Hemodynamics and cardiology : neonatology questions and controversies /
| Uniform Title: | Hemodynamics and cardiology (Online) |
|---|---|
| Corporate Author: | |
| Other Authors: | , |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Philadelphia, PA :
Elsevier, Inc.,
[2019]
|
| Edition: | Third edition. |
| Series: | Neonatology questions and controversies.
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to the full text of this electronic book |
Table of Contents:
- Front Cover
- IFC
- HEMODYNAMICS AND CARDIOLOGY: Neonatology Questions and Controversies
- Series Page
- HEMODYNAMICS AND CARDIOLOGY: Neonatology Questions and Controversies
- Copyright
- Contributors
- Preface
- Series Foreword
- Contents
- A
- Developmental Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
- 1
- Principles of Developmental Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
- Principles of Developmental Physiology
- Fetal Circulation
- Transitional Physiology
- Postnatal Circulation
- Pressure, Flow, and Resistance
- Organ Blood Flow Distribution
- Microcirculatory Physiology (see Chapter 19)
- Myocardial Function-Developmental Aspects
- Developmental Cardiovascular Pathophysiology: Etiology and Pathophysiology of Neonatal Shock
- Definition and Phases of Shock
- Etiology of Neonatal Shock
- Hypovolemia
- Myocardial Dysfunction (see Chapter 26)
- Vasodilation
- Adrenal Insufficiency (see Chapter 30)
- Downregulation of Adrenergic Receptors
- Summary
- REFERENCES
- 2
- Vascular Regulation of Blood Flow to Organs in the Preterm and Term Neonate
- Regulation of Arterial Tone
- The Role of Conduit Arteries in Regulating Vascular Resistance
- Arterial Reaction to Pressure (Autoregulation)
- Interaction of Autoregulation and Hypoxic Vasodilatation
- Interaction of Autoregulation and Pco2
- Interaction of Autoregulation and Functional Activation (Metabolic Blood Flow Control)
- Flow-Mediated Vasodilatation
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Humoral Factors in General Circulation
- Blood Flow to the Brain
- Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow in the Immature Brain
- Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Cerebral Blood Flow
- Metabolic Control of Blood Flow to the Brain
- Adrenergic Mechanisms Affecting Cerebral Blood Flow
- Effect of Medications on Cerebral Blood Flow
- Ischemic Thresholds in the Brain.
- Blood Flow to Other Organs
- Kidney
- Liver
- Stomach and Intestines
- Distribution of Cardiac Output in the Healthy Human Neonate
- Blood Flow to the Upper Part of the Body
- Blood Flow to the Lower Part of the Body
- Mechanisms Governing the Redistribution of Cardiac Output in the Fetal "Diving" Reflex
- Aerobic Diving
- Reactions to Hypoxia
- Modifying Effects
- Distribution of Cardiac Output in the Shocked Newborn
- The Term Neonate With Low Cardiac Output
- The Very Preterm Neonate During Immediate Postnatal Adaptation
- Other Scenarios
- REFERENCES
- 3
- Definition of Normal Blood Pressure Range: The Elusive Target
- Measuring Blood Pressure
- Blood Pressure Standards
- Clinical Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
- Antenatal Steroids
- Placental Transfusion
- Respiratory Support
- Blood Pressure and Short- and Long-Term Outcomes
- Bedside Clinical Assessment and Hemodynamic Monitoring
- Conclusion
- REFERENCES
- B
- Hemodynamic Principles of Postnatal Transition
- 4
- Cardiorespiratory Effects of Delayed Cord Clamping
- The Transition to Newborn Life
- Airway Liquid Clearance
- Increase in Pulmonary Blood Flow at Birth in Response to Lung Aeration
- The Cardiovascular Transition at Birth: Effect of Umbilical Cord Clamping
- Neonatal Cardiovascular Responses to Umbilical Cord Clamping
- Neonatal Cardiovascular Consequences of Umbilical Cord Milking
- Placental Transfusion During Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping
- Potential Mechanisms for Placental Blood Transfusion
- Gravity and Uterine Contraction
- Increase in Pulmonary Blood Flow at Birth
- Vaginal Birth
- Clinical Effects of Delayed/Deferred Umbilical Cord Clamping
- Potential Mechanisms of Benefit: Transfusion Versus Timing
- Determinants of the Placental Transfusion
- Time
- Position/Gravity
- Contractions/Oxytocics
- Mode of Delivery.
- Umbilical Blood Vessel Patency
- Breathing/Crying
- Prevention of Hypotension/Low Systemic Blood Flow
- Less Intervention at Birth: Resuscitation Versus Transitioning
- Physiologically Based Cord Clamping
- Conclusions
- REFERENCES
- 5
- Hemodynamic Significance and Clinical Relevance of Delayed Cord Clamping and Umbilical Cord Milking
- Transitional Physiology and Animal Studies of Delayed Cord Clamping and Umbilical Cord Milking
- Cardiovascular Effects of Delayed Cord Clamping and Umbilical Cord Milking in the Delivery Room
- Hemodynamic Measurements in the First Hours After Birth Following Delayed Cord Clamping and Umbilical Cord Milking
- Neonatal Blood Volume After Delayed Cord Clamping and Umbilical Cord Milking
- Long-Term Outcomes and Mortality After Delayed Cord Clamping and Umbilical Cord Milking
- Conclusions and Future Directions
- REFERENCES
- 6
- Transitional Hemodynamics and Pathophysiology of Peri/Intraventricular Hemorrhage
- Fetal and Transitional Circulation
- Cerebral Blood Flow
- Normal Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow
- Cerebral Blood Flow and Peri/Intraventricular Hemorrhage
- Vulnerabilities of Preterm Infants During Transition
- Inherent Vulnerability of the Immature Brain
- Immature Myocardium
- Hypovolemia and Timing of Cord Clamping
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Hypotension
- Cardiorespiratory Interaction
- Hypocapnia and Hypercapnia
- Conclusions
- REFERENCES
- 7
- The Immature Autonomic Nervous System, Hemodynamic Regulation, and Brain Injury in the Preterm Neonate
- Magnitude of the Problem
- Hemodynamic Vulnerability in Premature Infants
- The Premature Autonomic Nervous System
- The Premature Cardiovascular System
- Cerebral Hemodynamic Control in Premature Infants
- Evidence for an Association Between Systemic Hemodynamic Disturbances and Prematurity-Related Brain Injury.
- Resolving the Relationship Between Systemic Hemodynamics and Prematurity-Related Brain Injury: Obstacles to Progress
- Measurement of Relevant Hemodynamic and Metabolic Indices
- Potential for "Dysmaturation" of the Autonomic Nervous System in Premature Newborns
- Conclusion
- REFERENCES
- 8
- Pathophysiology of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn-Cellular Basis and Lessons from Animal Studies
- Physiology of the Fetal Circulation
- Low Placental Vascular Resistance
- High Fetal Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
- Transition at Birth
- Animal Models of Pulmonary Hypertension in the Newborn
- Antenatal Ductal Ligation Model in Sheep With Reduced Pulmonary Blood Flow
- Cellular and Biochemical Changes
- Aortopulmonary Graft With Pulmonary Overcirculation
- Cellular and Biochemical Changes
- Drug Induced Pulmonary Hypertension
- Meconium Aspiration Model
- Chronic Hypoxia
- Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats
- Intrauterine Growth Restriction
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
- Fetal Surgical Model in Lambs
- Cellular and Biochemical Changes
- Nitrofen Model in Rats
- Cellular and Biochemical Abnormalities
- Medications in Pregnancy and Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn: Cellular Basis
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
- Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
- Antenatal Betamethasone
- Free Radicals in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
- Oxidative Stress
- Reactive Nitrogen Species
- Pathological Vascular Remodeling in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
- Cellular and Biochemical Basis of Various Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn Therapies
- Oxygen
- Human Data on Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction
- Inhaled Nitric Oxide
- Attenuating Inactivation of Inhaled Nitric Oxide by Superoxide.
- Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulators and Activators (see Fig. 8.9)
- Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 5
- Hydrocortisone
- Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 3
- Cellular Basis for Emerging Therapies
- L-citrulline
- Rho-kinase inhibitors
- Stem Cell Therapies
- Conclusion
- Founding Sources
- REFERENCES
- 9
- Pathophysiologically Based Management of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
- Pathophysiology, Hemodynamics and Treatment Targets
- Principles of Management of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
- Supportive Care
- Mechanical Ventilation and Surfactant
- Vasodilator Therapy in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
- Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
- Inhaled Nitric Oxide
- Role of Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Preterm Oxygenation Failure
- Weaning Inhaled Nitric Oxide
- Other Pulmonary/Systemic Vasodilators
- Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors
- Phosphodiesterase-3 Inhibitors
- Prostaglandins
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
- Magnesium Sulfate
- Utilizing Pathophysiology to Guide the Use of Vasodilators in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
- Vasopressor Therapy in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
- Using Pathophysiology to Guide Use of Vasopressors in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
- Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
- Conclusions
- REFERENCES
- C
- Diagnosis of Neonatal Cardiovascular Compromise: Methods and Their Clinical Applications
- C1
- Assessment of Systemic Blood Flow and Cardiac Function: Ultrasound
- 10
- Point of Care Ultrasound in the Assessment of the Neonatal Cardiovascular System
- Politics of Ultrasound
- What's in a Name?
- Training and Accreditation in Point of Care Ultrasound
- Using Physiology to Target Treatment
- Uses of Point of Care Ultrasound in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.