Additive manufacturing /

"Additive Manufacturing explains the background theory, working principles, technical specifications, and latest developments in a wide range of additive manufacturing techniques. Topics addressed include treatments of manufactured parts, surface characterization, and the effects of surface tre...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author:	ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors:	Pou, Juan (Editor), Riveiro, Antonio (Editor), Davim, J. Paulo (Editor)
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Cambridge, MA : Elsevier, [2021]
Series:	Handbooks in advanced manufacturing
Subjects:	Additive manufacturing. Fabrication additive. Additive manufacturing Electronic books.
Online Access:	Connect to the full text of this electronic book

Table of Contents:

Front Cover
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
1
Introduction to additive manufacturing
1.1 Basic concepts of additive manufacturing
1.2 Basic procedure of additive manufacturing
1.2.1 Step 1: CAD model
1.2.2 Step 2: STL model conversion
1.2.3 Step 3: STL model slicing
1.2.4 Step 4: toolpath and G-code generation
1.2.5 Step 5: machine setup and build
1.2.6 Step 6: removal of printed objects
1.2.7 Step 7: post-processing
1.2.8 Step 8: application
1.3 Categories of additive manufacturing
1.3.1 Vat photopolymerization
1.3.2 Material jetting
1.3.3 Material extrusion
1.3.4 Binder jetting
1.3.5 Powder bed fusion
1.3.6 Sheet lamination
1.3.7 Directed energy deposition
1.4 Applications of additive manufacturing
1.4.1 Fabrication of functionally graded materials
1.4.2 Repair and remanufacturing of damaged components
1.4.3 Fabrication of advanced materials using additive manufacturing
1.4.4 Fabrication of smart structures with embedded sensors
1.5 Comparison of additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing
1.5.1 Material and tool
1.5.2 Speed
1.5.3 Design freedom
1.5.4 Accuracy
1.5.5 Cost
1.6 Hybrid manufacturing
1.7 Challenges and limitations of current additive manufacturing
References
2
Introduction to powder bed fusion of polymers
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Processes, machines, technologies
2.3 Postprocessing and surface treatment
2.4 Materials and powder production techniques for powder bed fusion
2.5 Parameter settings and influences
2.5.1 Material properties
2.5.1.1 Melting and crystallization behavior
2.5.1.2 Viscosity
2.5.1.3 Powder properties
2.5.2 Energy input
2.5.2.1 Part structure
2.5.2.2 Parameter influences.
2.6 Process monitoring
Symbols
Abbreviations
References
3
Selective laser melting: principles and surface quality
3.1 Introduction to selective laser melting
3.2 Surface integrity in the selective laser melting process
3.2.1 Surface enhancement treatments
3.3 Treatments applied during the selective laser melting process
3.4 Treatments applied after the selective laser melting process
References
4
Laser-directed energy deposition: principles and applications
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Principles of laser-directed energy deposition
4.3 Industrial applications of laser-directed energy deposition
4.3.1 Additive manufacturing of metals and alloys
4.3.2 Additive manufacturing of ceramics
4.3.3 Surface treatments and repairing components
4.3.4 Functionally graded materials
4.4 Biomedical applications of laser-directed energy deposition
4.4.1 Additive manufacturing of metallic biomaterials
4.4.2 Additive manufacturing of ceramic biomaterials
4.4.3 Surface treatments of biomaterials
4.4.4 Functionally graded biomaterials
4.5 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
5
Vat photopolymerization methods in additive manufacturing
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Vat photopolymerization process
5.2.1 Photopolymer materials
5.2.2 Stereolithography
5.2.3 Digital light processing
5.2.4 Continuous liquid interface production
5.3 Postprocessing
5.3.1 Postprocessing challenges
5.4 Direct fabrication of parts by vat photopolymerization
5.5 Additive manufacturing technologies for tooling
References
6
Polymer and composites additive manufacturing: material extrusion processes
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Extrusion additive manufacturing processes
6.2.1 Feedstock material loading system
6.2.2 Extrusion mechanism
6.2.3 Build space and motion system
6.3 Hybrid systems.
6.4 In-line monitoring and automation for smart manufacturing
6.5 Materials development
6.5.1 Printability criteria
6.5.2 Key material properties influencing printing
6.5.2.1 Composition and physical properties
6.5.2.2 Thermophysical properties
6.5.2.3 Rheological properties
6.5.3 Material-related challenges
6.5.3.1 Porosity
6.5.3.2 Anisotropic properties
6.5.3.3 Part distortion and cracking
6.6 Current applications and path forward
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
References
7
Introduction to fused deposition modeling
7.1 Historical outline and used labels
7.2 The RepRap project-history and models of 3D printers
7.3 Model and support materials
7.3.1 Model materials used in stratasys 3D printers
7.1.3.1.1 Model materials used in open 3D printing systems
7.4 Extrusion head structure
7.5 Selected details about heads in open systems
7.6 An example of head construction in a Stratasys device
7.7 Fiber deposition strategy and finishing process
7.8 Conclusions
References
8
Electron beam melting process: a general overview
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Process description
8.1.2 Materials and applications
8.2 Electron beam melting physical mechanisms
8.3 Process control and process parameters
8.4 Part features
8.4.1 Surface roughness
8.4.2 Internal defects
8.4.3 Delamination
8.4.4 Chemical composition of the material
8.5 Process monitoring
8.6 Numerical simulation
8.7 Summary and scientific and technological challenges
References
9
Introduction to 4D printing: methodologies and materials
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fundamentals of 4D printing
9.2.1 Shape-programmable materials
9.2.1.1 Shape memory polymers
9.2.1.2 Liquid crystal elastomers
9.2.1.3 Hydrogel composites
9.2.1.4 Magnetoactive materials
9.2.2 3D printing techniques.
9.3 Material extrusion-based 4D printing
9.3.1 Fused deposition modeling-based 4D printing
9.3.2 4D printing by direct ink writing printing
9.3.2.1 Direct ink writing printing of shape memory polymer
9.3.2.2 Direct ink writing printing of hydrogel
9.3.2.3 Direct ink writing printing of liquid crystal elastomer
9.3.2.4 Direct ink writing printing of magnetoactive material
9.4 4D printing by polyjet printing
9.4.1 Polyjet printing of shape memory polymer composites
9.4.2 Direct 4D printing by polyjet printing
9.5 Vat photopolymerization-based 4D printing
9.5.1 Digital light processing
9.5.2 Direct laser writing
9.6 Summary
References
10
Laser polishing of additive-manufactured Ti alloys and Ni alloys
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Laser polishing LMD TC11
10.2.1 Surface morphology
10.2.2 Numerical simulation and microstructure
10.2.3 Mechanical properties
10.3 Laser polishing SLM TC4
10.3.1 Surface morphology
10.3.2 Numerical simulation and microstructure
10.3.3 Mechanical properties
10.3.4 Examples of laser polishing on large-area SLM Ti components
10.4 Laser polishing SLM inconel 718 superalloy
10.4.1 Surface morphology
10.4.2 Numerical simulation and microstructure
10.4.3 Mechanical properties
10.4.4 Examples of laser polishing on large-area SLM IN718 components
10.5 Conclusions
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
References
11
On surface quality of engineered parts manufactured by additive manufacturing and postfinishing by machining
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Materials
11.1.2 Main technologies and principles of additive manufacturing
11.1.3 Additive versus subtractive manufacturing processes
11.2 Surface roughness
11.2.1 Measurement methodology
11.2.2 Surface roughness in additive manufacturing
11.2.3 Postfinishing: conventional machining.
11.3 Experimental studies on additive manufacturing and machining
11.3.1 Metals
11.3.2 Polymers
11.4 Challenges and opportunities
11.5 Conclusions
References
12
Standards for additive manufacturing technologies: structure and impact
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Structure of additive manufacturing standardization working groups
12.2.1 ISO committee
12.2.2 Working groups
12.2.3 Joint groups
12.2.4 Liaisons with other groups
12.2.5 CEN committee
12.3 Published AM standards in ISO/ASTM
12.4 Impact of standards for additive manufacturing
12.5 Conclusions
References
13
Metal matrix composites processed by laser additive manufacturing: microstructure and properties
13.1 Introduction
13.2 In situ synthesis of metal matrix composites by laser additive manufacturing
13.3 Laser additive manufacturing for the production of "pure" ex situ metal matrix composites
13.4 Laser additive manufacturing of hierarchical metal matrix composites
13.5 Microstructural characterization of metal matrix composites produced by laser additive manufacturing
13.6 Properties and applications of metal matrix composites produced by laser additive manufacturing
13.7 Concluding remarks
References
14
Laser aided metal additive manufacturing and postprocessing: a comprehensive review
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Laser additive metal manufacturing
14.2.1 History and classification of lasers
14.2.2 Critical laser parameters in additive manufacturing
14.2.3 Laser-based additive manufacturing techniques
14.2.3.1 Selective laser melting
14.2.3.2 Laser-assisted directed energy deposition
14.3 Postprocessing techniques for additive manufactured components
14.3.1 Need for postprocessing
14.3.2 Classification of postprocessing methods
14.3.2.1 Laser shock peening
14.3.2.2 Laser polishing.