Modern spacecraft guidance, navigation, and control : from system modeling to AI and innovative applications /
Modern Spacecraft Guidance, Navigation, and Control: From System Modeling to AI and Innovative Applications provides a comprehensive foundation of theory and applications of spacecraft GNC, from fundamentals to advanced concepts, including modern AI-based architectures with focus on hardware and sof...
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
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Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Oxford, United Kingdom ; Cambridge MA :
Elsevier,
[2023]
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to the full text of this electronic book |
Table of Contents:
- Introduction
- one
- Introduction
- Modern spacecraft GNC: what, why, how, for whom?
- Book content
- How to use the book?
- What is not contained in this book?
- A brief historical review of classical spacecraft GNC
- GNC terminology
- GNC architecture: from requirements to preliminary design
- GNC subsystem design
- GNC modes
- System redundancy
- Mission phases
- Consider the anomalies
- Mode management
- Mode transition and finite state machine
- Automation, autonomy, and autonomicity
- On-board versus ground-based
- Verify the preliminary design
- Notation rules
- Notation table
- List of Acronyms
- References
- ONE
- Fundamental GNC tools
- Two
- Reference systems and planetary models
- Earth and planetary models
- Position representation
- Geoid and geopotential models
- Coordinate reference systems
- Heliocentric coordinate system, XYZ
- Geocentric equatorial coordinate system, IJK (ECI)
- Geocentric earth-fixed coordinate system, IFJFKF
- Topocentric coordinate systems
- Topocentric equatorial
- Topocentric horizon
- Lunar coordinate systems
- Mean earth/polar axis
- Principal axes
- Three-body synodic and inertial coordinate systems, XsYsZs and XIYIZI
- Lunar Centered ROTating
- Satellite-based coordinate systems
- Perifocal coordinate systems, PQW
- Satellite coordinate system, RSW (LVLH)
- Satellite body coordinate systems, b1b2b3
- Auxiliary satellite body coordinate systems
- Coordinate transformations
- ECI to ECEF
- ECI to PQW
- ECI to RSW (LVLH)
- Time
- Universal time
- Julian dates
- What is relevant for GNC?
- References.
- Three . The space environment
- Perturbation sources
- External perturbations
- Gravity field of a central body
- Gravitational models
- Magnetic field
- Atmospheric drag
- Solar radiation pressure
- Eclipse
- Albedo and infrared emission
- Third-body perturbation
- Ephemerides
- Chebyshev polynomials
- Coefficients computation
- Chebyshev interpolation
- External perturbations modeling guidelines
- Gravity
- Magnetic field
- Atmospheric models
- Solar radiation
- Third-body perturbation
- Internal perturbations
- Flexibility
- Example of a discrete parameters modeling
- Example of a distributed parameters modeling
- Effects on dynamics and GNC
- Sloshing
- Parasitic forces and torques during thrusters firing
- Deviation angle
- Center of mass variation
- Thrust magnitude accuracy
- Effects on dynamics and GNC
- Electromagnetic disturbances
- Internal vibrations
- Reaction wheel jitter
- Parasitic forces and torques due to plume impingement
- Thermal snap
- Internal perturbations modeling guidelines
- What is relevant for GNC?
- References
- Four
- Orbital dynamics
- Two-body problem
- Integrals of motion and orbital elements
- Integrals of motion
- Specific angular momentum
- Eccentricity vector
- Specific energy
- Orbital elements
- Two-line elements
- Geometrical classification of the conics
- Energetic analysis and cosmic velocities
- Operative classification of orbits
- Low Earth orbits
- Geosynchronous/geostationary orbits
- Medium Earth orbits
- Sun-synchronous orbits
- Time laws and orbital period
- Circular orbits
- Parabolic orbits
- Elliptic orbits
- Hyperbolic orbits
- Universal time law
- Summary
- Orbital perturbations
- A numerical approach: the Cowell's formulation
- An analytical approach: Gaussian Variation of Parameters
- Semimajor axis
- Eccentricity
- Inclination.
- Right ascension of the ascending node
- True anomaly
- Argument of periapsis
- Validity range of the two-body problem
- Three-body problem
- Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem
- Elliptic Restricted Three-Body Problem
- Periodic Motion in the Restricted Three-Body Problem
- Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem
- Elliptic Restricted Three-Body Problem
- Irregular solar system bodies
- Spherical Harmonics Expansion Model
- Ellipsoidal model
- Mass concentration model
- Polyhedral model
- Relative orbital dynamics
- Linearization of the equations of motion
- True anomaly parametrization in linearized relative dynamics
- Linearized equations of motion for nearly circular orbits
- Analysis and characteristic of the unperturbed motion
- Concentric coplanar absolute orbit
- Circular relative orbit
- Stationary coplanar elliptical relative orbit
- Impulsive shots
- J2-perturbed relative dynamics
- Relative dynamics modeling using relative orbital elements
- Coordinates transformation
- Relative motion geometry
- Energy-matching condition and passive safety
- Perturbed relative dynamics with relative orbital elements
- Comparison of relative dynamics modeling
- Cartesian and relative orbital elements mapping
- References
- Five
- Attitude dynamics
- Attitude kinematics
- Direction cosine matrix
- Euler angles
- Euler axis and angle
- Quaternions
- Successive rotations
- Relative quaternion
- Attitude variation in time
- Angular velocity
- Euler angles kinematics
- Quaternions kinematics
- Attitude dynamics
- Inertia matrix
- Rigid body dynamics
- Angular momentum
- Rotational kinetic energy
- Euler equation
- Attitude stability
- Dual spin dynamics
- Environmental torques
- Gravity gradient torque
- Magnetic torque
- Aerodynamic torque
- Solar radiation pressure torque.
- Three-body problem attitude dynamics
- Relative attitude dynamics
- Multibody spacecraft dynamics
- References
- Six
- Sensors
- Sensor modeling for GNC
- Elements of metrology
- Probability and stochastic processes
- Random variables
- Uniform random variables
- Gaussian random variables
- Stochastic processes
- Sensor calibration
- Errors modeling
- Bias
- Scale factor errors
- Noise and random errors
- Random errors with uniform distribution
- Quantization errors
- Misalignment and nonorthogonality errors
- Output saturation, temporal discretization, and latencies
- Sensor faults
- Orbit sensors
- GNSS sensors
- GNSS basics
- GNSS signals
- GNSS receivers
- GNSS accuracy
- Multiconstellation GNSS receivers
- GNSS sensor model
- Ground-based orbit determination
- Ground segment
- Space segment
- Ground-based orbit determination accuracy
- Attitude sensors
- Magnetometers
- Sun sensors
- Analog sun sensors
- Coarse sun sensors
- Fine sun sensors
- Digital Sun sensors
- Sun presence sensors
- Sun sensor model
- Horizon sensors
- Star sensors
- Performance comparison
- Inertial sensors
- Typical error sources
- Inertial sensors performances
- Allan variance and statistical error representation
- Gyroscope model
- Electro-optical sensors
- Cameras
- Applicability
- Design
- LIDAR
- Altimeters
- Altimetry principles
- Radar and laser altimeters
- Altimeter model
- References
- Seven
- Actuators
- Actuator modeling for GNC
- Errors modeling
- Actuator faults
- Thrusters
- Thrusters assembly
- Thrust management and actuation function
- Thrusters model
- Reaction wheels
- Reaction wheels assembly
- Friction and microvibrations
- Multiple reaction wheels actuation function
- Reaction wheels performance
- Reaction wheels model
- Control moment gyros
- Magnetorquers.
- Magnetorquers assembly
- Magnetorquers actuation function
- Magnetorquers performance
- Magnetorquers model
- References
- Two- Spacecraft GNC
- Eight
- Guidance
- What is guidance?
- On-board versus ground-based guidance
- Guidance applications
- Design process
- General design approach
- Understanding the dynamical system
- Guidance representations
- Optimization
- Classical formulation of the optimal control problem
- Indirect methods versus direct methods
- Trajectory optimization methods
- A simple example
- Interpolation
- Interpolation formulas
- Inverse interpolation
- Spline interpolation
- Application: rendezvous guidance
- Relative motion for rendezvous guidance applications
- Effect of velocity impulses
- Impulsive maneuvers and trajectories
- Two-point transfer
- Cotangential (Hohmann) transfer
- Trajectory-crossing maneuver
- Periodic (radial hop) transfer
- Drift modulation (tangential hop) transfer
- Multiple impulse transfer
- Out-of-plane maneuver
- Forced motion
- Application: attitude guidance
- One-axis pointing
- Two-axis pointing
- Extended vector normalization
- Reorientation
- Quaternion rotation: LVLH, PQW, and RSW
- Design of a guidance function
- Identification of guidance requirements
- Guidance modes
- Architecture
- Function library
- Guidance implementation best practices
- References
- Nine
- Navigation
- What is navigation?
- On-board versus ground-based navigation
- Sequential filters
- Working principle
- Sequential filters for spacecraft navigation
- Kalman filter
- H∞ filter
- Extended Kalman filter
- Unscented Kalman filter
- Particle filter
- Parameters estimation
- State augmentation for parameter estimation
- Bias estimator
- Use of consider states-Schmidt-Kalman filter
- Batch estimation
- Least squares
- Dynamic effects.