Cover Image

Seismic imaging methods and applications for oil and gas exploration /

Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Bashir, Yasir
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2022.
Subjects:
Petroleum > Prospecting > Methodology.
Natural gas > Prospecting > Methodology.
Seismic tomography > Methodology.
Pétrole > Prospection > Méthodologie.
Gaz naturel > Prospection > Méthodologie.
Tomographie sismique > Méthodologie.
Natural gas > Prospecting > Methodology
Petroleum > Prospecting > Methodology
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Seismic Imaging Methods and Applications for Oil and Gas Exploration
  • Contents
  • About the authors
  • Preface
  • 1 Seismic data acquisition including survey design and factors affecting seismic acquisition
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Geophysical factors affecting seismic acquisition
  • 1.3 Survey design
  • 1.4 Land, marine, transition zone, and borehole seismic data acquisition
  • 1.5 Ocean bottom cable and ocean bottom node
  • 1.6 Land and marine sources and receivers
  • 1.7 2D versus 3D seismic
  • 1.8 Advances in seismic data acquisition
  • 1.8.1 Marine seismic vibrator
  • 1.9 Conclusions
  • References
  • 2 Seismic data processing
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.1.1 Fourier transform
  • 2.2 Short-time Fourier transform
  • 2.3 Wavelet transform
  • 2.3.1 One-dimensional wavelet transform
  • 2.3.1.1 Two-dimensional wavelet transform
  • 2.3.2 Empirical wavelet transform
  • 2.4 Factors affecting seismic reflection amplitude
  • 2.5 Acquisition footprint
  • 2.6 Wavefield divergence corrections
  • 2.7 Absorption correction (anelastic attenuation)
  • 2.8 Ground roll and linear noise attenuation
  • 2.9 Swell noise attenuation
  • 2.10 Deconvolution
  • 2.11 Velocity analysis
  • 2.12 Multiple attenuation
  • 2.12.1 Introduction to multiple
  • 2.12.2 Multiple elimination methods
  • 2.13 Advances in seismic data processing
  • 2.13.1 Modified close-loop SRME
  • 2.13.2 Joint migration inversion
  • 2.14 Conclusions
  • References
  • 3 Seismic wave modeling and high-resolution imaging
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Wavefronts and huygens principle
  • 3.3 Geometrical aspect of migration
  • 3.4 Theory and practice of seismic diffraction
  • 3.5 Diffraction modeling
  • 3.6 Reasoning behind diffraction
  • 3.7 Logical explanation of diffraction
  • 3.8 Amplitude interpretation
  • 3.9 Constructive and destructive interference.
  • 3.10 2D/3D behavior of diffraction curves
  • 3.11 Imaging in 2D or 3D
  • 3.12 Seismic imaging/migration algorithm
  • 3.13 Diffraction separation algorithms
  • 3.13.1 Dip frequency filtering
  • 3.13.2 Plane-wave destruction
  • 3.13.3 Slope estimation
  • 3.14 Developed workflows for diffraction separation and imaging
  • 3.15 Effect of frequency and migration aperture on seismic diffraction imaging
  • 3.15.1 Velocity model building
  • 3.15.2 Frequency-dependent modeling and aperture for migration
  • 3.16 Importance of seismic diffraction for fracture imaging
  • 3.17 Algorithm for diffraction preservation separation methods
  • 3.17.1 Comparison of PWD and DFF results
  • 3.18 2D synthetic data example: the complex Marmousi model
  • 3.19 Effect of offset on diffraction hyperbola
  • 3.20 Effect of angle stack on diffraction amplitude
  • 3.21 Application on real field data
  • 3.22 A new algorithm for advance wave modeling and high-resolution diffraction imaging
  • 3.22.1 A complex fractured model: Marmousi
  • 3.23 Full wave-equation finite difference modeling
  • 3.24 Low-rank approximation
  • 3.24.1 Theory of wave extrapolation
  • 3.24.2 Low-rank approximation
  • 3.24.3 Exploding reflector modeling
  • 3.25 Discussion and conclusion
  • References
  • 4 Anisotropic modeling and imaging
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Theory: weak elastic anisotropy approximation for VTI media
  • 4.3 Numerical examples: weak anisotropy
  • 4.4 Theory of TTI pseudo-acoustic wave equation
  • 4.5 Numerical examples: pseudo-acoustic wave simulation in a TTI media
  • 4.6 VTI travel times for prestack depth imaging
  • 4.7 Numerical examples: PDM using VTI fast-marching travel times
  • 4.7.1 Synthetic data
  • 4.7.2 Prestack depth migration on real data
  • References
  • Further reading
  • 5 Geological reservoir modeling and seismic reservoir monitoring
  • 5.1 Introduction.
  • 5.1.1 Petroleum geology
  • 5.1.2 Plate tectonic analysis
  • 5.1.3 Geological structure
  • 5.1.4 Depositional environment
  • 5.1.4.1 Types of depositional environments
  • 5.1.5 Petrophysics and rock physics for reservoir characterization
  • 5.1.6 Reservoir geophysics
  • 5.2 Static reservoir modeling
  • 5.2.1 Preliminary reservoir analysis
  • 5.2.1.1 Stratigraphic correlation
  • 5.2.1.2 Facies and lithofacies identification
  • 5.2.1.3 Reservoir continuity and flow units
  • 5.2.2 Structural modeling
  • 5.2.2.1 Fault modeling and pillar gridding
  • 5.2.2.2 Horizon modeling and thickness mapping
  • 5.2.2.3 Reservoir architecture (zonation and layering)
  • 5.2.3 Rock and fluid property modeling
  • 5.2.3.1 Scaleup well log
  • 5.2.3.2 Interpolation algorithm
  • 5.2.3.2.1 Geostatistics
  • 5.2.3.2.2 Variogram
  • 5.2.3.2.3 Kriging
  • 5.2.3.3 Facies modeling
  • 5.2.3.3.1 Sequential indicator simulation
  • 5.2.3.3.2 Truncated Gaussian simulation
  • 5.2.3.3.3 Object modeling
  • 5.2.3.3.4 Multiple-point statistics
  • 5.2.3.4 Petrophysical modeling
  • 5.2.3.4.1 Sequential Gaussian simulation (stochastic)
  • 5.2.3.4.2 Gaussian random function simulation (stochastic)
  • 5.2.3.4.3 Kriging
  • 5.2.3.4.4 Moving average (deterministic)
  • 5.2.3.4.5 Closest (deterministic)
  • 5.2.3.4.6 Assign values (deterministic)
  • 5.2.3.4.7 Neural net (deterministic)
  • 5.2.3.5 Distribution of porosity and water saturation
  • 5.2.3.6 Property modeling using seismic data
  • 5.2.3.6.1 Seismic stochastic inversion
  • 5.2.3.7 Fracture modeling
  • 5.3 Reserve estimation and uncertainty analysis
  • 5.4 Dynamic reservoir modeling
  • 5.4.1 Pressure-volume-temperature data
  • 5.4.2 Reservoir simulation models initialization
  • 5.4.3 History matching
  • 5.4.4 Production forecasting
  • 5.5 4D seismic monitoring and reservoir surveillance
  • 5.5.1 Introduction
  • 5.5.2 Significance of 4D seismic.
  • 5.5.3 4D feasibility study
  • 5.5.3.1 4D Feasibility study at well location
  • 5.5.4 Acquisition and processing
  • 5.5.5 Data conditioning
  • 5.5.6 Seismic inversion
  • 5.5.7 4D seismic qualitative and quantitative interpretation
  • 5.5.7.1 Quantitative 4D seimsic interpretation
  • 5.5.7.2 Quantitative 4D seismic analysis
  • 5.5.8 4D seismic history matching
  • 5.5.8.1 History matching workflows and inverse petroelastic modeling
  • 5.5.9 Impedance domain
  • 5.5.10 Water saturation/pressure domain
  • 5.5.11 4D seismic monitoring in improved oil recovery fields
  • 5.5.12 Application
  • 5.6 Drilling optimization
  • 5.7 Economic evaluation
  • 5.8 Complementary aspects in reservoir characterization and modeling
  • 5.8.1 Broadband marine seismic (high-resolution seismic)
  • 5.8.2 Wavelet transformation
  • 5.8.3 Seismic analysis in an VTI/TTI anisotropic medium
  • 5.8.3.1 Backus averaging for layer-induced anisotropy
  • 5.8.4 Fracture characterization using seismic data
  • 5.8.4.1 Wide-azimuth seismic survey and azimuthal AVO
  • 5.8.4.2 Shear wave splitting
  • 5.8.5 Joint probability classification using Bayes Theorem
  • 5.8.6 Seismic joint with EM (nonseismic) method
  • 5.8.7 Pore pressure prediction and geomechanics assessment
  • 5.9 Conclusion
  • References
  • Index
  • Back Cover.