http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
bioremediation, biomass, biofuels and bioproducts
Algae and Aquatic Macrophytes in Cities: Bioremediation, Biomass, Biofuels and Bioproducts introduces the concept of using the natural ability of plants such as algae and aquatic macrophytes to remediate pollutants from water. The book provides scientists with a green, economical and successful option when tackling rising water pollution. The book's chapters cover a range of areas, including bioremediation, biomass, biofuels and bioproducts during the remediation of polluted water systems. It draws together research from eminent scientists from across the globe and includes case studies to help researchers, students, scientists, stakeholders, policymakers and environmentalists understand and perform their research with greater ease.
Intro -- Algae and Aquatic Macrophytes in Cities: Bioremediation, Biomass, Biofuels and Bioproducts -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editor -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Section I: Aquatic pollution and bioremediation -- Chapter 1: Cities water pollution-Challenges and controls -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Water pollution -- 2.1. Emerging contaminants -- 3. Categories of water pollution -- 3.1. Groundwater -- 3.2. Surface water -- 3.3. Ocean water -- 4. Impact of water pollution -- 4.1. Human health -- 4.2. Ecosystems -- 4.3. Economic loss -- 5. Socio-economic and environmental challenges -- 6. Water pollution control -- 7. Water quality and UN-sustainable development goals -- 8. Law, policies, and management action -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Aquatic pollution and wastewater treatment system -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Bibliometric survey in SCOPUS database -- 3. Sources of wastewater -- 3.1. Domestic wastewater -- 3.2. Agricultural drainage water -- 3.3. Industrial effluents -- 3.4. Stormwater -- 4. Pollution in aquatic species -- 5. Wastewater treatment technologies -- 5.1. Natural-based treatment -- 5.1.1. Wetland and phytoremediation -- 5.1.2. Waste stabilization pond -- 5.2. Engineering-based treatment -- 5.2.1. Activated sludge -- 5.2.2. Trickling filter (biofilter) -- 5.2.3. Rotating biological contactors (RBCs) -- 5.2.4. Anaerobic digester -- 5.2.5. Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor -- 5.2.6. Microalgae phycoremediation systems -- 6. Conclusions and recommendations -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 3: Integrated phytoremediation approaches for abatement of aquatic pollution and element recovery -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Aquatic pollution and pollutants -- 2.1. Organic pollutant -- 2.2. Inorganic pollutant -- 3. Phytoremediation.
4. Pollutant removal mechanism by aquatic plants -- 4.1. Phytoextraction -- 4.2. Phytostabilization -- 4.3. Phytotransformation -- 4.4. Phytovolatilization -- 4.5. Rhizofiltration -- 4.6. Hydraulic barrier -- 5. Application of macrophytes for the aquatic pollution abatement -- 6. Application of algal technologies for aquatic pollution abatement -- 7. Major geo-environmental factors affecting phytoremediation -- 8. Integrating phytoremediation with energy and element recovery -- 8.1. Biomass utilization -- 8.2. Element recovery -- 9. The future prospect of integrated phytoremediation -- 10. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Algae-based low-cost strategy for wastewater treatment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Toxic metal ions as pollutants in wastewater -- 3. Biosorption as a method of heavy metal ions removal from wastewater -- 4. Macroalgae as a biosorbent used in wastewater treatment -- 5. Utilization of the metal-loaded biomass -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5: Aquatic macrophytes and algae in textile wastewater treatment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overview of textile industry -- 3. Nature and characteristics of textile wastewater -- 4. Textile wastewater treatment processes -- 5. Role of algae in textile wastewater treatment -- 6. Role of aquatic macrophytes in textile wastewater treatment -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Prospects of carbon capture and carbon sequestration using microalgae and macrophytes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Global carbon cycle -- 3. Necessity of sequestering carbon -- 4. Carbon sequestration using microalgae -- 4.1. Atmospheric carbon capture through photosynthesis -- 4.2. Industrial flue gas carbon capture -- 4.3. CO2 tolerance of microalgae -- 4.4. Cultivation methods for CO2 fixation -- 4.4.1. Open pond system -- 4.4.2. Closed bioreactor system.
4.4.3. Cultivation environment condition -- 5. Carbon sequestration using macrophytes -- 5.1. Carbon utilization through photosynthesis -- 5.2. Carbon sequestration through wetland macrophytes -- 5.3. Carbon sequestration through seaweeds (macroalgae) -- 5.4. Carbon concentrating mechanism -- 5.4.1. Mechanism of C4 metabolism in macrophytes -- 5.4.2. Mechanism of CAM metabolism in macrophytes -- 6. Direct carbon sequestration in soil using pyrolytic product -- 7. Future prospects and conclusion -- References -- Section II: Biomass and biofuels -- Chapter 7: Recent advancements in bioflocculation of microalgae for bioenergy applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Bioflocculation -- 2.1. Fungi assisted bioflocculation -- 2.2. Bacteria assisted flocculation -- 2.3. Algal-algal bioflocculation -- 2.4. Biologically derived flocculants -- 3. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Algal biomass pretreatment and developments for better biofuel production -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Challenges to algae-to-biofuel conversion efficiency -- 3. Algal biomass pretreatment strategies -- 3.1. Conventional pretreatment techniques -- 3.1.1. Physical pretreatment -- 3.1.2. Chemical pretreatment -- 3.1.3. Biological pretreatment -- 3.1.4. Combined pretreatment -- 3.2. Emerging pretreatment techniques -- 3.2.1. Electrophysical pretreatment -- 3.2.2. Nanoparticles-based pretreatment -- 3.2.3. Phytohormones-based pretreatment -- 3.2.4. Freezing and thawing cycles -- 4. Developments in algal biomass to biofuels -- 4.1. Genetic engineering for algae biofuels -- 4.2. Algae biofuels for aviation -- 5. Conclusions and perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9: Opportunities and challenges in algal biofuel -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Economic, environmental, and social challenges and opportunities -- 2.1. Challenges to macroalgal biomass production.
2.2. Challenges to microalgal biomass production -- 2.2.1. Biomass production in wastewater with bioelectricity generation -- 2.3. Potential biofuel -- 2.3.1. Biodiesel -- 2.3.2. Bioethanol -- 2.3.3. Biogas -- 2.3.4. Biohydrogen -- 2.3.5. Bio-oil -- 2.3.6. Biokerosene -- 3. Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 10: Biogas production from aquatic biomass -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Anaerobic digestion process -- 2.1. Stages of the anaerobic digestion process -- 2.1.1. Hydrolysis -- 2.1.2. Acidogenesis -- 2.1.3. Acetogenesis -- 2.1.4. Methanogenesis -- 2.2. Mass flow of anaerobic digestion of the aquatic biomass -- 2.3. Microbiology of anaerobic digestion -- 2.4. Enzymatic reactions in anaerobic digestion -- 3. Operational parameters -- 3.1. Oxygen -- 3.2. pH -- 3.3. Total solid and volatile solid contents of substrate and digestate -- 3.4. Volatile fatty acids -- 3.5. Volatile organic acids/total inorganic carbon -- 3.6. Biogas amount and biogas content -- 3.7. Inhibition parameters -- 3.7.1. Ammonia -- 3.7.2. Sulfide -- 3.7.3. Light and heavy metals -- 3.7.4. Organics -- 3.8. Monitoring and control of the biogas plants -- 4. Design of the anaerobic digestion process -- 4.1. Design of the feeding -- 4.1.1. Substrate types -- 4.1.2. Batch, semicontinuous, and continuous -- 4.1.3. Nutrients and trace elements -- 4.1.4. Hydraulic retention time -- 4.1.5. Organic loading rate -- 4.2. Reactor type -- 4.2.1. One stage/two stages -- 4.2.2. Dry or wet anaerobic digestion -- 4.2.3. Biogas storage and treatment -- 4.3. Determination of digester temperature -- 4.4. Agitation system -- 5. Current developments for biogas production from aquatic biomass -- 5.1. Biogas production from microalgae -- 5.2. Biogas production from Macrophytes -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Section III: Bioproducts.
Chapter 11: Recent advances in the production of nutritional products from algal biomass -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Evolution of algae as food -- 3. Algal biotechnology focusing on nutraceutical production -- 4. Nutritional components of algae as food ingredients -- 4.1. Polysaccharides -- 4.1.1. Carrageenan -- 4.1.2. Agar -- 4.1.3. Alginate -- 4.1.4. Fucoidan -- 4.2. Protein and amino acids -- 4.3. Pigments -- 4.4. Lipids -- 5. Processing of algal biomass for nutraceutical development -- 5.1. Preparation and pretreatment of algal biomass -- 5.2. Innovative extraction techniques -- 5.2.1. Sequential extraction -- 5.2.2. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using CO2 and cosolvent -- 5.2.3. Ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) -- 5.2.4. Green ultra-high-pressure extraction (green-UHPE) -- 5.2.5. Multiextraction (enzymatic and alkaline) -- 5.2.6. Compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction process (CPHE) -- 5.2.7. Pulsed electric fields (PEF) system -- 6. Fortification of algal components into food products and its applications -- 6.1. Dairy products -- 6.2. Bakery products -- 6.3. Meat and seafood processing -- 6.4. Other products -- 7. Food regulations for algal food additives -- 8. Market potential of algal nutraceuticals -- 9. Challenges in algal nutraceutical product development and commercialization -- 10. Future prospects -- 11. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Web references -- Chapter 12: Obtaining commodity chemicals by bio-refining of algal biomass -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Lipid fraction from microalgal biomass -- 3. Carbohydrate fraction from microalgal biomass -- 4. Protein fraction from microalgal biomass -- 5. Pigments from microalgal biomass -- 6. Bio-refinery of microalgal biomass -- 7. Challenges and future prospect of microalgal bio-refinery -- 8. Conclusion -- References.
Includes bibliographical references and index.