A practical approach to chemical engineering for non-chemical engineers /

A Practical Approach to Chemical Engineering for Non-Chemical Engineers is aimed at people who are dealing with chemical engineers or those who are involved in chemical processing plants. The book demystifies complicated chemical engineering concepts through daily life examples and analogies. It con...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Toghraei, Moe, 1968- (Author)
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Cambridge, MA, United States : Elsevier, [2022]
Subjects:	Chemical engineering. Génie chimique. chemical engineering. Chemical engineering Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Front Cover
A Practical Approach to Chemical Engineering for Non-Chemical Engineers
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Introduction
1 Components of chemical process industries
1 Equipment and pipes (applications)
1.1 Fluid conductors: pipes, tubes, ducts
1.1.1 Pipe specifications
1.2 Pipe appurtenances: fittings and valves
1.2.1 Fittings
1.2.2 Valves
1.2.2.1 Throttling valves
1.2.2.2 Blocking valves
1.2.2.3 Diverting valves
1.2.2.4 Special valves
Check valves
Pressure safety valves
1.2.2.5 Remotely operated valves
1.3 Fluid movers: pumps and compressors
1.3.1 Axial pumps
1.3.2 Centrifugal pumps
1.3.3 Reciprocating pumps
1.3.4 Rotary pumps
1.3.5 Axial gas movers
1.3.6 Centrifugal gas movers
1.3.7 Reciprocating gas movers
1.3.8 Rotary gas movers
1.4 Containers: tanks, vessels
1.5 Heat transfer equipment: heat exchangers and furnaces
1.5.1 Heat exchangers
1.5.2 Fired heaters
1.6 Unit operations and unit processes
2 Utilities
2.1 Utilities in process plants
2.2 Utility-feeds and utility-wastes: what are our choices?
2.2.1 Components of utility systems
2.3 Role of utilities in plants
2.4 Different utilities in plants
2.4.1 Instrument air
2.4.2 Utility air or plant air
2.4.3 Potable water
2.4.4 Utility water or plant water
2.4.5 Electricity
2.4.6 Blanket gas
2.4.7 Fuel gas and fuel oil
2.4.8 Cooling air
2.4.9 Cooling water
2.4.10 Hot water
2.4.11 Steam
2.4.12 Hot glycol and cold glycol
2.4.13 Heat transfer fluids
2.4.14 Surface drainage
2.5 Big picture of utility journey
2.6 Utility networks and users
3 Instrumentation and control
3.1 Control in process industries
3.2 Three layers of integrated control and safety system: BPCS, alarm, and SIS.
3.3 How BPCS works: control loop, duty, and components
3.3.1 Acronym meaning
3.3.2 Divider type meaning
3.3.3 Symbol type meaning
3.3.4 Tag number
3.4 What is a "good" control?
3.4.1 Dead time
3.4.2 Shape of the controlled process variable route
3.4.3 Offset
3.5 How can we implement a "good" control?
3.6 Control strategies
3.6.1 First decision on control strategy: feedback versus feedforward
3.6.2 Feedback control strategies: PID control
3.7 Tuning
3.8 Control architecture
3.8.1 Cascade control
3.8.2 Override control
3.8.3 Split range and parallel control
3.8.4 Ratio control
3.8.5 Selective control
3.9 ICSS hardware
3.10 Primary elements: sensors
3.10.1 Sensors' features
3.10.1.1 Accuracy and precision
3.10.1.2 Drift
3.10.1.3 Linearity
3.10.2 Calibration
3.10.3 Brief explanation of sensors
3.10.3.1 Temperature measurement
3.10.3.2 Pressure measurement
3.10.3.3 Level measurement
3.10.3.4 Flow measurement
3.10.3.5 Process analyzers
3.11 BPCS: duty and components
3.11.1 Control valves
3.11.2 Variable speed device on electric motors
3.12 Alarm system: duty and components
3.13 Safety instrumented functions: duty and components
3.14 "Middle elements" and communication routes
2 Behind the scenes of chemical process plants
4 Summary of process engineering deliverables
4.1 Pictorial diagrams of process plants: block flow diagram, process flow diagram, and piping and instrumentation diagram
4.2 Block flow diagram
4.3 Process flow diagram
4.4 Piping and instrumentation diagram
4.5 Plot plan
4.6 Heat and material balance table
4.7 Process description
4.8 Process control narratives
4.9 Equipment datasheets
4.10 Instrument datasheets
4.11 Utility consumption table
4.12 Chemical consumption table.
4.13 Alarm set point table
4.14 Shutdown key table
4.15 "Process design criteria" and the "process design basis"
5 Concepts of materials
5.1 How much matters?
5.2 Matter's features
5.3 Conditions affecting matter's features
5.3.1 Temperature
5.3.2 Pressure
5.3.3 Specific volume
5.4 States of matters: solid, liquid, and gas
5.4.1 Phase behavior
5.5 Equation of states
5.6 Material properties
5.6.1 Density
5.6.2 Viscosity
5.6.2.1 Non-Newtonian liquids
5.6.3 Vapor pressure
5.6.4 Parameters related to stored energy
5.7 Mixtures
5.7.1 Ordinary concentration
5.7.2 Molarity
5.7.3 Fraction concentrations
5.7.4 Fraction concentrations in varied forms
5.7.5 Partial pressure as an index of concentration
5.8 Properties of flowable solids
6 Concepts of process equipment
6.1 Containers: tanks and vessels
6.1.1 Roles
6.1.2 Residence time
6.1.3 Pressure of fluids in containers
6.2 Fluid conductors: pipes, tubes, ducts
6.2.1 Streams' flow rates
6.2.2 Streams' pressures
6.2.3 Calculation pressure drop in pipe routes
6.2.4 Gas flows
6.2.4.1 Ignoring compressibility of flow
6.2.4.2 Considering compressible flow
6.2.4.3 Issue of stating flow rate for gas streams
6.2.5 Where does the flow (liquid or gas) go?
6.2.6 Fluid flow in pipes: the good, the bad, and the ugly
6.3 Fluid movers: pumps and compressors
6.3.1 Fluid movers' operating curves
6.3.2 Liquid movers
6.3.2.1 Axial pumps
6.3.2.2 Centrifugal pumps
3.2.2.1 Cavitation
3.2.2.2 Low flow intolerance and minimum flow protection system
6.3.2.3 Reciprocating pumps
6.3.2.4 Rotary pumps
6.3.3 Gas movers
6.4 Heat transfer equipment: heat exchangers, fired heaters
6.4.1 Conduction
6.4.2 Convection
6.4.3 Radiation
6.4.4 Heat transfer in chemical engineering.
6.4.4.1 Heat sources and heat sinks
6.4.4.2 Multistep heat transfers
6.4.5 Manipulating heat transfer
6.4.6 Heat exchangers
6.4.7 Fired heaters
7 Principles of material change
7.1 Unit operations versus process units
7.2 Different types of physical changes
7.2.1 Mass transfer-based physical conversion
7.2.2 Mechanical-based physical conversion
7.3 Symbolic representation of conversions
7.4 Quantitative goal of conversions
7.4.1 "Equilibrium" as an obstacle to completing a conversion
7.4.2 "Lack of stoichiometry" as an obstacle to completing a conversion in chemical changes
7.5 Possibility and speed of conversions
7.6 Possibility of conversions for physical and chemical conversions
7.7 Speed of conversion for physical and chemical conversions
7.7.1 Speed of mass transfer-based physical conversions
7.7.2 Speed of chemical conversions
7.8 Kinetics/mass transfer versus thermodynamics
7.9 Speed of multistep conversions
7.10 Conversion containers
3 Unit operations and process units
8 Fundamentals of physical conversions
8.1 Different types of physical conversions
8.2 Understanding nonpure materials: suspensions and solutions
8.3 Blending as physical conversion
8.4 Separations
8.4.1 Separation units: mechanical separation units
8.4.2 Separation units: mass transfer-based units
8.4.2.1 Increasing mass transfer term
8.4.2.2 Increasing distance from equilibrium term
8.5 Three aspects of designs
8.6 Manipulating conversion units
8.7 What will be seen in chapters 10 and 11?
9 Unit operations: blending
9.1 Suspension types
9.2 What is needed for a good mixing
9.3 Agitation power and duration
9.3.1 Estimation of required power for agitation
9.4 Even distribution of energy
9.5 Mechanical agitators: impellers
9.5.1 Impeller types.
9.5.2 Agitator positioning
9.6 Hydraulic agitation
9.7 Static agitators
9.8 Fluid-assisted agitation
9.8.1 Liquid Jet agitators
9.8.2 Gas sparging agitators
9.9 Size of chunks in dispersed phase of suspensions
9.9.1 Changing size of chunks in suspensions
10 Unit operations: separation-mechanical-based
10.1 Cutoff size
10.2 Gravity separation
10.2.1 Mechanisms of gravity separation
10.2.2 Fundamental of design
10.2.3 Types
10.2.4 Operation
10.2.5 Process variables
10.2.6 Adjusting components
10.3 Cyclonic separation
10.3.1 Fundamental of design
10.3.2 Operation
10.3.3 Process variables
10.3.4 Adjusting components
10.4 Centrifugation
10.4.1 Types
10.4.2 Fundamental of design
10.4.3 Operation
10.4.4 Process variables
10.4.5 Adjusting components
10.5 Filtration
10.5.1 Types
10.5.1.1 Depth filter types
10.5.1.2 Surface filter types
10.5.1.3 Cake filter types
10.5.2 Design of filters
10.5.2.1 Fundamentals of design of depth filters
10.5.2.2 Fundamentals of design of surface filters
10.5.2.3 Fundamentals of design of cake filters
10.5.3 Operation
10.5.3.1 Depth filters
10.5.3.2 Surface filters
10.5.3.3 Cake filters
10.5.4 Process variables
10.5.5 Adjusting components
10.6 Mechanical membrane separation
10.6.1 Fundamentals of design
10.6.2 Types
10.6.3 Operation
10.6.4 Process variables
10.6.5 Adjusting components
11 Unit operations: separation-mass transfer-based
11.1 Absorption
11.1.1 Types
11.1.2 Fundamentals of design
11.1.3 Operation
11.1.4 Process variables
11.1.4.1 Adjusting components
11.2 Stripping
11.2.1 Types
11.2.2 Fundamentals of design
11.2.3 Operation
11.2.3.1 Process variables
11.2.3.2 Adjusting components
11.3 Distillation
11.3.1 Types.