Marine antioxidants : preparations, syntheses, and applications /

"Marine Antioxidants: Preparations, Syntheses, and Applications provides the most updated and comprehensive knowledge on utilizing marine-derived substances for cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical developments. The book delivers the isolation procedures and biological activity of ma...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors:	Kim, Se-Kwon (Editor), Shin, Kyung-Hoon (Editor), Venkatesan, Jayachandran (Editor)
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	London, United Kingdom ; San Diego, CA, United States : Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, [2023]
Subjects:	Marine microbiology. Antioxidants. Microbiologie marine. Antioxydants. antioxidant. Antioxidants Marine microbiology Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Front Cover
Marine Antioxidants
Copyright Page
Contents
List of contributors
1 Marine-derived antioxidant peptides: properties and applications
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Structure and antioxidant properties of marine peptides
1.2.1 Primary structure and antioxidant properties
1.2.2 Secondary structure and antioxidant properties
1.3 Applications of marine-derived antioxidant peptides
1.3.1 Food applications of marine antioxidant peptides
1.3.2 Nutritional/physiological applications of marine antioxidant peptides
1.4 Conclusions
References
2 Antioxidant properties of marine proteins and peptides
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sources of antioxidant peptides from marine life
2.3 Mechanism of antioxidant potential of marine peptides
2.3.1 The Antioxidant activity and peptide characteristics relationship
2.3.1.1 The amino acid composition
2.3.1.2 Molecular weights of peptides
2.3.1.3 Degree of hydrolysis
2.3.1.4 Amino acid configuration and peptide conformation
2.4 Production and isolation of antioxidant peptides
2.4.1 Production of antioxidant peptides using enzyme hydrolysis
2.4.2 Antioxidant peptide purification and identification
2.5 Antioxidant potential analysis of marine peptides and proteins
2.5.1 DPPH radical-scavenging assay
2.5.2 Hydroxyl radical scavenging
2.5.3 Superoxide anion radical analysis
2.5.4 Linoleic acid autoxidation inhibition activity
2.5.5 Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay
2.6 Applications of marine antioxidant proteins and peptides
2.7 Conclusion
References
3 Implications of bioprospecting marine diversity and sustainable production of bioactive compounds
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Bioprospecting marine natural products
3.2.1 Role of marine species
3.2.2 Properties of bioactive compounds.
3.3 Industrial applications of marine biotechnology
3.3.1 Antitumor compounds
3.3.2 Antivirals
3.3.3 Analgesic
3.3.4 Enzyme inhibitors
3.3.5 Nontoxic antifouling agents
3.4 Innovative technologies for isolating novel products
3.4.1 Metagenomic approaches
3.4.2 DNA-sequencing and bioinformatic technologies
3.4.3 Spectroscopic techniques: two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy
3.4.4 Aquaculture and fermenter cultivation techniques
3.5 Advances in biotechnology approaches
3.6 Challenges in producing and isolating marine natural products
3.7 Future perspective
References
4 Antioxidants obtained from marine sources
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Antioxidants
4.2 Marine organisms: a potential source of antioxidative molecules
4.2.1 Algae
4.2.1.1 Astaxanthin
4.2.1.2 Eckol and dieckol
4.2.1.3 Scytonemin
4.2.1.4 Ulvan
4.2.2 Sponges
4.2.2.1 Aaptamine and isoaaptamine
4.2.2.2 5-Hydroxytryptophan
4.2.2.3 Puupehenone
4.2.3 Mussels
4.2.4 Sea cucumber
4.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Conflict of Interest
Funding
Consent for Publication
References
5 Antioxidant potential of bioactive molecules from marine algae in chronic diseases: a critical review of antioxidants fro...
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Seaweed resources internationally and nationally
5.3 Oxidative stress and disease pathologies
5.4 Antioxidant molecules from marine algae
5.4.1 Polyphenols in seaweeds
5.4.2 Polysaccharides in seaweeds
5.4.3 Fatty acids in seaweeds
5.4.4 Terpenoids in seaweeds
5.5 Mechanism of mitigating oxidative stress by algal antioxidants in chronic diseases
5.6 Seaweed antioxidants for management of cancer
5.6.1 Seaweed antioxidants in the management of diabetes.
5.6.2 Seaweed antioxidants in the management of cardiovascular disease
5.7 Seaweed antioxidants in the management of arthritis
5.8 Nanotechnology and marine-derived metabolites in mitigation of oxidative stress
5.8.1 Drawbacks of marine metabolites in mitigating oxidative stress-induced diseases
5.8.2 Applications of marine polysaccharide nanoparticles in circumventing oxidative stress-induced diseases
5.9 Future perspectives and challenges
5.10 Conclusion
References
6 Supercritical extraction of marine antioxidants
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Major marine carotenoids
6.3 Carotenoids as antioxidants
6.4 Supercritical fluid extraction, fundamentals, and operational conditions
6.4.1 Initial pretreatment of the solid
6.4.2 Pressure and temperature
6.4.3 Modifier
6.4.4 Flow rate
6.5 Applications
6.5.1 Sequential valorization biorefinery
6.6 Concluding remarks
References
7 The role of antioxidant enzymes in diatoms and their therapeutic role
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Diatoms and their role in the environment
7.2.1 Role of diatoms in biomineralization
7.2.2 Role of diatoms in biomaterial synthesis
7.2.3 Role of diatoms in the degradation of waste
7.2.4 Role of diatoms in aquaculture feed
7.2.5 Role of diatoms in biofuel production
7.2.6 Role of diatoms in producing other valuable products
7.3 Antioxidants and their role in diatoms
7.4 Diatom antioxidative enzymes
7.4.1 Catalase
7.4.2 Superoxide dismutase
7.4.3 Peroxidase
7.4.4 Glutathione peroxidase
7.4.5 Ascorbate peroxidase
7.4.6 Glutathione reductase
7.5 Effect of different environmental stressors (biotic and abiotic) on enzymatic response
7.5.1 Light
7.5.2 Temperature
7.5.3 Ice cover
7.5.4 Chemical pollutants
7.5.5 Salinity
7.5.6 Nutrient starvation.
7.6 Mechanism of antioxidative enzyme action
7.7 Therapeutic potential and other applications of antioxidative enzymes
7.8 Other antioxidants (nonenzymatic)
7.8.1 Exogenous nonenzymatic antioxidants
7.8.1.1 Vitamin E
7.8.1.2 Vitamin A
7.8.1.3 Vitamin C
7.8.1.4 Flavonoids
7.8.1.5 Carotenoids
7.8.1.6 Hydroxycinnamic acids
7.8.1.7 Allyl sulfides and curcumin
7.8.2 Endogenous nonenzymatic antioxidants
7.8.2.1 Uric acid
7.8.2.2 Glutathione
7.8.2.3 Melatonin
7.8.2.4 Bilirubin
7.8.2.5 Polyamines
7.9 Applications of diatom antioxidants
7.9.1 Role of nonenzymatic antioxidants
7.9.2 Role of enzymatic antioxidants
7.10 Future prospects
7.11 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Further reading
8 Antioxidants from marine cyanobacteria
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Natural production of antioxidants in cyanobacteria
8.3 Antioxidant molecules in cyanobacteria
8.3.1 Chlorophyll
8.3.2 Carotenoids
8.3.3 Zeaxanthin
8.3.4 Astaxanthin
8.3.5 Myxol glycosides
8.3.6 Phenolic compounds
8.3.7 Glutathione
8.3.8 Phycobiliproteins
8.3.9 Phycocyanin
8.3.10 Phycoerythrin
8.3.11 Flavonoids
8.3.12 Tocopherols
8.3.13 Ascorbic acid (Ascorbate)
8.3.14 Scytonemin
8.3.15 Mycosporine-like amino acids
8.3.16 Ergothioneine
8.4 Future perspectives
References
9 Antioxidant activity of marine bacterial pigments
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Pigments from marine bacteria
9.2.1 Carotenoids
9.2.2 Prodigiosin
9.2.3 Melanin
9.2.4 Violacein
9.2.5 Phenazine compounds
9.2.6 Quinones
9.2.7 Tambiamines
9.3 Applications of bacterial pigments
9.3.1 Food colorant
9.3.2 Dyeing agent
9.3.3 Anticancer activity
9.3.4 Antimicrobial activity
9.3.5 Antioxidant activity
9.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Conflict of interest
References.
10 Marine antioxidants from microalgae
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress
10.3 Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants
10.4 Application of microalgae antioxidants in cosmetics
10.5 Application of microalgae antioxidants in human health
10.6 Factors influence the antioxidant properties of algae
10.6.1 Metals and acidic situations
10.6.2 Metal entry into the cell
10.6.3 Acidic conditions and metal stress
10.6.4 Fatty acid content
10.6.5 Pigments content
10.6.6 Polysaccharide content
10.6.7 Protein content
10.6.8 High solar irradiance
10.6.9 Nutrient starvation I
10.6.10 Nutrient starvation II
10.6.11 Carotenoid content
10.6.12 Total phenolic content
10.6.13 Influence of illumination intensity
10.6.14 Effect of extraction methods and solvents on the antioxidant potential of microalgae biomass
References
11 Algal cell factories as a source of marine antioxidants
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Marine antioxidants from different algal sources
11.2.1 Cyanobacteria
11.2.2 Microalgae
11.2.3 Macroalgae
11.3 Environmental triggers stressors associated with antioxidant production in microalgae
11.3.1 Nutrients
11.3.2 Light
11.3.3 Salinity
11.4 Extraction of algal antioxidants and their detection assays
11.4.1 Conventional methods
11.4.2 Nonconventional methods
11.4.2.1 Pressurized liquid extraction
11.4.2.2 Supercritical fluid extraction
11.4.2.3 Ultrasound-assisted extraction
11.4.3 Antioxidant detection assays
11.4.3.1 DPPH (2,2-di(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay
11.4.3.2 Ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay
11.4.3.3 ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assay
11.5 Potential applications of marine antioxidants
11.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest.