Energy aspects of acoustic cavitation and sonochemistry : fundamentals and engineering /

"Covers topics ranging from fundamental modeling to up-scaled experiments. The book relates acoustic cavitation and its intrinsic energy balance to macroscopic physical and chemical events that are analyzed from an energetic perspective. Outcomes are directly projected into practical applicatio...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors:	Hamdaoui, Oualid (Editor), Kerboua, Kaouther (Editor)
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier, [2022]
Subjects:	Ultrasonics. Cavitation. Sonochemistry. Sonication. Energy transfer. Sonication Energy Transfer Ultrasons. Sonochimie. Sonification. Transfert d'énergie. ultrasound. Cavitation Sonochemistry Ultrasonics Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Intro
Half title
Title
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Part I The single acoustic cavitation bubble as an energetic system: qualitative and quantitative assessments
Chapter 1 Single acoustic cavitation bubble and energy concentration concept
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Single acoustic cavitation bubble: Thermodynamic aspects of inception and growth, and dynamics of bubble oscillation
1.2.1 Bubble inception, growth and dynamics of oscillation
1.2.2 Thresholds
1.2.3 Dynamics of bubble oscillation
1.3 The hot spot theory
1.4 Thermodynamics of acoustic cavitation bubble and energy balance
1.4.1 Polytropic model
1.4.2 Energetics of sonochemistry
1.4.3 Mass diffusion
1.4.4 Nonequilibrium of evaporation and condensation
1.4.5 Conduction
1.4.6 Convection
1.5 Energy concentration concept
1.5.1 Acoustic energy
1.5.2 Acoustic radiation as a source of cavitation
1.5.3 Acoustic radiation from collapsing bubble
1.5.4 Energy concentration
1.6 Engineering outcomes
References
Chapter 2 The energy forms and energy conversion
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Theoretical background
2.3 Energetic evolution of an oscillating bubble
2.4 Influence of acoustical conditions
2.5 Energy analysis as function of initial bubble size
2.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3 Physical effects and associated energy release
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The theoretical approach of the propagation of an acoustic wave in a liquid medium, and acoustic streaming
3.2.1 Propagation of an ultrasonic wave in a liquid medium
3.2.2 Acoustic streaming
3.3 The theoretical approach of the oscillation of acoustic cavitation bubbles and its associated physical effects
3.3.1 The energetic mechanism of bubble inception, oscillation, and collapse.
3.3.2 The physical effects associated with acoustic cavitation bubbles
3.4 Energetic outcomes: Macroscopic dissipation of acoustic energy
3.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Sonochemical reactions, when, where and how: Modelling approach
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The governing equations
4.2.1 State-of-the-art reaction mechanism of an oxygen bubble
4.2.2 The complete bubble model
4.3 Numerical technique and the investigated parameter space
4.4 Chemical yield of a single bubble
4.5 Energy efficiency considerations
4.6 Discussion and summary
References
Chapter 5 Sonochemical reactions, when, where and how: Experimental approach
5.1 When do the sonochemical reactions take place?
5.2 Where and how do sonochemical reactions take place?
5.2.1 In the gas phase of collapsing bubbles
5.2.2 At the interfacial region surrounding collapsing bubbles
5.2.3 In the bulk solution
5.3 Techniques for ultrasonic cavitation observation and measurement
5.3.1 Sonoluminescence (SL)
5.3.2 Tube arrest method
5.3.3 Color Doppler ultrasound imaging
5.3.4 Quantify acoustic bulk cavitation in multiple bubble system
5.3.5 Micro-PIV method
5.4 Application of sonochemical reactions
5.4.1 US/persulfate system
5.4.2 US/permanganate system
5.4.3 US/Fenton system
5.4.4 US/O3 system
5.4.5 US/electrochemistry system
5.4.6 US/UV system
5.5 Conclusions and perspective
References
Part II The bubble population: an analytic view into mutual forces and allied energy exchange
Chapter 6 The Bjerknes forces and acoustic radiation energy
6.1 Acoustic radiation force in a plane traveling wave field
6.2 Bjerknes forces
6.2.1 Primary Bjerknes force
6.2.2 Secondary Bjerknes force
6.3 Experimental aspects of determining acoustic radiation energy.
6.3.1 Acoustic dosimetry based on radiation force measurement
6.3.2 Acoustic radiation force in the near field
6.3.3 Measurement of acoustic radiation energy from a liquid of multibubbles
6.3.4 Interpretation of acoustic energy spectra from multibubble cavitation
6.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Nonlinear oscillations and resonances of the acoustic bubble and the mechanisms of energy dissipation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The bubble model
7.2.1 Thermal effects
7.3 Scattered pressure by bubbles
7.4 Various regimes of complex bubble oscillations
7.5 Damping constants for the linear regime of oscillations
7.6 Nonlinear resonances of the bubble oscillator
7.7 Nonlinear bubble behavior analysis
7.7.1 Poincaré section
7.7.2 Method of maxima
7.7.3 Final construction
7.8 Nonlinear dissipation terms
7.8.1 Nonlinear dissipation terms of the uncoated free bubble
7.9 Bifurcation structure and the nonlinear dissipations of the bubble
7.10 Summarizing points and discussion
7.11 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 8 Damping mechanisms of oscillating gas/vapor bubbles in liquids
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Bubble wall motion equation
8.2.1 Prosperetti-Lezzi equation
8.2.2 Gilmore equation
8.2.3 Keller-Miksis equation
8.2.4 Herring equation
8.2.5 Rayleigh-Plesset equation
8.3 Linear oscillations of gas bubbles
8.3.1 Bubble wall motion equation with thermal effects
8.3.2 Linearization process
8.3.3 Damping constants
8.4 Thermal effects and thermal damping
8.4.1 Basic equations
8.4.2 Solutions for the nonuniform pressure inside bubble
8.4.3 Solutions for the uniform pressure inside bubble
8.5 Effects of liquid compressibility and acoustic damping
8.6 Total damping constants and comparisons of damping mechanisms
8.7 Damping mechanisms of vapor bubbles.
8.7.1 Basic equations
8.7.2 Linear oscillations
8.7.3 Effects of mass transfer
8.8 Wave propagation in the liquids containing bubbles
8.8.1 Basic equations
8.8.2 Wave speed and attenuation
8.9 Nonlinear oscillations of bubbles
8.9.1 Comparisons of the viscous and acoustic damping mechanisms
8.9.2 Comparisons of predictions by different bubble wall motion equations
8.10 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 9 Energy controlling mechanisms: Relationship with operational conditions
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Model description
9.3 Chemical activity in single bubble and multibubble systems
9.4 Energy variation of a multibubble system
9.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Part III Ultrasound assisted processes, sonochemical reactors and energy efficiency
Chapter 10 Efficiency assessment and mapping of cavitational activities in sonochemical reactors
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Types, classification and working principle of the sonochemical reactors
10.3 Overview of cavitational activities in the sonochemical reactors
10.3.1 Spatial and temporal distribution (mapping activities and bubble dynamics studies)
10.3.2 Active and passive cavitational zones
10.3.3 Effect of operating parameters on distribution of cavitational activities
10.3.4 Challenges in efficient design and operation of sonochemical reactors
10.4 Efficiency assessment and mapping of cavitational activities in sonochemical reactors
10.4.1 Efficiency assessment
10.4.2 Overview of techniques for quantifying cavitational activity distribution
10.4.3 Experimental techniques
10.4.4 Numerical investigations
10.5 Case study
10.5.1 Experimental setup
10.5.2 Measurements of Iodine liberated in reactor
10.5.3 Quantification of local pressure field by wave equation.
10.5.4 Bubble dynamics studies
10.5.5 Observations
10.6 Outlook and path forward
References
Chapter 11 Sources of dissipation: An outlook into the effects of operational conditions
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Theoretical approaches
11.3 Formation of extreme conditions in reactions
11.3.1 Sonochemical reaction sites
11.3.2 Definition of "cavitation treshold"
11.4 Transducers
11.5 Signals
11.6 Effects of operational parameters
11.6.1 The primary parameters
11.6.2 Secondary parameters
11.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Mechanistic issues of energy efficiency of an ultrasonic process: Role of free and dissolved gas
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Experimental summary
12.3 The mathematical model
12.3.1 Determining the acoustic impedance
12.3.2 Acoustic wave propagation in bubbly liquids
12.3.3 Cavitation nucleation and bubble dynamics
12.3.4 Rectified diffusion
12.4 Results and resasoning
12.4.1 Interpretation of the spectral characteristics
12.4.2 Radial motion of the bubbles
12.4.3 Analysis of the spectral characteristics of acoustic emission
12.5 Overview
12.6 Case studies of ultrasonic processes based on energy transformation analysis
12.7 Intensification of wet textile treatment
12.8 Case study 2: Weissler reaction
References
CHAPTER 13 Simulation of sonoreators accounting for dissipated power
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Linear acoustics
13.2.1 Energetics of nondissipative linear acoustics
13.2.2 Energetics of dissipative linear acoustics
13.3 Sound propagation accounting for cavitation
13.3.1 The Caflisch model
13.3.2 Linear case
13.3.3 Energy formulation
13.3.4 Energy dissipation functions
13.3.5 A reduced model (Louisnard, 2012)
13.3.6 Summary of the cavitating liquid model
13.4 Acoustics of solid parts and piezo-electrics.