioethanol production in various countries
  • 6. Conclusion and future prospectives
  • References
  • Chapter 11: Hydrogen production from biomass gasification with carbon capture and storage
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Prospects of hydrogen
  • 1.2. Hydrogen market
  • 2. Production process
  • 2.1. Steam reforming of hydrocarbons
  • 2.2. Electrolysis of water
  • 2.3. Biomass to hydrogen
  • 3. Biomass to hydrogen production technology
  • 3.1. Pyrolysis
  • 3.2. Gasification
  • 3.3. Type of gasifier reactors
  • 3.3.1. Moving/fixed-bed gasifiers
  • Updraft gasifier
  • Downdraft gasifier
  • Cross-draft gasifier
  • 3.3.2. Fluidized-bed gasifier
  • 3.3.3. Entrained flow gasifier
  • 4. Product gas cleaning
  • 5. Biomass to hydrogen with carbon capture and storage technologies
  • 5.1. Carbon capture technologies
  • 5.1.1. Post-combustion capture.