Comprehensive guide to hepatitis advances /
"The Comprehensive Guide to Hepatitis Advances provides the most up-to-date information on all types of hepatitis in one resource. Coverage spans hepatitis in all forms (viral, alcoholic, metabolic, drug, autoimmune, etc.), showing the implications of current research in clinical practice and d...
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| Other Authors: | , |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London ; San Diego, CA :
Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier,
[2023]
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to the full text of this electronic book |
Table of Contents:
- Front Cover
- COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO HEPATITIS ADVANCES
- COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO HEPATITIS ADVANCES
- Copyright
- Contents
- Contributors
- I
- Hepatitis: advances in clinical evaluation
- 1
- Noninvasive assessment of liver disease severity: image-related
- Introduction
- Imaging modalities: shear wave-based
- Transient elastography
- Acoustic radiation force impulse-based US techniques
- Point SWE
- Two-dimensional SWE
- Magnetic resonance elastography
- Summary
- Disease-specific assessment of severity
- Metabolic associated fatty liver disease
- Steatosis assessment
- Evaluation for steatohepatitis
- Staging of liver fibrosis
- Evaluation of treatment response
- Prediction of liver-related outcomes
- Alcoholic liver disease
- Staging of liver fibrosis
- Assessment of hepatic inflammation
- Prediction of liver-related outcomes
- Hepatitis B
- Staging of liver fibrosis
- Reassessment of liver fibrosis after HBV treatment
- Prediction of liver-related outcomes
- Hepatitis C
- Staging of liver fibrosis
- Reassessment of liver fibrosis after HCV treatment
- Prediction of liver-related outcomes
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Staging of liver fibrosis
- Assessment of hepatic inflammation
- Prediction of liver-related outcomes
- Cholestatic liver disease
- Staging of liver fibrosis in primary biliary cholangitis
- Prediction of liver-related outcomes in PBC
- Staging of liver fibrosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Prediction of liver-related outcomes in PSC
- Summary
- Evaluation for compensated advanced chronic liver disease
- Diagnosis of CSPH and monitoring of portal hypertension
- Future perspectives for noninvasive assessment of disease severity in chronic liver disease
- Conclusion
- References
- 2
- Noninvasive assessments of liver disease severity based on biomarkers
- Introduction
- HBcrAg.
- Three components that are measured as HBcrAg
- Relationship between HBcrAg and other biomarkers of HBV
- Serum HBV DNA
- Intrahepatic cccDNA levels
- HBsAg
- HBcrAg for the prediction of HCC and recurrence of HCC
- HBV reactivation
- NA cessation
- High-sensitivity HBcrAg assay
- Clinical application of the HBcrAg assay in regions with limited resources
- Summary of the HBcrAg assay
- Novel HBsAg assays and their clinical applications
- High-sensitive HBsAg assay
- Ultra-sensitive HBsAg assay
- Summary of the HBsAg assay
- The HBV RNA assay and its clinical applications
- Relationships between serum HBV RNA and other HBV biomarkers
- Serum HBV RNA and cessation of NA treatment
- Summary of the serum HBV RNA assay
- Noninvasive liver fibrosis tests: FIB-4 index and ELF score
- FIB-4 index
- ELF score
- Summary of the FIB-4 index and ELF score
- M2BPGi
- M2BPGi and its distinctive characteristics
- M2BPGi as a predictor of HCC in patients with CHC
- Ongoing HCV infection
- M2BPGi after achievement of sustained virological response
- M2BPGi for the prediction of HCC in patients with CHB
- M2BPGi for the prediction of HCC in treatment-naïve patients with CHB
- M2BPGi for the prediction of HCC in patients with CHB receiving NAs
- Summary of the M2BPGi biomarker
- The HCC biomarkers AFP, AFP-L3, and PIVKA-II
- AFP and AFP-L3
- AFP
- AFP-L3 and the combination of AFP and AFP-L3
- PIVKA-II
- Combination of AFP and PIVKA-II
- Summary of HCC markers
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 3
- Conventional liver imaging in hepatitis
- Introduction
- Ultrasound
- CT
- MRI
- Infectious hepatitis
- Viral hepatitis
- Acute viral hepatitis
- Chronic viral hepatitis
- Liver abscess
- Alcoholic hepatitis
- Metabolic and storage liver diseases
- Iron overload
- Primary hemochromatosis.
- Secondary hemosiderosis
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- Wilson's disease
- Amyloidosis
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Toxic liver diseases
- Drug-induced liver toxicity
- Radiation-induced hepatitis
- Ischemic hepatitis
- Granulomatous liver diseases
- Sarcoidosis
- Tuberculosis
- Histoplasmosis
- Complications of hepatitis
- Acute liver failure
- Chronic complications
- Hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis
- Portal hypertension
- The role of liver biopsy
- Image-guided liver elastography techniques
- US elastography
- MR elastography
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Conclusions
- References
- 4
- Nutrition in liver disease
- Introduction
- Effect of nutritional status on liver disease
- Assessment of nutritional status
- Effects of nutritional state on liver disease
- Effect of liver disease on nutritional state
- Acute liver failure
- Chronic viral hepatitis
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
- Alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Liver cirrhosis
- Major surgery and transplantation
- Pathophysiology and nutrient requirement in liver disease
- Energy
- Carbohydrate
- Lipid
- Protein and amino acid metabolism
- Vitamins and minerals
- Disease specific nutrition therapy
- Acute liver failure
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
- Alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Liver cirrhosis
- Major surgery and transplantation
- Preoperative nutritional management
- Postoperative management
- Metabolic management of the organ donor
- References
- II
- Viral hepatitis
- 5
- Antivirals against hepatitis viruses: basic mechanisms
- Introduction
- Available antiviral strategies
- Antiviral approaches
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Viral enzyme inhibitors
- Nonenzymatic viral protein inhibitors
- Host-targeted antiviral agents
- Immunomodulatory approaches
- Innate immune response inducers.
- Indeterminate gray area-blind spots for patient management
- Hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance
- Diagnosis
- Who should be tested?
- Who should be screened?
- Conventional serologic markers
- Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B surface antibody
- Hepatitis B core antigen and hepatitis B core antibody
- Hepatitis B e antigen and hepatitis B e antibody
- Serum HBV DNA levels
- Quantitative HBsAg
- Assessment of liver fibrosis
- Diagnostic algorithm for hepatitis B virus infection
- Acute hepatitis B
- Chronic hepatitis B
- Past HBV infection
- Occult HBV infection
- References
- 8
- Hepatitis B: treatment
- Introduction
- Current standard of care
- Treatment indications
- Approved treatment: efficacy and safety
- Treatment endpoints
- Viral resistance to NUCs
- Special populations
- Immunosuppressed
- Pregnancy
- Healthcare workers
- Unsettled issues of the current treatment
- Novel therapies for chronic HBV infection in the clinical phase of development
- Replication inhibition: entry inhibitors
- Replication inhibition: CpAMs
- Replication inhibition: ASPIN
- Antigen reduction: RNAi
- Antigen reduction: NAPs or STOPs
- Immune stimulation: innate immunity
- Immune stimulation: rescue exhausted T cells
- Immune stimulation: redirect non-HBV specific T cells or generate new T cells
- Immune stimulation: engineered monoclonal antibodies
- Combination therapy
- Remaining issues with novel therapies
- Global efforts on HBV elimination
- Conclusion
- References
- 9
- Hepatitis C: epidemiology, natural history, and diagnosis
- Introduction
- Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection
- Global and regional prevalence and risk factors of HCV
- HCV genotype distributions
- Coinfection with hepatitis B virus
- Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus
- Natural history of HCV infection.