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Advanced Microbial Techniques in Agriculture, Environment, and Health Management
Advanced Microbial Techniques in Agriculture, Environment, and Health Management provides current perspectives on the fields of agriculture, the environment and health. This important reference presents recent advancements in applied microbial technology, compiling it in a comprehensive manner and transferring applied microbial technology from laboratory conditions to field level. In 20 chapters, the book focuses on microbial interventions for all-inclusive, cost-effective environmental management tactics while also linking the cumulative microbial services involved in the up-gradation of agriculture, environment and health. In addition, the book offers detailed information on emerging environmental issues and proposes ways of controlling their consequences using different approaches to treatment.
Front Cover -- Advanced Microbial Techniques in Agriculture, Environment, and Health Management -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- 1 Beneficial microbes for sustainable agroecosystem -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Beneficial microbes in agriculture -- 1.3 Beneficial microbes: a key element for sustainable agricultural system -- 1.4 Rhizosphere: a hot spot of beneficial microbes -- 1.4.1 Beneficial microbes -- 1.4.1.1 Plant growth promoting bacteria -- 1.4.1.2 Mycorrhizal fungi -- 1.4.1.3 Actinomycetes -- 1.4.2 Nutrient management by beneficial microbes -- 1.4.2.1 Role of beneficial microbes in phosphorus solubilization -- 1.4.2.2 Role of beneficial microbes in potassium solubilization and mobilization -- 1.4.3 Role of beneficial microbes in production of plant growth regulators -- 1.4.4 Beneficial microorganisms as biofertilizers and biopesticides -- 1.4.5 Role of beneficial microbes in abiotic stress -- 1.4.6 Role of beneficial microbes as a biocontrol agent -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Strategies and implications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in sustainable agriculture -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and plant interaction -- 2.3 Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: mechanisms of action -- 2.3.1 Biological nitrogen fixation -- 2.3.2 Phosphorous solubilization -- 2.3.3 Zinc solubilizing bacteria -- 2.3.4 ACC deaminase production -- 2.3.5 Phytohormone production -- 2.3.6 Siderophore production for iron acquisition -- 2.3.7 Antibiotic production -- 2.3.8 Biosurfactant production -- 2.4 Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in abiotic stress remediation -- 2.5 Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in biotic stress remediation -- 2.6 Induced systemic resistance -- 2.7 Commercialization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria-based bioproducts -- 2.8 Conclusion and future prospects.
Acknowledgment -- References -- 3 Role of quorum sensing in plant-microbe interactions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Quorum sensing in rhizobacterial community colonization -- 3.3 Quorum sensing and plant disease protection -- 3.4 Quorum sensing in nitrogen-fixing rhizobia -- 3.5 Quorum sensing in rhizosphere engineering -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Microbial services for mitigation of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Different types of stresses -- 4.2.1 Abiotic stress -- 4.2.2 Biotic stress -- 4.3 Microbial resources for alleviation of stress in plant -- 4.3.1 Bacterial-assisted drought mitigation in plants -- 4.3.2 Bacterial-assisted salinity mitigation in plant -- 4.3.3 Bacterial-assisted heavy metal stress mitigation -- 4.3.4 Bacterial-assisted cold stress mitigation -- 4.3.5 Bacterial-assisted biotic stress mitigation -- 4.4 Microbial effects on crop productivity under stress conditions -- 4.5 Agricultural application of stress-tolerant microorganisms -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Prospects of biotechnology for productive and sustainable agro-environmental growth -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Genetic engineering and sustainable agriculture -- 5.3 Role of microorganisms in agriculture -- 5.3.1 Biofertilizers in agroecosystem -- 5.3.2 Biopesticides, biofungicides, and bioinsecticides in agroecosystem -- 5.3.3 Plant-microbial interaction: mycorrhiza and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria -- 5.4 Nanotechnology in agriculture -- 5.4.1 Nanofertilizers -- 5.4.2 Nanopesticides -- 5.4.3 Nanotechnology for improved soil quality -- 5.4.4 Nanotechnology in food industry -- 5.5 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 6 Biofertilizers: a microbial-assisted strategy to improve plant growth and soil health -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 What is a biofertilizer? -- 6.3 Need for biofertilizers at higher altitudes.
6.4 Preparation of biofertilizer: steps and standards -- 6.5 Types of bioformulations -- 6.5.1 Solid bioformulation -- 6.5.1.1 Dried powder (dust) -- 6.5.1.2 Granules -- 6.5.1.3 Wettable powders -- 6.5.1.4 Wettable/water-dispersible granules -- 6.5.2 Liquid bioformulation -- 6.5.3 Encapsulated bioformulations -- 6.6 Types of biofertilizers -- 6.6.1 Nitrogen-fixing biofertilizers -- 6.6.1.1 Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing biofertilizers -- 6.6.1.2 Free-living nitrogen-fixing biofertilizers -- 6.6.1.3 Associative symbiotic nitrogen-fixing biofertilizers -- 6.6.2 Phosphate solubilizing biofertilizers -- 6.6.3 Phosphate-mobilizing biofertilizers -- 6.6.4 Potassium-solubilizing biofertilizers -- 6.6.5 Iron-solubilizing biofertilizers -- 6.6.6 Zinc-solubilizing biofertilizer -- 6.7 Mode of biofertilizer application -- 6.7.1 Foliar application -- 6.7.2 Seed treatment -- 6.7.3 Soil treatment -- 6.8 Challenges of biofertilizer commercialization -- 6.8.1 Biological constraints -- 6.8.2 Technical constraints -- 6.8.3 Regulatory constraints -- 6.8.4 Marketing constraints -- 6.8.5 Field-level constraints -- 6.8.6 Biofertilizer carrier -- 6.9 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 7 Biocontrol: an efficient solution for sustainable agriculture and food production -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Biological control: types -- 7.2.1 Types of biocontrol strategies -- 7.2.1.1 Classical biological control -- 7.2.1.2 Augmentation control -- 7.2.1.3 Seasonal biological control: type of augmentation -- 7.2.1.4 Conservative biological control -- 7.3 Biocontrol and biofertilization with microorganisms for sustainable agriculture -- 7.3.1 Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria -- 7.3.2 Rhizobia -- 7.3.3 Endophytic fungi -- 7.3.4 Mycorrhizal fungi -- 7.3.5 Rhizospheric fungi -- 7.3.6 Bacterial endosymbionts and endophytes -- 7.3.7 Microbes of various environments.
7.3.8 Viruses: biological control agents -- 7.4 Examples of biocontrol agents used in agriculture -- 7.4.1 Biocontrol of sugarcane Pyrilla -- 7.4.2 Biocontrol of cotton bollworm -- 7.4.3 Biocontrol of water hyacinth -- 7.4.4 Biocontrol of woolly apple aphid -- 7.4.5 Biocontrol of white woolly aphid -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Impact of environmental pollutants on agriculture and food system -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Metals and metalloids -- 8.1.2 Electronic waste -- 8.1.3 Plastics -- 8.1.4 Nanoparticles -- 8.1.5 Radioactivity/nuclear reactors -- 8.1.6 Pharmaceuticals and personal care products -- 8.1.7 Sewage wastewater and sludge -- 8.1.8 Particulate matter -- 8.1.9 Dyes from textile industries -- 8.2 Remediation for removal of chemical contaminants -- 8.3 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Hazardous waste: impact and disposal strategies -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Classification of hazardous wastes -- 9.3 Impact of hazardous waste -- 9.3.1 Environment -- 9.3.2 Humans -- 9.3.2.1 Health consequences of exposure to hazardous chemicals -- 9.4 Methods for identification and monitoring of hazardous waste -- 9.4.1 Identification of hazardous waste: Indian scenario -- 9.5 Strategies for hazardous waste management -- 9.5.1 Physical strategies -- 9.5.1.1 Incineration -- 9.5.1.2 Landfilling -- 9.5.1.3 Solidification/stabilization -- 9.5.1.4 Deep-well injection -- 9.5.1.5 Encapsulation -- 9.5.1.6 Inertization -- 9.5.1.7 Autoclaving -- 9.5.1.8 Microwave irradiation -- 9.5.2 Chemical strategies -- 9.5.2.1 Chemical disinfection -- 9.5.2.2 Chemical degradation -- 9.5.3 Biological strategies -- 9.5.3.1 Land treatment -- 9.5.3.2 Enzymatic system -- 9.5.3.3 Bioremediation -- 9.5.3.3.1 Aerobic methods -- 9.5.3.3.2 Anaerobic methods -- 9.5.4 Modern hybrid technology -- 9.6 Impact of mismanagement: illegal trafficking and poor transportation facility.
9.6.1 Hazardous waste transportation -- 9.6.2 Illegal trafficking -- 9.7 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Bioremediation of heavy metals by soil-dwelling microbes: an environment survival approach -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Sources of heavy metals -- 10.2.1 Industrial source of heavy metals -- 10.2.2 Natural source of heavy metals -- 10.2.3 Agricultural source of heavy metal -- 10.2.4 Domestic sources -- 10.2.5 Other sources of heavy metal effluence -- 10.3 Consequences of heavy metal toxicity on human and plant health -- 10.4 Techniques for heavy metal removal -- 10.4.1 Physical methods -- 10.4.2 Chemical remediation -- 10.4.3 Phytoremediation -- 10.4.3.1 Phytoextraction -- 10.4.3.2 Phytovolatilization -- 10.4.3.3 Phytostabilization -- 10.4.3.4 Rhizofiltration -- 10.4.3.5 Rhizodegradation -- 10.4.4 Microbial remediation of heavy metals -- 10.4.4.1 Remediation by adsorption -- 10.4.4.2 Remediation by biosorption -- 10.4.4.3 Remediation by bioleaching -- 10.4.4.4 Remediation by redox state change -- 10.5 Genes involved in determining resistance against different heavy metals in bacteria -- 10.5.1 Resistance to antimony and arsenic -- 10.5.2 Resistance to mercury -- 10.5.3 Resistance to nickel and cobalt -- 10.5.4 Resistance to copper -- 10.5.5 Resistance to cadmium -- 10.5.6 Resistance to zinc -- 10.6 Factors affecting microbial remediation -- 10.6.1 pH -- 10.6.2 Ambient temperature -- 10.6.3 Substrate species -- 10.6.4 Substrate concentration -- 10.6.5 Condition of soil milieu -- 10.6.6 Bioavailability of pollutants and biosurfactants -- 10.7 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 11 Omics approaches to pesticide biodegradation for sustainable environment -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Biodegradation -- 11.3 Parameters affecting biodegradation of pesticides -- 11.3.1 Pesticide structure -- 11.3.2 Pesticide concentration.
edited by Satish Chandra Pandey, Veni Pande, Diksha Sati, Mukesh Samant.
ADVANCED MICROBIAL TECHNIQUES IN AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH