http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy
MRI with hyperpolarized carbon-13 agents is a powerful emerging imaging modality that can measure real-time metabolism in cells, animals, and humans. It uses endogenous, non-toxic contrast agents that a hyperpolarized, resulting in up to 100,000-fold increases in sensitivity. This technique uses no ionizing radiation, and is being applied in a range of human trials. It's primary use is for metabolic imaging, but it can also measure perfusion, pH, and necrosis.Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy is designed to be a one stop shop for understanding hyperpolarized 13C MRI. This book explains the principles of this imaging modality, the requirements for performing studies, shows how to interpret the results, and gives an overview of current biomedical applications. It is suitable for engineers, scientists and clinicians in radiology and biomedical imaging who want to understand this technology.- Presents the physics and hardware of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization- Explains the behaviour of hyperpolarized carbon-13 agents and how to image them- Detailed guidance on experimental design and data interpretation- Identifies promising and potential applications of hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR.
Front Cover -- HYPERPOLARIZED CARBON-13 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY -- HYPERPOLARIZED CARBON-13 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY -- Copyright -- Series list -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Organization -- Prerequisites -- Acknowledgments -- 1 -- The physics of dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Polarization, magnetization, sensitivity, and hyperpolarization -- 1.3 Methods of hyperpolarization -- 1.4 Dynamic Nuclear Polarization -- 1.4.1 Solid effect -- 1.4.2 Cross-effect and thermal mixing
1.5 The DNP sample: formulation of the imaging agent and the electron paramagnetic agent -- 1.6 Dissolution and relaxation -- 1.7 Conclusion -- References -- 2 -- Hardware for preparing HP 13C-molecules: from polarizer to patient -- 2.1 Requirements for DNP -- 2.1.1 The magnet -- 2.1.2 Cryogenic environment -- 2.1.3 Microwaves -- 2.1.4 The sample -- 2.2 Monitoring of solid-state 13C polarization -- 2.3 Rapid state change -- 2.4 Preclinical dDNP -- 2.5 Postdissolution -- 2.6 Clinical dDNP -- 2.6.1 Quality control -- 2.7 Future developments -- 2.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References
3 -- HP acquisition methods: pulse sequences, reconstruction, and RF coils -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Hyperpolarized imaging considerations -- 3.2.1 T1 decay and nonrecoverable magnetization -- 3.2.2 RF decay and metabolism -- 3.2.3 Chemical shift displacement -- 3.3 Pulse sequences and reconstruction -- 3.3.1 Nonselective spectroscopy and CSI -- 3.3.2 Fast spectroscopic imaging -- 3.3.3 IDEAL CSI -- 3.3.4 Metabolite-selective imaging -- 3.3.5 Pulse sequence summary -- 3.4 RF coils -- 3.4.1 Surface and volume coils -- 3.4.2 Multichannel arrays and coil combination -- 3.5 Summary -- References
4 -- HP experimental methods: cells and animals -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Dissolution-What is in it? -- 4.3 Transfer to the magnet-how fast can you run? -- 4.4 Delivery-how much and how to? -- 4.4.1 How much of the hyperpolarized agent is sufficient? -- 4.4.2 How to deliver the hyperpolarized agent? -- 4.5 Preclinical model systems for testing of hyperpolarized 13C agents -- 4.5.1 Models used for feasibility testing -- 4.5.2 Models used for HP agent development for a predetermined biomedical application -- 4.5.3 Preclinical animal models used in hyperpolarized NMR
4.6 Understanding and interpreting the hyperpolarized signals to shed light on the underlying biochemistry of the pathology -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further study -- 5 -- HP agents and biochemical interactions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Main differences between 1H MRI and HP 13C spectroscopy and imaging -- 5.1.2 Ideal characteristics of an HP 13C agent -- 5.1.3 Carbon-13 magnetic resonance and labeled metabolic substrates -- 5.2 Overview of biological HP agents -- 5.2.1 [1-13C]pyruvate -- 5.2.2 [1,4-13C2]Fumarate -- 5.2.3 Carbohydrates -- 5.2.4 Fatty acids and ketone bodies
[Place of publication not identified] : Academic Press, 2021
Advances in magnetic resonance technology and applications ; v. 3