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Introduction to basic aspects of the autonomic nervous system. Volume 1 /

"Introduction to Basic Aspects of the Autonomic Nervous System, Sixth Edition, Volume One is an all-encompassing reference on the autonomic nervous system's basic function, dysfunction and pathology. This volume describes the anatomy of the autonomic nervous system and its role in the regu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Appenzeller, Otto (Author), Lamotte, Guillaume J. (Author), Coon, Elizabeth A. (Author)
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Amsterdam : Academic Press, 2022.
Edition:Sixth edition.
Subjects:
Autonomic nervous system > Diseases.
Autonomic nervous system > Physiology.
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases
Système nerveux autonome > Maladies.
Système nerveux autonome > Physiologie.
Autonomic nervous system > Diseases
Autonomic nervous system > Physiology
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Introduction to Basic Aspects of the Autonomic Nervous System
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • Foreword
  • Acknowledgments
  • Introduction
  • 1 Autonomic anatomy, histology, and neurotransmission
  • 1.1 Historical perspective
  • 1.2 Anatomy of the autonomic nervous system
  • 1.2.1 Autonomic ganglia
  • 1.2.2 The normal histology of ganglia
  • 1.2.3 Blood supply to autonomic ganglia
  • 1.2.4 Development of the autonomic nervous system
  • 1.2.5 Pathologic changes with aging
  • 1.2.6 Neurotransmitters and the autonomic nervous system
  • 1.2.7 Intercellular junctions
  • 1.2.8 Peptides
  • 1.2.9 Neuronal tracing
  • 1.2.10 Development of the function of autonomic neurons
  • 1.2.11 GABAergic neurons
  • 1.2.12 Applied anatomy
  • 1.3 The intrinsic cardiac nervous system
  • its role in cardiac pacemaking and conduction
  • 1.4 Human sympathetic preganglionic vasomotor and sudomotor neurons
  • 1.5 The neurogenic control of the cutaneous circulation
  • 1.5.1 Ultrastructure of neurovascular transmission in the skin
  • 1.5.2 Neurochemical mechanisms in skin vasodilatation
  • 1.5.3 Neurogenic control of vascular smooth muscle by transmitters, cotransmitters, and neuromodulators
  • 1.6 Neurotransmitters
  • 1.6.1 Acetylcholine
  • 1.6.2 Glutamate and aspartate
  • 1.6.3 G-aminobutyric acid and glycine
  • 1.6.4 Norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
  • 1.6.5 Histamine
  • 1.7 Peptides
  • 1.7.1 Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
  • 1.7.2 Somatostatin
  • 1.7.3 Substance P
  • 1.7.4 Opiate peptides
  • 1.7.5 Neurotensin
  • 1.7.6 Angiotensin II
  • 1.7.7 Classic autonomic neurotransmission
  • 1.7.8 Cotransmission and colocalization of neurotransmitters
  • 1.7.9 Auricular vagus nerve stimulation
  • 1.8 The neurogenic control of the circulation in skeletal muscles
  • 1.8.1 Reflex changes in vasoconstrictor tone in blood vessels of skeletal muscle.
  • 1.8.2 Hypoxia and the vascular supply to skeletal muscles
  • 1.8.3 Neurogenic changes in venous tone
  • 1.9 Shear stress and arterial lumen
  • 1.10 Catecholamines and neurologic disease
  • References
  • 2 Neurogenic control of the circulation, syncope, and hypertension
  • 2.1 Neurogenic control of the circulation
  • 2.1.1 Central integration of autonomic outflow
  • 2.1.1.1 The hypothalamus
  • 2.1.1.2 The influence of the cortex on cardiovascular function and early studies with experimental stimulation of the centr...
  • 2.1.1.3 Hypothalamic and medullary regulation of cardiovascular function
  • 2.1.2 Astrocytes and control of the cerebral and systemic circulation
  • 2.1.3 The arterial baroreflex
  • 2.1.3.1 Anatomy of the arterial baroreflex
  • 2.1.3.2 Afferent baroreflex failure
  • 2.1.4 Sympathetic efferents
  • 2.1.5 Continuous sympathetic nerve discharges
  • 2.1.6 Self-stimulating and autonomic responses
  • 2.1.7 The primary cerebral ischemic response
  • 2.1.8 The control of the peripheral circulation in physiological conditions and the autonomic laboratory
  • 2.1.8.1 Heart rate and blood pressure responses to initial orthostatic stress
  • 2.1.8.2 Blood pressure response to standing
  • 2.1.8.3 Standing orthostatic stress in disease
  • 2.1.8.4 Clinical assessment of responses to orthostatic stress
  • 2.1.8.5 Cardiovascular response to lower body negative pressure
  • 2.1.8.6 Venomotor reflexes
  • 2.1.8.7 Diving response and cardiovascular autonomic function
  • 2.1.9 The mechanisms of autonomic transmission to blood vessels
  • 2.1.9.1 Vasodilator nerve transmission
  • 2.1.9.2 Vasoconstrictor nerve transmission
  • 2.1.10 Some pharmacological aspects of autonomic nervous activity
  • 2.1.11 Vasomotor control in the newborn
  • 2.1.12 Clinical importance of autonomic dysfunction
  • 2.1.13 Regulation of the cerebral circulation.
  • 2.1.14 Autonomic regulation of the circulation in cerebrovascular disease and aging
  • 2.2 Syncope
  • 2.2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2.2 Consciousness and the upright posture
  • 2.2.3 Impairment of consciousness of short duration
  • 2.2.3.1 Clinical features
  • 2.2.3.2 Precipitating factors
  • 2.2.3.3 Bystander observations, history, examination, and special investigations
  • 2.2.4 Hints for management of patients with syncope
  • 2.2.5 Cardiovascular syncopes
  • 2.2.6 Orthostatic hypotension and syncope
  • 2.2.7 Syncope after hemorrhage
  • 2.2.8 Reflex syncope of cardiovascular origin
  • 2.2.8.1 Vasovagal syncope
  • 2.2.8.2 Cough and laugh syncope
  • 2.2.8.3 Micturition syncope
  • 2.2.8.4 The mess trick syncope
  • 2.2.8.5 Psychologic factors and syncope (funny turns)
  • 2.2.9 Syncope during pregnancy
  • 2.2.10 Sleep syncope
  • 2.2.11 Tilt-evoked sudden hypotension
  • 2.2.12 Why do humans faint?
  • 2.2.13 Differential diagnosis
  • 2.2.13.1 Epilepsy
  • 2.2.13.2 Breath-holding spells
  • 2.2.13.3 Pseudoseizures, nonepileptic seizures
  • 2.2.13.4 Bow hunter's syndrome
  • 2.3 Hypertension
  • References
  • 3 Thermoregulation
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Thermoregulatory pathway and peripheral thermoreceptors
  • 3.3 Vasomotor responses
  • 3.3.1 Vasoconstriction in response to a deep breath
  • 3.3.2 Vasomotor changes in response to mental stress
  • 3.4 Local blood vessel changes and environmental temperature
  • 3.5 The hypothalamus
  • 3.5.1 The effect of thermoactive substances on the hypothalamus
  • 3.5.2 Prostaglandins and fever
  • 3.6 The measurement of temperature
  • 3.7 Abnormalities of body temperature
  • 3.7.1 Hypothermia
  • 3.7.2 Accidental hypothermia
  • 3.7.3 Hypothermia in the elderly
  • 3.7.4 Disorders associated with hypothermia
  • 3.7.5 Shapiro syndrome
  • 3.7.6 Hypothermia related to pharmacologic agents
  • 3.7.7 Treatment of hypothermia.
  • 3.7.8 Cold acclimatization
  • 3.7.9 Hypothermia and nervous system disease
  • 3.7.10 Cold perception
  • 3.7.11 Brain volume and cerebrospinal fluid pressure during hypothermia
  • 3.8 Temperature regulation during fever
  • 3.9 Temperature regulation and exercise
  • 3.9.1 Thermoregulation in endurance athletes
  • 3.9.2 Hydration, exercise, and thermoregulation
  • 3.9.3 Deconditioning and temperature regulation
  • 3.9.4 Periodic thermoregulation
  • 3.9.5 Temperature regulation and the marathon
  • 3.10 Periodic fevers
  • 3.10.1 Fever and COVID-19 infections
  • 3.10.2 Fever-inducing activity of steroids
  • 3.10.3 Endogenous opiates
  • 3.11 Peptides
  • 3.11.1 Beta-endorphin
  • 3.11.2 Bombesin
  • 3.11.3 Neurotensin
  • 3.11.4 Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone
  • 3.11.5 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
  • 3.11.6 Delta sleep-inducing peptide
  • 3.12 Sweating and thermoregulation
  • 3.12.1 Sweat glands
  • 3.12.2 Types of sweating
  • 3.12.3 Circadian influences
  • 3.12.4 Postural influences
  • 3.12.5 Sweating and hydration status
  • 3.12.6 Sweating in infants and children
  • 3.12.7 Emotional sweating
  • 3.12.8 The effect of mental stress on perspiration
  • 3.12.9 Essential hyperhidrosis
  • 3.12.10 Sweating in systemic disease
  • 3.12.11 Abnormalities of sweating related to diseases of the nervous system
  • 3.12.12 Horner's syndrome
  • 3.12.13 Harlequin syndrome
  • 3.12.14 Auriculotemporal syndrome (Frey syndrome)
  • 3.12.15 Chorda tympani syndrome
  • 3.12.16 Spinal cord injury
  • 3.12.17 Central disorders
  • 3.12.18 Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism
  • 3.12.19 Multiple sclerosis
  • 3.12.20 Cold-induced sweating syndrome
  • 3.12.21 Peripheral neuropathies
  • 3.12.22 Familial dysautonomia
  • 3.12.23 Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
  • 3.12.24 Compensatory hyperhidrosis
  • 3.12.25 Heat-related illness and climate change.
  • 3.12.26 Treatment of hyperhidrosis
  • References
  • Further reading
  • 4 Autonomic modulation of the neuroendocrine system
  • 4.1 The hypothalamus and neuroendocrine modulation
  • 4.2 The autonomic nervous system and the pineal gland
  • 4.2.1 Anatomy and neural regulation of the pineal gland
  • 4.2.2 Melatonin and ovarian function
  • 4.2.3 Seasonal affective disorder
  • References
  • 5 Neurogenic control of respiration
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 The control of respiratory movements
  • 5.2.1 Early studies in animals
  • 5.2.2 Brainstem control of breathing
  • 5.2.3 Other inputs to the respiratory centers
  • 5.3 Pulmonary respiratory reflexes
  • 5.3.1 Hering-Breuer inflation reflex
  • 5.3.2 The Hering-Breuer deflation reflex
  • 5.3.3 Head's paradoxical reflex
  • 5.3.4 Reflexes due to irritants
  • 5.3.5 Pulmonary vascular reflexes
  • 5.3.6 Peripheral chemoreflex and functions of the carotid body
  • 5.3.7 Yawning
  • 5.3.8 Sneezing
  • 5.4 Breathlessness
  • 5.5 The nasal cycle
  • 5.6 The cerebrospinal fluid and the control of pulmonary ventilation
  • 5.7 Abnormalities in respiration related to disease of the nervous system
  • 5.7.1 Neurogenic hyperventilation
  • 5.7.2 Posthyperventilation apnea
  • 5.7.3 Cheyne-Stokes respiration
  • 5.7.4 Neurogenic hypoventilation
  • 5.7.5 Apneustic breathing
  • 5.7.6 Ataxic breathing
  • 5.7.7 Tussive syncope
  • 5.7.8 Diaphragmatic flutter
  • 5.7.9 Neurogenic pulmonary edema
  • 5.7.10 Other neurologic disorders with respiratory abnormalities
  • References
  • 6 The enteric nervous system
  • 6.1 Introduction-anatomy and physiology
  • 6.2 Appetite, satiety, hunger, and the hypothalamus
  • 6.3 Normal swallowing and its disorders
  • 6.3.1 Chewing
  • 6.3.2 Swallowing
  • 6.3.3 Dysphagia
  • 6.3.4 Dysphagia in aging
  • 6.3.5 Dysphagia in diabetes
  • 6.3.6 Dysphagia in neurologic disease
  • 6.3.7 Sialorrhea.