Bacterial survival in the hostile environment /
Variety of bacteria are present in our environment but only a few of these bacteria causes diseases in their hosts including humans.These bacteria face different stresses in the environment as well as inside the host and adapt number of strategies for their survival.
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| Other Authors: | , |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London ; San Diego, CA :
Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier,
[2023]
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| Series: | Developments in applied microbiology and biotechnology
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to the full text of this electronic book |
Table of Contents:
- Front Cover
- Bacterial Survival in the Hostile Environment
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of contributors
- 1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis adaptation to host environment
- Introduction
- M. tuberculosis adaptation to host immune system and oxidative stress
- Strategies to counter microbicidal effect of myeloid cells
- Microenvironment modulation by M. tuberculosis
- M. tuberculosis adaptations to acidic environment of phagolysosomes
- Mycobacterial adaptations to hypoxic environment
- M. tuberculosis adaptations to subsist heat shock
- M. tuberculosis adaptation to metal stress
- Conclusion
- References
- 2 Modulation of host pathways by Mycobacterium tuberculosis for survival
- Introduction
- Modulation of glycolytic flux
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress
- Modulation in host mitochondria
- Apoptosis
- Necrosis
- Phagosome maturation
- Autophagy Regulation
- Conclusion
- References
- 3 Signaling nucleotides in bacteria
- Introduction
- cyclic-di-AMP
- c-di-AMP signaling
- Regulation of potassium uptake by c-di-AMP
- (p)ppGpp
- (p)ppGpp signaling
- Regulation of antibiotic resistance by (p)ppGpp
- cyclic-di-GMP
- c-di-GMP signaling
- Regulation of biofilm formation by c-di-GMP
- Conclusions and perspectives
- References
- 4 The fish immune armaments in response to pathogen invasion-a tour inside the macrophages
- Introduction
- Immune organs and cell types of teleosts
- Characteristics of teleosts' macrophages
- Phagocytosis by macrophages
- Antigen presentation by macrophages
- Subcellular crosstalk of teleost macrophages
- Modalities of cell death
- Immune evasion strategies of microbial pathogen
- Conclusion
- References
- 5 Essential proteins for the survival of bacteria in hostile environment
- Introduction
- Hostile environment outside human host: extreme temperature.
- Hostile environment within the human host
- I. Helicobacter pylori
- Urease activity for pH homeostasis as a survival strategy of H. pylori in highly acidic hostile environment
- Evasion of innate immune response with bacterial proteins (H. pylori)
- Evasion of adaptive immune response (H. pylori)
- II. Salmonella typhimurium
- Acid shock proteins for pH homeostasis as a survival strategy of S. typhimurium
- Evasion of innate immune response with bacterial proteins (S. typhimurium)
- Evasion of adaptive immune response (S. typhimurium)
- References
- 6 Kinases and phosphatases in bacterial survival in hostile environment
- Introduction
- Kinases and phosphatases in abiotic conditions
- Kinases and phosphatases in biotic conditions
- Two-component system in host immune evasion
- References
- 7 Antimicrobial resistance-a serious global threat
- Introduction
- Mechanism of action of probiotics, challenges faced, and their evolution
- Antimicrobial agents
- Antiseptics and disinfectants
- Antibiotics/antibacterial agents
- Action of antimicrobial agents
- Intruding with cell wall synthesis
- Hindrance of bacterial protein synthesis
- Termination of nucleic acid synthesis
- Inhibition of microbial metabolic pathways
- Disruption and increased permeability of cytoplasmic membrane
- Antimicrobial resistance
- Causes of antimicrobial resistance
- Mechanism of antimicrobial resistance
- Blockage of access to target
- Decreased permeability
- Increased efflux
- Alteration and safeguarding the targets
- Enzymatic degradation of antibiotics
- By hydrolysis
- Relocation of the chemical group
- Resistance versus persistence
- Transmission of resistance
- Transduction
- Conjugation
- Transformation
- Spread of antimicrobial resistance
- Conclusion and future prospects
- References.
- 8 Combination of virulence and antibiotic resistance: a successful bacterial strategy to survive under hostile environments
- Introduction
- Cross coselection
- Coselection mediated by horizontal gene transfer
- Role of plasmids
- Role of integrative and conjugative elements
- Role of genomic islands
- Bacteriophage-mediated transduction
- Hypermutations
- Antibiotic tolerance and persistence
- Compensatory mutations
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 9 Mechanisms of biofilm-based antibiotic resistance and tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Introduction
- What is biofilm?
- Origins of biofilm hypothesis
- Characteristics of biofilm
- How biofilm is formed?
- Adhesion of microbial cells
- Proliferation and maturation
- Biofilm dispersal
- Quorum sensing
- Drug resistance mechanisms of biofilm
- Escape from host defense mechanisms
- Persistence and drug tolerance: role of mycobacterial biofilms
- Extracellular polymeric substances: matrix and capsule
- Horizontal gene transfer
- Enzyme-mediated resistance
- Metabolic state of the organisms in the biofilm
- References
- 10 Biofilms: cities of microorganisms
- Introduction
- History of biofilms
- How are biofilms formed?
- Impact of biofilms on human
- Biofilms and food sector
- Mechanisms used by various microorganisms to form biofilm
- Biofilm by pathogenic microorganisms
- Pseudomonas
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
- Vibrio cholerae
- Salmonella
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Streptococcus mutans
- Veillonella parvula
- Biofilm by beneficial microorganisms (probiotics)
- Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
- Bifidobacterium
- Strategies or future trends against biofilms
- Conclusion
- References
- 11 Biofilm: a coordinated response of bacteria against stresses
- Introduction
- Host-mounted stresses against bacteria
- Physical status.
- Host-microbe interactions
- Host immune challenges and coordinated microbial response
- Innate immune system
- Adaptive immune system
- Complement and coagulation system
- Antimicrobial peptides
- Biofilms
- Quorum sensing
- Expression of toxins, specialized secretion systems
- Responses from extracellular bacteria
- Responses from intracellular bacteria
- Conclusion
- References
- 12 The bacterial communication system and its interference as an antivirulence strategy
- Introduction
- Quorum-sensing and quorum quenching
- The architecture of quorum-sensing circuits
- Quorum-sensing systems in bacteria
- Vibrio fischeri
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Vibrio cholerae
- Vibrio harveyi
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Connecting the dots between interspecies and interkingdom circuits
- Quorum quenching
- Antivirulence strategies based on quorum quenching
- Controlling biofilms
- Prophylactic use
- Cocktail of quorum-sensing inhibitors (quorum-sensing inhibitor combination therapy)
- Combination of quorum-sensing inhibitors with antibiotics
- Immunotherapy as quorum-quenching agent
- Quorum-sensing inhibitor molecules as nutritional supplements
- Social cheaters as therapy
- Is there resistance to quorum-sensing inhibitors?
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- Conflict of interest
- Author contributions
- References
- 13 Microbial adaptations in extreme environmental conditions
- Introduction
- Mechanism of adaptation of extremophiles
- Thermophiles
- Psychrophiles
- Acidophiles
- Halophiles
- Alkaliphiles
- Piezophiles
- Radiophiles
- Xerophiles
- Applications of extremophiles/extremozymes
- Conclusion
- References
- 14 Adaptation strategies of piezophilic microbes
- Introduction
- Effects of pressure on microbial cells and macromolecules
- Effect on the nucleic acids
- Effect on proteins.
- Effect on membrane lipids
- Effect on the cells
- Effect on microbial motility
- Adaptation mechanisms in the piezophiles
- Genome
- Protein
- Membrane modification
- Metabolic adaptation
- Biotechnological applications
- Conclusion
- References
- 15 Survival and adaptation strategies of microorganisms in the extreme radiation
- Introduction
- Radiation and radio-resistance
- Role of ions in the radiation resistance
- DNA repair for the radiation survival
- Production of mycosporine-like amino acids
- Scytonemin biosynthesis and UV neutralization
- Bacterioruberin
- Radiation resistance in D. radiodurans
- Radiation resistance in eukaryotes
- Conclusion
- References
- 16 Adaptation strategies of thermophilic microbes
- Introduction
- Taxonomical diversity
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
- Effect of temperature on microbial cells
- Adaptation mechanism of thermophiles
- Modification of cell membrane
- Protein modification
- Genomic modification
- Modification of DNA and RNA
- Application of thermophiles and their enzymes
- Role in bioremediation
- Role in biotransformation
- Role in bioproduction
- Role in the medical field
- Conclusion
- References
- Index
- Back Cover.