Understanding soils of mountainous landscapes : sustainable use of soil ecosystem services and management /

Understanding Soils of Mountainous Landscapes: Sustainable Use of Soil Ecosystem Services and Management focuses on the patterns and processes of mountainous soils, including threats due to the fragile nature of mountain ecosystems, and the conservation and management of soil ecosystem services and...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors:	Bhadouria, Rahul, 1982- (Editor), Singh, Shipra (Editor), Tripathi, Sachchidanand (Editor), Singh, Pardeep (Environmental engineer) (Editor)
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2023.
Subjects:	Mountain soils. Sols de montagne. Mountain soils Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Front Cover
Understanding Soils of Mountainous Landscapes
Copyright Page
Contents
List of contributors
About the editors
Foreword
Preface
1 Soils of mountainous landscapes: introduction
1 Mountain soils and climate change: importance, threats and mitigation measures
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Importance of mountain soils
1.3 Variation in soil properties in the mountain regions
1.3.1 Effect of elevation and slope
1.3.2 Effect of soil type/order
1.4 Threats and challenges to the mountain soils
1.4.1 Climate change and extreme weather events
1.4.2 Soil degradation
1.4.3 Soil erosion
1.5 Mitigation measures for the protection of mountain soils
1.6 Conclusion and future prospects
References
2 Threats to mountainous soils: conservation and management strategies
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Mountainous soil
2.3 Major threats to mountainous soils
2.3.1 Decreasing fertility
2.3.2 Soil erosion
2.3.2.1 Wind erosion
2.3.2.2 Sheet erosion
2.3.2.3 Rill erosion
2.3.2.4 Gully erosion
2.3.2.5 Glacial erosion
2.3.2.6 Snow erosion
2.3.3 Deforestation
2.3.4 Overgrazing
2.3.5 Mismanagement of cultivated lands
2.3.6 Blindly infrastructural development
2.3.7 Tourism
2.3.8 Soil pollution
2.3.9 Climate change
2.4 Conservation and management of mountainous soils
2.4.1 Checking soil erosion
2.4.2 Plantation
2.4.3 Pastoralism
2.4.4 Contouring
2.4.5 Terracing
2.4.6 Use of crop rotation and selection of suitable crops
2.4.7 Use of cover crops
2.4.8 Sustainable and organic mixed farming
2.4.9 Water management
2.4.10 Controlling soil pollution
2.4.11 Climate change and mountainous soils
2.4.12 Awareness
2.5 Conclusion
References
Further reading
2 Soil microbial processes and nutrient dynamics.
3 Integrated remedial and management strategies for sustaining mountainous soil
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Threats to mountainous soil
3.2.1 Natural disasters
3.2.2 Climate change
3.2.3 Anthropogenic threats
3.3 Management strategies for conservation of mountainous soil
3.3.1 Contouring
3.3.2 Terracing
3.3.3 Enhancement of biodiversity
3.3.4 Enhancement of soil resilience
3.3.5 Assessment of soil erosion hazards
3.3.6 Development of soil erosion models
3.3.6.1 Universal soil loss equation
3.3.6.2 Revised universal soil loss equation
3.3.6.3 Modified universal soil loss equation
3.3.6.4 Water erosion prediction project model
3.4 Conclusion
Conflict of interest
References
4 Microbial perspectives for the agricultural soil health management in mountain forests under climatic stress
4.1 Introduction: Indian mountain forests and agriculture
4.2 Impacts of climate change on agro-diversity in mountain forests
4.3 Importance of agriculture in mountain and hill forests
4.3.1 Mountain forests and the interlinked agro-diversity
4.3.2 Agricultural production system and traditional agricultural practices by forest farmers
4.3.2.1 Utilization of wild crops and landraces
4.3.2.2 Insect and pest management
4.3.2.3 Guarding crop fields from wild animals
4.3.2.4 Organic manures
4.3.2.5 Intercropping and crop rotation
4.3.2.6 Traditional storage techniques
4.4 Sustenance of soil health by forest agriculture system
4.4.1 Healthy soil and microorganisms
4.4.2 Wild crops, landraces and associated microbial diversity
4.4.3 Importance of macrofungi in nutrient enrichment of mountain soil
4.4.4 Significance of natural water streams, rivers, and rain wash in mountain agriculture
4.5 Threats to mountain forest agriculture.
4.6 Microbial potential for soil health restoration
4.6.1 Organic agriculture and the wide microbial diversity
4.6.2 Biofertilizers in organic agriculture in hill forests
4.6.2.1 Nitrogen fixers Rhizobium
4.6.2.2 Azospirillum
4.6.2.3 Azotobacter
4.6.2.4 Blue Green Algae (Cyanobacteria) and Azolla
4.6.2.5 Phosphate solubilizers
4.6.2.6 Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM)
4.6.3 Microbial biopesticides
a better choice for mountain agriculture
4.6.3.1 Bacterial inoculants
4.6.3.2 Fungal inoculants
4.6.3.3 Baculoviruses inoculants
4.6.3.4 Nematode inoculants
4.6.4 Microbial supplements derived from composting for mountain soil
4.6.4.1 Biological functions of compost for enrichment of soil
4.6.5 Farm yard manure
4.7 Microbial prospective for agricultural practices for hill forests
4.8 Conclusion: community participation with legal back up
References
5 Soil biological processes of mountainous landscapes: a holistic view
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Environment of mountain ecosystem
5.2.1 Mountain ecosystems and factors changing with elevation
5.2.2 Geographical controls of mountain climate
5.3 Soil biological processes of mountainous zone
5.3.1 Characteristics of mountainous soil
5.3.2 Soil formation in mountains
5.4 Microbial diversity and growth dynamics in mountains
5.4.1 Microbial function in mountainous soil
5.4.2 Significance of soil microbial community dynamics in nutrient cycling in high mountain environment
5.5 Response of soil microbes to changing mountain environment
5.6 The impact of climate change on microbes and carbon and nitrogen cycle of mountains
5.7 Mechanism responsible for changes in mountain biological community
5.8 Changing function of microbial diversity with effect of contemporary environment.
5.8.1 Nutrient limitations, mountain conditions, and decomposers
5.8.2 Nitrogen cycling and microbial function
5.8.3 Climate change and microbe traits variation
5.9 Techniques for identification of soil microbes at different mountain environment
5.9.1 Calorimetric and microscopic based techniques
5.9.2 Clone library method
5.9.3 Polymerase chain reaction techniques
5.9.3.1 Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
5.9.3.2 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP)
5.9.3.3 Real time quantitative PCR
5.9.4 Hybridization techniques
5.9.4.1 Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
5.9.4.2 Membrane and solution hybridization
5.9.5 Next generation sequencing
5.10 Conclusions and future perspectives
References
6 Soil nutrient dynamics under selected tree species explains the soil fertility and restoration potential in a semi-arid f...
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Materials and methods
6.2.1 Study area
6.2.2 Basis of tree species selection
6.2.3 Soil sampling
6.2.4 Total carbon and soil nutrients
6.2.5 Statistical analysis
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Soil nutrients under different tree species across various seasons
6.3.2 Correlation analysis
6.4 Discussion
6.5 Conclusion
References
7 Soil nutrient dynamics under mountainous landscape: issues and challenges
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Nutrient availability
7.3 Soil analysis
7.4 Foliar analysis
7.5 Role of nitrogen and phosphorous
7.5.1 Nitrogen
7.6 Nitrogen availability indices
7.7 Phosphorus
7.8 Presence of extractable phosphorus in forest soils
7.9 Indices of phosphorus availability
7.10 Nutrient demands with respect to stand age
7.11 Crown closure (before)
7.12 Crown closure (after)
7.13 Nutrient cycling
7.14 Nutrient addition in the forest.
7.15 Nutrient input from atmospheric sources
7.16 Nutrients returned through throughfall and stemflow
7.17 Retranslocation of nutrients within trees
7.18 Nutrient recycling at higher elevation
7.19 Litterfall
7.20 Nutrient supply to the trees
7.21 Leaching
7.22 Additional factors
7.22.1 Mycorrhiza
7.23 Nitrogen fixation
7.24 Conclusion
References
8 Microbial community structure and climate change: impact of agricultural management practices in mountainous landscapes
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Mountainous soil and climate change
8.3 Climate change and soil microbial function
8.4 Agricultural management practices: impacts on microbial community structure and function
8.5 Conclusion
References
9 Biochar-mediated nutrients and microbial community dynamics in montane landscapes
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Traditional farming practices in mountainous system
9.3 Biochar-a boon for mountain farmers
9.3.1 What is biochar?
9.3.2 Beneficial properties of biochar as soil amendment (physical, chemical and biological)
9.3.3 Advantages over traditional compost and chemical fertilizers
9.3.4 Nutrients dynamics of biochar amendment on mountainous soil
9.3.5 Microbial dynamics of biochar amendment on mountainous soil
9.4 Conclusion
References
3 Soil physicochemical parameters
10 Hair to canopy: role of organic debris in soil formation and succession of rock ecosystem
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Rock, soil, and literature
10.3 Hair to canopy: the complex cascade
10.3.1 Stage I: Uphill movement of organic debris
10.3.1.1 Uphill movement of organic debris through abiotic forces
10.3.1.2 Animal dependent uphill movement of organic debris
10.3.2 Stage II: Primary succession
10.3.3 Wet ephemeral habitat
10.3.4 Organic debris and succession.