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Urban climate change and heat islands : characterization, impacts, and mitigation /

Urban Climate Change and Heat Islands: Characterization, Impacts, and Mitigation serves as a go to reference for a foundational understanding of urban-climate drivers and impacts. Through the book's comprehensive chapters, the authors help readers identify problems associated with urban climate...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Paolini, Riccardo, Santamouris, Matthaios
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2023.
Subjects:
Climatic changes.
Urban ecology (Sociology)
Sustainable development.
Climate change mitigation.
Climat > Changements.
Écologie urbaine.
Développement durable.
Climat > Changements > Atténuation.
climate change.
urban environments.
sustainable development.
Climate change mitigation
Climatic changes
Sustainable development
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Urban Climate Change and Heat Islands
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • List of contributors
  • 1 Urban climate change: reasons, magnitude, impact, and mitigation
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 What is causing urban overheating?
  • 1.3 About the magnitude of the urban overheating
  • 1.4 About the impact of urban overheating
  • 1.5 Mitigation of urban overheating
  • 1.5.1 Decrease of the absorption of solar radiation in the urban fabric
  • 1.5.2 Increase of the emission of infrared radiation by the urban structures
  • 1.5.3 Increase of the ventilative cooling in cities
  • 1.5.4 Decrease of the flow of advective heat
  • 1.5.5 Increase of the evapotranspiration hear flux
  • 1.5.6 Decrease of the anthropogenic heat release
  • 1.5.7 Dissipation of the excess heat to low-temperature environmental sinks
  • 1.6 Conclusion
  • References
  • 2 Experimental and monitoring techniques to map and document urban climate change
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Measurement approaches in urban climatology
  • 2.2.1 Networks of weather stations-continuous monitoring
  • 2.2.1.1 Sensing networks managed by agencies and research institutions
  • 2.2.1.1.1 Weather stations
  • 2.2.1.1.2 Street stations
  • 2.2.1.1.3 Stations above the urban canopy layer
  • 2.2.1.2 Amateur networks and citizen science approaches
  • 2.2.1.3 Validation of data from weather stations
  • 2.2.1.4 Validity and representativity of networks over time
  • 2.2.2 Short-term terrestrial campaigns
  • 2.2.2.1 Temporary weather stations or other fixed sensing elements
  • 2.2.2.2 Transects with vehicles, carts, or wearable equipment
  • 2.2.2.3 Citizen science climate mapping and ubiquitous sensing
  • 2.2.2.3.1 Climate mapping by citizen scientists
  • 2.2.2.3.2 Wearable sensors
  • 2.2.3 Remote sensing
  • 2.3 Climate and nonclimate data to support urban heat mitigation: challenges and prospects.
  • 2.3.1 Measurement of advective flows and causes of urban overheating
  • 2.3.2 Measurement of parameters that influence the performance of urban heat mitigation technologies
  • 2.3.3 Mapping of urban pollution and noise levels
  • 2.4 Conclusion
  • References
  • 3 Synergies and exacerbations-effects of warmer weather and climate change
  • 3.1 Urban heat islands and urban overheating
  • 3.1.1 Urban overheating causes
  • 3.1.2 Urban overheating quantification methods
  • 3.2 Heatwaves
  • 3.2.1 Heatwaves identification methods
  • 3.3 The combined effect of urban overheating and heatwaves on human health, economy, energy, and environment
  • 3.3.1 Mortality and morbidity
  • 3.3.2 Energy
  • 3.3.3 Environment and the economy
  • 3.4 UO interaction with heatwaves-quantification of energy budget equation
  • 3.4.1 Alteration in the radiative input during heatwaves
  • 3.4.2 Alteration in sensible and latent heat fluxes during heatwaves
  • 3.4.3 Alteration in advective heat fluxes during heatwaves
  • 3.4.4 Alteration in anthropogenic heat fluxes during heatwaves
  • 3.4.5 Alteration in heat storage during heatwaves
  • 3.4.6 UO response to heatwaves in various cities
  • 3.4.6.1 Exacerbated daytime UO during heatwaves
  • 3.4.6.2 Exacerbated nighttime UO during heatwaves
  • 3.4.6.3 Exacerbated UO at both daytime and nighttime
  • 3.4.6.4 No change in urban overheating magnitude during heatwaves
  • 3.4.6.5 A decline in urban overheating magnitude during heatwaves
  • 3.4.7 Inconsistent response of urban overheating to heatwaves-important factors
  • 3.4.7.1 Different boundary conditions
  • 3.4.7.2 Inconsistent urban overheating quantification methods
  • 3.4.7.3 Inconsistent heatwaves calculation methods
  • 3.5 Synoptic climatology
  • 3.5.1 Classification
  • 3.5.2 Synoptic-scale weather conditions and urban overheating
  • 3.6 A case study from Sydney, Australia.
  • 3.6.1 Interaction between urban overheating and heatwaves in Sydney
  • 3.6.2 Interaction between urban overheating and synoptic-scale weather conditions in Sydney
  • 3.7 Discussion and conclusion
  • Nomenclature
  • Supplementary material
  • References
  • 4 Multiscale modeling techniques to document urban climate change
  • 4.1 Introduction: why model urban and intra-urban climate change?
  • 4.2 Modeling techniques to document urban and intraurban climate variability and change
  • 4.2.1 Scale models
  • 4.2.2 Statistical methods
  • 4.2.3 Numerical methods
  • 4.2.3.1 Surface and urban canopy energy balance models
  • One-dimensional approaches (slab or bulk models)
  • Building-averaged approaches (canyon and block array models)
  • Building-resolved approaches
  • 4.2.3.2 Computational fluid dynamic models
  • Three-dimensional modeling of urban airflow and thermal environment
  • 4.2.3.3 Inclusion of vegetation in numerical models
  • 4.2.3.4 Inclusion of anthropogenic waste heat and water fluxes in numerical models
  • 4.2.4 Summary and review of modeling techniques
  • 4.3 Modeling urban climate's impact on human life
  • 4.3.1 Urban climate and climate change interaction
  • 4.3.2 Urban ventilation
  • 4.3.3 Thermal environment and exposure in the built environment
  • 4.4 Conclusions
  • References
  • 5 Urban overheating-energy, environmental, and heat-health implications
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Impact of urban overheating on energy generation and energy supply systems
  • 5.2.1 Impact of urban overheating on the energy consumption of reference buildings
  • 5.2.2 Impact of urban overheating on the temporal variation of the energy consumption of buildings
  • 5.2.3 Impact of overheating on the energy consumption of the total building stock of a city
  • 5.2.4 Impact of the future overheating on the energy consumption of buildings.
  • 5.2.5 Impact of overheating on the global electricity consumption of a city, or a country
  • 5.2.6 Impact of overheating on the peak electricity demand
  • 5.2.7 Impact of overheating on the performance of the electricity production and distribution systems
  • 5.3 Impact of urban overheating of urban vulnerability
  • 5.4 Impact of urban overheating on air quality
  • 5.5 Impact of urban overheating on health
  • 5.5.1 Impact of urban overheating on heat-related morbidity
  • 5.5.2 Impact of urban overheating on heat-related mortality
  • 5.6 Conclusion
  • References
  • 6 Fighting urban climate change-state of the art of mitigation technologies
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Mitigating the urban heat using advanced materials for the urban fabric
  • 6.2.1 Introduction to mitigation materials
  • 6.2.2 High reflectance white coatings
  • 6.2.3 Colored infrared reflective coatings
  • 6.2.4 Reflecting materials of high thermal capacity
  • 6.2.5 Temperature-sensitive/color changing materials
  • 6.2.6 Fluorescent materials for mitigation
  • 6.2.7 Photonic and materials of daytime radiative cooling
  • 6.2.8 Cooling with elastocaloric materials
  • 6.3 Using transpiration cooling to mitigate urban heat
  • 6.4 Mist cooling
  • 6.5 Urban greenery to mitigating the urban heat
  • 6.5.1 Progress on atmospheric heat mitigation with green infrastructure
  • 6.6 Conclusions
  • References
  • 7 Environmental, energy, and health impact of urban mitigation technologies
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 The impact of increased urban albedo on urban temperature, energy consumption, and health
  • 7.2.1 The impact of increased urban albedo on ambient urban temperature
  • 7.2.2 The impact of increased urban albedo on heat-related mortality
  • 7.2.3 The impact of increased urban albedo on energy consumption and electricity generation.
  • 7.3 The impact of increased green infrastructure on urban temperature and health
  • 7.3.1 Introduction
  • 7.3.2 Data and characteristics
  • 7.3.3 The impact of increased green infrastructure on ambient temperature-mitigation potential
  • 7.3.4 Impact of increased green infrastructure on heat-related mortality
  • 7.3.5 Impact of green infrastructure on heat-related morbidity
  • 7.3.6 Impact of increased green infrastructure on urban pollution levels
  • 7.4 Conclusion
  • References
  • Index
  • Back Cover.