http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
In the recent decades, efficiency enhancement of refineries and chemical plants has been become a focus of research and development groups.Use of nanofluids in absorption, regeneration, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes can lead to mass transfer and heat transfer enhancement in processes which results in an increased efficiency in.
6.2.3.1 Natural convection in various cavity (square cavity, rectangular cavity C-shape cavity) -- 6.2.3.2 Natural convection in annulus -- 6.2.3.3 Natural convection in porous cavity -- 6.2.3.4 Magnetohydrodynamic natural convection -- 6.2.3.5 Lorentz force effect on magnetic nanofluids -- 6.2.3.6 Joule heating effect on magnetic nanofluids -- 6.2.3.7 Convective instability of a magnetic nanofluids -- 6.2.3.8 Homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions effect -- 6.2.3.9 Electric field effect -- 6.3 Mass transfer characteristics -- 6.4 Conclusions and future prospects and trends -- Acknowledgment -- Nomenclature -- Abbreviations -- References -- 7 Conjugate heat and mass transfer in nanofluids -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Mechanisms of heat transfer in nanofluids -- 7.3 Mechanisms of mass transfer in nanofluids -- 7.4 Boiling heat and mass transfer -- 7.4.1 Pool boiling -- 7.4.2 Flow boiling -- 7.5 Techniques for enhancement of the nanofluids critical heat flux -- 7.6 Conclusion and future work and trends -- Nomenclature -- Abbreviations -- References -- 8 Bionanofluids and mass transfer characteristics -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Present status of research in nanofluids -- 8.3 Preparation and stabilization of nanofluids -- 8.3.1 Preparation of nanofluids and bionanofluids -- 8.3.2 Stabilization of nanofluids -- 8.4 Applications of nanofluids and bionanofluids -- 8.5 Types of mass transfer processes in nanofluids -- 8.5.1 Bubble type absorption -- 8.5.2 Falling film absorption -- 8.5.3 Membrane absorption -- 8.5.4 Mass transfer with phase change -- 8.5.5 Three-phase airlift reactor -- 8.5.6 Agitated absorption reactor -- 8.6 Mechanism of mass transfer enhancement in nanofluids and bionanofluids -- 8.6.1 Shuttle or grazing effect -- 8.6.2 Hydrodynamics in the GL layer -- 8.6.3 Changes in GL interface.
8.7 Analogy and equivalence between heat and mass transfer in nanofluids: an experimental and modeling approach -- 8.8 Bioconvection -- 8.9 A general model of bioconvection -- 8.9.1 Case study 1-three-dimensional stagnation point flow of bionanofluid with variable transport properties -- 8.9.2 Case study 2-bioconvection nanofluid slip flow past a wavy surface with applications in nanobiofuel cells -- 8.9.3 Case study 3-stagnation point flow with time-dependent bionanofluid past a sheet: richardson extrapolation technique -- 8.9.4 Case study 4-unsteady magnetoconvective flow of bionanofluid with zero mass flux boundary condition -- 8.9.5 Case study 5-second grade bioconvective nanofluid flow with buoyancy effect and chemical reaction -- 8.10 Conclusion and future outlook -- References -- 2 Mass transfer modelling and simulation of nanofluids -- 9 Mass transfer modeling in nanofluids: theoretical basics and model development -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Wetted-wall column -- 9.3 Packed bed column -- 9.4 High-pressure vessel -- 9.5 Liquid-gas membrane contactor -- 9.6 Bubble column -- 9.7 Airlift reactor -- 9.8 Capillary tube -- 9.9 Advantages and disadvantages of nanofluids -- 9.10 Challenges for nanofluid applications in mass transfer technology -- 9.11 Conclusion and future work -- References -- 10 Mass transfer modeling in nanofluids: numerical approaches and challenges -- 10.1 Nanofluid mass transfer -- 10.1.1 Basic equations of nanofluid mass transfer -- 10.2 Finite element method -- 10.2.1 Finite element method application on nanofluid heat and mass transfer -- 10.2.2 Finite element method simulation -- 10.3 Control volume finite element method -- 10.3.1 Fundamental equations -- 10.3.2 Modeling of numerical method -- 10.3.3 Discretization equation of general transport -- 10.4 Lattice Boltzmann method.
10.4.1 The transport model of Lattice Boltzmann -- 10.4.2 Dynamic nanoparticle aggregation by lattice Boltzmann method -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- Further reading -- 11 CFD simulation of nanofluids flow dynamics including mass transfer -- 11.1 Heat and mass transfer in nanofluids -- 11.1.1 Thermal conductivity -- 11.1.2 Nanoparticles concentration -- 11.1.3 Nanoparticle size -- 11.1.4 Nanoparticle shape -- 11.1.5 Nanoparticle thermal conductivity and base fluid -- 11.2 CFD modeling -- 11.2.1 Single-phase approach -- 11.2.2 Two-phase approach -- 11.2.2.1 Eulerian-Eulerian model -- 11.2.2.2 Mixture model -- 11.2.2.3 Eulerian model -- 11.2.2.4 Volume of fluid model -- 11.2.2.5 Lagrangian-Eulerian model -- 11.2.3 Other CFD approaches -- 11.2.3.1 Lattice Boltzmann method -- 11.2.3.2 Finite element method -- 11.2.3.3 Example of CFD nanofluid mass transfer -- 11.3 Conclusion -- References -- 12 Mass transfer enhancement in liquid-liquid extraction process by nanofluids -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Mass transfer in nanofluids -- 12.2.1 Molecular penetration in nanofluids -- 12.2.2 Calculation of mass transfer coefficient -- 12.3 Mass transfer of liquid-liquid extraction -- 12.4 Nanoparticles in liquid-liquid extraction -- 12.4.1 SiO2 nanoparticles -- 12.4.2 ZnO, ZrO2, and TiO2 nanoparticles -- 12.4.3 Al2O3 nanoparticles -- 12.4.4 MgO nanoparticles -- 12.4.5 Fe3O4 nanoparticles -- 12.5 Conclusions and future outlooks -- References -- 3 Applications of nanofluids as mass transfer enhancers -- 13 Increasing mass transfer in absorption and regeneration processes via nanofluids -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Mass transfer enhancement in the absorption processes via nanofluids -- 13.2.1 Membrane contactor process -- 13.2.2 Falling film absorption process -- 13.2.3 Bubble absorption process -- 13.2.4 Tray column absorption process.
edited by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour [and more].