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Nanotechnology-based e-noses : fundamentals and emerging applications /

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"Nanotechnology-based E-Noses reviews advances in nanomaterials and their modification for use in e-sensors. "E-noses" or "electronic sensors" are emerging as advanced technologies for the fast detection of chemicals, gases, and explosives. The concept behind the "e-nos...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Gupta, Ram K. (Editor), Nguyen, Tuan Anh (Chemist) (Editor), Bilal, Muhammad (Professor of bioengineering) (Editor), Ahmadi, Mazaher (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Cambridge, MA : Woodhead Publishing, [2023]
Series:Woodhead Publishing series in electronic and optical materials.
Subjects:
Nanostructured materials.
Detectors.
Nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology
Electronic Nose
Nanostructures
Nanomatériaux.
Nanotechnologie.
Detectors
Nanostructured materials
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Nanotechnology-Based E-Noses
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • List of contributors
  • About the editors
  • Preface
  • 1 Basics principals
  • 1 E-noses: an introduction
  • 1.1 Introduction to the electronic nose technologies
  • 1.1.1 Background and history
  • 1.1.2 Headspace analysis
  • 1.1.3 Gas sensing materials and technologies
  • 1.1.4 Electronic noses applications for exhaled breath analysis
  • 1.2 Materials and methods
  • 1.2.1 Breath collection and sampling
  • 1.2.2 Design and fabrication of sensor system
  • 1.2.2.1 WO3 nanowires-based gas sensors
  • 1.2.2.2 SnO2 gas sensors
  • 1.2.2.3 Electronic conditioning circuit
  • Case of WO3 nanowires-based gas sensors
  • Case of SnO2 gas sensors
  • 1.2.2.4 The measurement process and data acquisition
  • 1.2.3 Data analysis
  • 1.2.4 Data collection cycle for gas sensor
  • 1.2.5 Multivariate analysis techniques
  • 1.3 Sensing performance test
  • 1.3.1 Application of e-nose based on SnO2 sensors toward breath analysis of patients with chronic kidney disease and diabet...
  • 1.3.2 Application of e-nose based on WO3 sensors toward breath analysis
  • 1.3.2.1 Enhancing sensing performance of E-nose based on WO3 sensors by UV-light illumination toward exhaled breath analysis
  • 1.3.2.2 Discrimination of exhaled breath of patients with lung cancer against controls subject by using WO3 sensors irradia...
  • 1.4 Conclusion
  • References
  • 2 Introduction to nano-e-nose
  • 2.1 Overview of nano e-nose
  • 2.2 Nanomaterials used in nano-e-nose
  • 2.3 Fabrication techniques for nano-e-nose
  • 2.4 Data interpretation of e-nose using statistical methods
  • 2.4.1 Principal component analysis
  • 2.4.2 K-means clustering/hierarchical cluster analysis
  • 2.4.3 Radar plots analysis
  • 2.4.4 Support vector machines
  • 2.4.5 Linear discriminant analysis
  • 2.4.6 Neural networks.
  • 2.5 Different configurations of e-noses
  • 2.6 Artificial intelligence in day-to-day life
  • 2.6.1 Food safety supervision
  • 2.6.2 Health care diagnosis-breath prints
  • 2.6.3 Environmental monitoring
  • 2.6.4 Quality inspection of agricultural products
  • 2.7 State of art and future trends
  • 2.7.1 Self-powered devices: nanogenerators
  • 2.7.2 Lab on chip/e-nose on a chip: micro/nanostructured nanomaterials based nanoarrays
  • 2.7.3 Point-of-care devices
  • 2.7.4 Mobile/wireless e-nose devices
  • 2.8 Conclusion and outlook
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • 3 Emerging applications of nanotechnology for e-nose
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Why nanotechnology
  • 3.3 E-nose elements
  • 3.3.1 Multiple sensor array
  • 3.3.2 Instruments for electronic nose
  • 3.3.3 Electronic nose data analysis and pattern reorganization
  • 3.4 Types of e-nose
  • 3.4.1 Metal-oxide and conducting polymer based sensors
  • 3.4.2 Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor
  • 3.4.3 Quartz crystal microbalance
  • 3.4.4 Acoustic wave sensor
  • 3.4.5 Optical sensor
  • 3.4.6 Catalytic bead
  • 3.4.7 Electrochemical sensor
  • 3.5 Applications of e-noses
  • 3.5.1 Agriculture and forestry
  • 3.5.2 Food and beverage
  • 3.5.2.1 Classification
  • 3.5.2.2 Flavor research and quantification
  • 3.5.2.3 Freshness and spoilage evaluation
  • 3.5.2.4 Quality monitoring
  • 3.5.2.5 Food packaging
  • 3.5.3 Medical and clinical applications
  • 3.5.3.1 Asthma and sinusitis
  • 3.5.3.2 Tuberculosis
  • 3.5.3.3 Cancer
  • 3.5.3.4 Drug-related fields and human space mission
  • 3.5.3.5 Smokers and nonsmokers
  • 3.5.4 Indoor and outdoor monitoring
  • 3.6 Challenges in EN system
  • 3.6.1 Sensor sensitivity and selectivity
  • 3.6.2 Sensor stability
  • 3.6.3 Reproducibility
  • 3.6.4 Sensor drift
  • 3.6.5 Cross sensitivity
  • 3.6.6 Humidity
  • 3.6.7 Miniaturization.
  • 3.6.8 Parameter and algorithms selection
  • 3.6.9 Lack of data
  • 3.7 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • 4 Multiarray nanopatterned (top-down nanolithography) e-nose
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems
  • 4.3 Fabrication processes for realizing a well-ordered array of nanostructures
  • 4.3.1 Photo/optical/UV lithography
  • 4.3.2 Electron beam or E-beam lithography
  • 4.3.3 Ion beam lithography
  • 4.3.4 Extreme ultraviolet lithography
  • 4.3.5 Advanced lithography techniques
  • 4.3.5.1 Phase shift lithography
  • 4.3.5.2 Dip pen lithography
  • 4.3.5.3 Nanoimprint lithography
  • 4.3.5.4 Microcontact printing
  • 4.3.5.5 Soft lithography
  • 4.3.5.6 Nanosphere lithography
  • 4.4 E-nose based on top-down approaches
  • 4.4.1 E-nose based on multipatterned array for electrical readouts
  • 4.4.2 Gravimetric sensors
  • 4.4.2.1 Microcantilever based e-nose platforms
  • 4.4.2.2 Quartz crystal microbalance platforms
  • 4.4.3 E-nose based on multipatterned array for optical readouts
  • 4.4.3.1 Photonic crystals
  • 4.4.3.2 Optical waveguides
  • 4.4.4 Opto-electrical Approach
  • 4.5 The criterion for commercially viable e-nose fabrication process
  • 4.6 Future trends
  • 4.6.1 Self-powered sensors
  • 4.6.2 Noise in multipatterned array
  • 4.6.3 Development of an advanced pattern recognition algorithm
  • 4.6.4 Wireless e-nose sensor network technology
  • 4.7 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 5 Recent advances in bioelectronic noses based on olfactory receptors
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Electronic nose
  • 5.2.1 Sensors of e-nose
  • 5.2.1.1 Conducting polymer sensor
  • 5.2.1.2 Metal oxide sensor
  • 5.2.1.3 Acoustic wave sensors
  • 5.2.1.4 Optical sensor
  • 5.2.2 E-nose system
  • 5.3 Development of bioelectronic nose
  • 5.3.1 Luminescence and fluorescence biosensors
  • 5.3.2 Quartz crystal microbalance biosensors.
  • 5.3.3 Surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors
  • 5.3.4 Electrical biosensors
  • 5.3.5 Field-effect transistor biosensors
  • 5.4 Nanomaterial bases bioelectronic nose
  • 5.5 Conclusions
  • References
  • 6 Chemical sensors based on two-dimensional materials
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Methods for improvement of material production
  • 6.2.1 Top-down strategy
  • 6.2.2 Bottom-up strategy
  • 6.3 Preparation of 2-D materials
  • 6.3.1 Liquid exfoliation technique
  • 6.3.2 Intercalation
  • 6.3.3 Chemical vapor deposition
  • 6.3.4 Exfoliation by mechanical action
  • 6.4 Chemosensors
  • 6.5 Chemosensors of 2-D materials analog
  • 6.5.1 g-C3N4-based chemosensors
  • 6.5.2 Graphene oxide-based chemosensor
  • 6.5.3 Transition metal dichalcogenides-based chemosensors
  • 6.5.4 Black phosphorus-based chemosensor
  • 6.5.5 Molybdenum disulfide based chemosensors
  • 6.5.6 MXenes based chemosensors
  • 6.6 Summary
  • References
  • 7 Thermoelectric nanomaterials for temperature gradient sensing (heat nose)
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Thermoelectric phenomena
  • 7.3 Thermoelectric figure of merit
  • 7.4 Transport properties
  • 7.4.1 Electronic transport properties
  • 7.4.1.1 Band convergence
  • 7.4.1.2 Low dimensional effect
  • 7.4.1.3 Doping
  • 7.4.1.4 Resonant levels
  • 7.4.1.5 Energy filtering
  • 7.4.2 Thermal transport properties
  • 7.5 Thermoelectric materials
  • 7.5.1 Oxides
  • 7.5.2 Sulfides
  • 7.5.3 Nitrides
  • 7.5.4 Tellurides
  • 7.6 Thermoelectric devices and efficiencies
  • 7.7 Execution of thermoelectric modules: heat nose
  • 7.8 Summary
  • References
  • 8 Hierarchical semiconductor-based nanostructures for e-nose
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Gas-sensing properties of two-dimensional WO3 nanoplates
  • 8.2.1 Synthesis of WO3 nanoplates with high specific surface areas
  • 8.2.2 Acetone-sensing properties of the two-dimensional WO3 nanoplates.
  • 8.2.3 Alcohol-sensing response of the two-dimensional WO3 nanoplates
  • 8.3 Gas-sensing properties of the hierarchical nanostructures constructed on the two-dimensional WO3 nanoplates
  • 8.3.1 Construction and NO-sensing properties of WO3 nanoplates decorated with silver nanoparticles
  • 8.3.2 Construction and H2S-sensing properties of In2O3 nanoparticles on WO3 nanoplates
  • 8.3.3 NH3-sensing properties of polyaniline modified WO3 nanoplates
  • 8.4 Gas-sensing properties of hierarchical semiconductor oxides/graphene-based nanocomposites
  • 8.4.1 Construction and H2S-sensing properties of hierarchical SnO2@rGO nanocomposites
  • 8.4.2 Acetone-sensing properties of hierarchically porous Co3O4/rGO nanocomposite
  • 8.4.3 Triethylamine-sensing properties of hierarchical MoS2/GO nanocomposite
  • 8.5 Summary and outlook
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 9 Biotechnology for e-noses: types and biomaterials
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Biobased e-nose technology
  • 9.2.1 Components of biobased e-nose
  • 9.2.1.1 Bioreceptor
  • 9.2.1.2 Transducer
  • 9.2.1.3 Signal processor
  • 9.3 Biomaterials used for e-noses
  • 9.3.1 Olfactory receptor cells
  • 9.3.2 Olfactory receptor proteins
  • 9.3.3 Odorant binding proteins
  • 9.3.4 Olfactory epithelium
  • 9.3.5 Insect antennae
  • 9.3.6 Olfactory receptor nanovesicles
  • 9.4 Types of biobased e-noses
  • 9.4.1 Peptide or protein-based
  • 9.4.2 Cell-based
  • 9.4.3 Nanovesicle-based
  • 9.4.4 DNA-based
  • 9.5 Conclusion and prospects
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • 2 Emerging applications
  • 10 E-nose-based technology for healthcare
  • 10.1 What is an electronic nose?
  • 10.2 History of electronic-nose developments for healthcare
  • 10.2.1 Identification of disease bioindicators
  • 10.3 Working principle of electronic noses
  • 10.4 Electronic-nose-based advancements in healthcare.