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Development in wastewater treatment research and processes
microbial ecology, diversity and functions of ammonia oxidizing bacteria
1 online resource : illustrations (some color)
Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes: Microbial Ecology, Diversity and Functions of Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria covers up-to-date research on ammonia oxidizing bacteria and their application for the removal of ammonia nitrogen from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), discussing remaining gaps in their biology and functions. In this sense, this book features the application of the newly developed omics tools in order to develop less energy intensive and cost-effective biological processes for nitrogen removal from WWTPs. This makes this book an essential and unique book for advanced students, research scientists, environmental agencies and industries involved in wastewater treatment.
Intro -- Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes: Microbial Ecology, Diversity, and Functions of Ammonia-Oxidizi ... -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Anammox process: An innovative approach and a promising technology -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Mechanism of anammox process -- 1.3. Role of microorganisms in anammox -- 1.4. Role of various parameters on anammox -- 1.4.1. Ammonium -- 1.4.2. Nitrite -- 1.4.3. Organic matter -- 1.5. The limitations and solutions of the anammox system -- 1.6. Conclusion -- Conflict of interest -- References -- Chapter 2: Abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in industrial wastewater treatment systems -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Key enzymes involved -- 2.3. Physiology and cellular structure -- 2.3.1. Physiology of AOA -- 2.3.1.1. Kinetics stoichiometry of ammonia oxidation -- 2.3.2. Physiology of AOB -- 2.4. Diversity in WWTPs -- 2.4.1. Diversity of AOA -- 2.4.2. Diversity of AOB -- 2.5. Mechanism of action of AOA and AOB -- 2.5.1. Mechanism of AOA -- 2.5.2. Mechanism of AOB -- 2.6. Competition and symbiotic relationships between AOMs -- 2.7. AOA at low DO or in special WWTPs -- 2.8. Factors influencing AOB abundance and diversity -- 2.8.1. Ammonia levels -- 2.8.2. FNA and nitrite -- 2.8.3. Process conditions and regime -- 2.9. Quantification techniques -- 2.9.1. DNA extraction -- 2.9.2. Quantitative PCR and reverse transcriptional qPCR -- 2.9.3. High throughput sequencing -- 2.9.4. Phylogenetic analysis -- 2.10. Environmental factors affecting AOA and AOB -- 2.10.1. Ammonia concentration -- 2.10.2. Temperature -- 2.10.3. Oxygen and aeration pressure -- 2.10.4. Organic loading -- 2.10.5. Salinity -- 2.10.6. DO -- 2.10.7. Sulfide -- 2.11. Future perspectives -- 2.12. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Autotrophic nitrification in bacteria -- 3.1. Introduction.
3.2. Symbiotic nitrogen fixers -- 3.2.1. Molecular mechanism of endosymbionts -- 3.2.2. Molecular mechanism of nodule formation -- 3.2.3. Mechanism of exchange of nutrients and nitrogen -- 3.3. Events of nitrogen fixation -- 3.3.1. Nitrification -- 3.3.2. Nitrate and nitrite synthesis during nitrification -- 3.3.3. Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase -- 3.3.4. Nitrous oxide production during nitrification -- 3.4. Genetic regulation of nitrogen fixation -- 3.5. Understanding the balance between Photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation -- 3.5.1. Nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria -- 3.5.2. Nitrogen fixation by rhizobia -- 3.5.2.1. Nitrogenase and its mode of action -- 3.5.3. Role of abiotic factors in BNF -- 3.6. Conclusion and future aspect -- References -- Chapter 4: Omics: A revolutionary tool to study ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and their application in bioremediation -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Chemolitho-autotrophic ammonia oxidation -- 4.3. Role of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in nitrogen cycling -- 4.4. Commercial significance and application of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria -- 4.5. Difficulties associated with nitrification and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria -- 4.6. Isolation of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria from the environment -- 4.7. Cultivation of new ammonia oxidizers -- 4.8. Genomics and metabolic models -- 4.9. Terminology of environmental proteomics -- 4.10. Microbial culture proteomic studies techniques -- 4.11. Potential applications of environmental proteomics -- 4.12. Enzymology of ammonia-oxidation -- 4.13. Ammonia-oxidizers in the environment and production of N2O -- 4.14. Remediation of recalcitrant pollutants -- 4.15. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Emission of nitrous oxide -- 5.2.1. Potential sources -- 5.2.2. Yield -- 5.3. Niche differentiation -- 5.3.1. Oligotrophy.
5.3.2. pH -- 5.4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Aerobic and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria -- 6.2.1. Ecology -- 6.2.2. Environmental regulators of ammonia oxidation -- 6.2.3. Strategic functional, anatomical, and biological differentiations among ammonia oxidizers -- 6.3. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria -- 6.3.1. Ecology -- 6.3.1.1. Geographical distribution -- 6.3.1.2. Geochemical importance and important environmental constituents -- 6.3.2. Physiology of anammox bacteria -- 6.4. Microbial interactions and their contribution to enhanced nitrogen removal -- 6.5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Recent advances in biological nitrogen removal from wastewater: Special focus on reactor configuration and nan ... -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Chemolithotrophs and their diversity -- 7.2.1. Obligate chemolithotroph bacteria -- 7.2.2. Facultative chemolithotroph bacteria -- 7.2.3. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria -- 7.2.4. Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria -- 7.2.5. Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria -- 7.2.6. Methane-oxidizing bacteria or methanotrophs -- 7.2.7. Ferrous-oxidizing bacteria -- 7.2.8. Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria -- 7.3. BNR technologies for wastewater treatment -- 7.3.1. Nitrification/denitrification -- 7.3.2. Nitritation/denitritation -- 7.3.3. Sidestream partial nitritation/anammox -- 7.3.4. Mainstream partial nitritation/anammox -- 7.3.5. Nitrogen recovery -- 7.3.6. Phototrophic systems -- 7.3.7. Microbial electrochemical cells -- 7.4. Advances in the nitrification process -- 7.4.1. Sequencing batch reactor -- 7.4.2. Activated sludge models -- 7.5. Effect of nanomaterials on microbial nitro-transformation -- 7.6. Conclusion and future perspective -- References -- Chapter 8: Diversity of nitrogen-removing microorganisms -- 8.1. Introduction.
8.2. Nitrogen removal by microorganisms that use sulfur compounds as electron donor -- 8.2.1. Autotrophic denitrifying sulfur-oxidizing bacteria -- 8.2.2. Growth conditions of ADSOB -- 8.2.3. Metabolic pathways involved in sulfur compound oxidation -- 8.2.4. Molecular tools for assessing microbial diversity in SDAD processes -- 8.2.5. Technologies used to carry out the SDAD process to treat wastewaters -- 8.2.6. Relevant operating conditions in the SDAD process to treat wastewaters -- 8.2.7. Projections of using the SDAD process to remove nitrogen in wastewaters -- 8.3. Nitrogen removal by microorganisms that use hydrogen as electron donor: Hydrogenotrophic denitrification -- 8.3.1. Nitrate removal pathway and hydrogen as electron donor -- 8.3.2. Microorganisms and microbial community involved in the process -- 8.3.3. Basis of operational conditions -- 8.3.4. Possibilities and available technologies for large-scale application -- 8.4. Nitrogen removal by anaerobic nitrate-dependent methanotrophic microorganisms -- 8.4.1. Nitrogen removal pathways and ecosystem distribution of the different types of microorganisms -- 8.4.2. Activity and factors affecting the enrichment of these microorganisms -- 8.4.3. Molecular tools for assessing microbial diversity -- 8.4.4. Application possibilities in sewage and industrial wastewater treatment plants-Main operating conditions description -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9: An overview of the anammox process -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. The evolution of anammox reaction stoichiometry -- 9.3. The existing problems and countermeasures for anammox process application -- 9.3.1. The rapid start-up and recovery of anammox-based process -- 9.3.2. The retention of anammox sludge in the reactor -- 9.3.3. The further improvement of NRE -- 9.4. The status of several main anammox-related processes.
9.4.1. Nitritation process -- 9.4.2. Pure anammox process -- 9.4.3. PNA process -- 9.4.3.1. One-stage PNA and two-stage PNA -- 9.4.3.2. The comparison of the one-stage and two-stage PNA process -- 9.4.4. Simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery process -- 9.4.5. Denitratation/anammox process -- 9.4.6. DAMO/anammox process -- 9.5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Aerobic and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: A resilient challenger or innate collaborator -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Physiology and ecology of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria -- 10.2.1. Ecology of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria -- 10.2.2. Physiology of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria -- 10.2.3. Biodiversity of aerobic and anaerobic oxidizing bacteria -- 10.2.4. Species diversity -- 10.3. Factors affecting aerobic and anaerobic oxidizing bacteria -- 10.3.1. Ammonia levels -- 10.3.2. Organic carbon -- 10.3.3. Temperature -- 10.3.4. Salinity -- 10.3.5. DO levels -- 10.3.6. pH -- 10.3.7. Sulfide levels -- 10.3.8. Phosphate -- 10.4. Role of aerobic and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in wastewater treatment plants -- 10.5. Application of anammox in wastewater treatment -- 10.5.1. Advantages -- 10.5.2. Disadvantages -- 10.6. Ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms: Key players in the promotion of plant growth -- 10.6.1. Autotrophic nitrification -- 10.6.2. Heterotrophic nitrification -- 10.6.3. Diversity of ammonia oxidizers -- 10.7. Mechanism of ammonia oxidation by ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms -- 10.8. Function and activity of ammonia-oxidizing microbes in different soil types -- 10.8.1. pH -- 10.8.2. Bioavailability of nutrients -- 10.8.3. Temperature -- 10.8.4. Soil water content -- 10.9. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: A technique to boost the nitrogen-rich agricultural ecosystems efficiency by anaerobic ammonium oxidation (an ... -- 11.1. Introduction.
edited by Maulin P. Shah, Susana Rodriguez-Couto.
Includes bibliographical references and index.