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Prehospital transport and whole-body vibration /

"Prehospital Transport and Whole-body Vibration helps medical transport professionals and vehicle and equipment designers understand the concepts of human response to whole body vibration in order to shed light on the ongoing debate on the effectiveness of current immobilization systems. Writte...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Rahmatalla, Salam
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: London : Academic Press, [2022]
Subjects:
Vibration > Physiological effect.
Ambulances > Vibration.
Hospital patients > Transportation.
Patients > Positioning.
Transport of sick and wounded.
Transportation of Patients
Vibration > adverse effects
Patient Positioning
Vibration > Effets physiologiques.
Ambulances > Vibrations.
Patients > Positionnement.
Transport des malades et des blessés.
Transport of sick and wounded
Hospital patients > Transportation
Patients > Positioning
Vibration > Physiological effect
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Prehospital Transport and Whole-Body Vibration
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • 1 Fundamentals of motion and biomechanics
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Basic vector algebra
  • 1.2.1 Vector addition and subtraction
  • 1.2.2 Vector multiplication
  • 1.2.3 Projection of a vector in a certain direction
  • 1.2.4 Geometric representation of vectors
  • 1.2.5 Cross product
  • 1.2.6 Vector calculus
  • 1.2.7 Derivative of a unit vector
  • 1.2.8 Matrix algebra
  • 1.3 Complex numbers
  • 1.3.1 Hermitian matrix
  • 1.3.2 Unitary matrix
  • 1.3.3 Numerical differentiation of time signals
  • 1.3.4 Motion of a particle
  • 1.3.5 Displacement, velocity, and acceleration
  • 1.3.6 Curvilinear motion
  • 1.3.6.1 Tangential and normal components
  • 1.3.6.2 Polar components
  • 1.4 Forces and motion
  • 1.4.1 Kinetics of rigid bodies
  • 1.4.2 Forces and motion of human-body segments
  • 1.5 Basic statistics
  • 1.5.1 Mean or average
  • 1.5.2 Median
  • 1.5.3 Range, variance, and standard deviation
  • 1.5.4 Root mean square
  • 1.5.5 Regression analysis: least-squares line fitting
  • 1.5.6 Distribution of data
  • 1.5.7 Confidence intervals
  • 1.5.8 Probability value
  • 1.6 Time and frequency domain analysis
  • 1.6.1 Fourier transform
  • 1.7 Vibration fundamentals
  • 1.7.1 Random vibration analysis
  • 1.7.2 Equivalent system
  • 1.7.3 Human modeling in vibration
  • 1.7.4 Modeling of human head-neck
  • 1.7.5 Supine-human model
  • 1.7.6 Human coordinate system in whole-body vibration
  • 1.8 Chapter summary
  • References
  • 2 Measurement of human response to vibration
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.1.1 Historical background
  • 2.2 Traditional measurement techniques in WBV
  • 2.2.1 Accelerometers
  • 2.2.2 AC and DC accelerometers
  • 2.2.3 Limitations of accelerometers in WBV
  • 2.3 Marker-based motion capture.
  • 2.3.1 Velocity and acceleration from markers
  • 2.3.2 Methodology of using marker displacement to calculate acceleration
  • 2.3.3 Case study of motion capture of seated subjects
  • 2.3.4 Results: validation of acceleration using accelerometers and markers
  • 2.3.5 Virtual markers
  • 2.3.6 Methodology of virtual markers
  • 2.3.7 Case study of virtual markers
  • 2.3.7.1 Data collection
  • 2.3.7.2 Results
  • 2.4 Inertial sensors
  • 2.4.1 Transformation matrices from inertial sensors
  • 2.4.2 Case study: removing gravity components from accelerometer measurements
  • 2.5 Introduction to the concept of a hybrid system
  • 2.5.1 Hybrid marker-accelerometer system
  • 2.5.2 Static testing of hybrid systems
  • 2.5.3 Dynamic testing of a hybrid system
  • 2.5.4 Case study: simulated real-life application of hybrid system
  • 2.5.5 Case study: measurement of a supine human under whole-body vibration
  • 2.5.6 Motion platform (shaking table)
  • 2.5.7 Subject preparation
  • 2.5.8 Sensor placement and data collection
  • 2.6 Summary and concluding remarks
  • References
  • 3 Biodynamics of supine humans subjected to vibration and shocks
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Biodynamical evaluation functions
  • 3.2.1 Transmissibility
  • 3.2.2 Single input-single output transmissibility
  • 3.2.3 3D-multiple input-3D-multiple output transmissibility
  • 3.2.4 Single-input-3D-multiple output transmissibility
  • 3.2.5 6D-multiple input-6D-multiple output transmissibility
  • 3.2.6 Effective transmissibility
  • 3.2.7 Case study: effective transmissibility
  • 3.2.7.1 Single input-3D multiple output condition
  • 3.2.7.2 3D-multiple input-3D-multiple output condition
  • 3.2.7.3 6D-multiple input-6D-multiple output condition
  • 3.2.8 Apparent mass
  • 3.2.9 Driving point mechanical impedance
  • 3.2.10 Absorbed power
  • 3.3 Experimentation in supine transport
  • 3.3.1 Experimental setup.
  • 3.3.2 Effect of vibration and immobilization on human biodynamic response
  • 3.3.2.1 Effect of support surfaces
  • 3.3.2.2 Effect of straps
  • 3.3.2.3 Effect of shocks
  • 3.3.2.4 Effect of vibration magnitude
  • 3.3.3 Relative transmissibility
  • 3.3.4 Case study: 3D transmissibility of supine subject
  • 3.3.5 Effect of posture
  • 3.3.6 Effects of gender, mass, and anthropometry
  • 3.3.7 Case study: example field study
  • 3.3.7.1 Subject preparation
  • 3.3.7.2 Testing and data collection
  • 3.3.8 Data analysis
  • 3.3.9 General findings
  • 3.3.10 Effect of gender
  • 3.3.10.1 Effect of body mass
  • 3.3.10.2 Effect of stature
  • 3.3.10.3 Effect of vibration magnitude
  • 3.3.10.4 Limitations
  • 3.4 Summary
  • References
  • 4 Discomfort in whole-body vibration
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Methods of discomfort quantification
  • 4.2.1 Dynamic discomfort-history
  • 4.2.2 Subjective evaluation of discomfort
  • 4.2.2.1 Analysis of reported discomfort data
  • 4.2.2.2 Case study: subjective evaluation of discomfort
  • 4.2.2.2.1 Data collection
  • 4.2.2.2.2 Analysis of the data
  • 4.2.3 Objective evaluation of discomfort
  • 4.2.3.1 ISO evaluation of discomfort
  • 4.2.3.1.1 Weighted RMS acceleration evaluation
  • 4.2.3.1.2 Effect of vibration direction
  • 4.2.3.1.3 Validity and limitations of the current standards
  • 4.2.4 Approaches for evaluation of objective discomfort
  • 4.2.4.1 Predictive discomfort using transfer functions
  • 4.2.4.2 Dynamic discomfort and the role of human-segments motion
  • 4.2.4.3 Case study: role of body segments motion
  • 4.2.4.3.1 Methods and data collection
  • 4.2.4.3.2 Data analysis and results
  • 4.3 The role of the rotational and translational motions on dynamic discomfort
  • 4.3.1 Case study: role of rotational motion in discomfort
  • 4.3.1.1 Reported discomfort
  • 4.3.1.2 Relative RMS angular velocity.
  • 4.4 Predictive discomfort of supine humans
  • 4.4.1 Case study
  • 4.4.2 Case study: predictive discomfort for supine postures
  • 4.5 Predictive discomfort of nonneutral postures in seated positions
  • 4.5.1 Case study: effect of nonneutral postures on discomfort
  • 4.5.1.1 Study design and data collection
  • 4.5.1.1.1 Data analysis and discomfort function formulation
  • 4.5.1.1.2 Results
  • 4.5.1.1.3 Predictive discomfort and posture results
  • 4.5.2 Predictive discomfort and ISO standard
  • 4.5.3 Predictive discomfort using the angular acceleration versus angular velocity
  • 4.6 Chapter summary
  • References
  • 5 Justification and efficacy of prehospital immobilization systems
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Ongoing debate
  • 5.3 Whole-body transport and immobilization
  • 5.3.1 Types of studies on validity of immobilization systems
  • 5.4 Immobilization of the cervical spine
  • 5.4.1 Case study: immobilization of the cervical spine-dynamic study
  • 5.4.1.1 Lab testing
  • 5.4.1.2 Results
  • 5.5 Immobilization of the lumbar spine
  • 5.5.1 Case study of lumbar immobilization
  • 5.5.2 Results
  • 5.6 The need for standards for prehospital transport
  • 5.7 Summary
  • References
  • Index
  • Back Cover.