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Handbook of water purity and quality /

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Handbook of Water Purity and Quality, Second Edition provides those involved in water purification research and administration with a comprehensive resource of methods for analyzing water to assure its safety from contaminants, both natural and human caused. The book includes an overview of the subj...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Ahuja, Satinder, 1933-
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: London : Academic Press, 2021.
Edition:2nd ed.
Subjects:
Water > Pollution > Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Water quality management > Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Water quality > Measurement > Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Water > Purification > Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Eau > Qualité > Gestion > Guides, manuels, etc.
Eau > Qualité > Mesure > Guides, manuels, etc.
Eau > Épuration > Guides, manuels, etc.
Water > Pollution
Water > Purification
Water quality management
Water quality > Measurement
Electronic books.
Handbook
handbooks.
Handbooks and manuals
Handbooks and manuals.
Guides et manuels.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Handbook of Water Purity and Quality
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • List of contributors
  • Preface
  • 1 Overview: modern water purity and quality
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.1.1 Drinking water regulations
  • 1.1.2 Water pollution problems worldwide
  • 1.1.2.1 Impact of climate disruptions
  • 1.1.2.2 Sanitation and water quality
  • 1.1.3 Monitoring contaminants
  • 1.1.3.1 What is potable water?
  • 1.1.4 Water reclamation and sustainability
  • 1.2 Water quality worldwide
  • 1.3 Challenges and solutions to water problems in Africa
  • 1.4 Impact of climate change
  • 1.5 Investigating water quality: the forensic approach
  • 1.6 Regulatory considerations to ensure clean and safe drinking water
  • 1.7 Monitoring terrorist-related contamination
  • 1.8 Microbiological threats to water quality
  • 1.9 Radionuclides in surface water and groundwater
  • 1.10 A review of pesticide contamination of water
  • 1.11 Monitoring pharmaceuticals in water
  • 1.12 Arsenic removal technologies: field applications and sustainability
  • 1.13 Wastewater: novel treatment technologies and sources for epidemiological studies
  • 1.14 Select applications of nanomaterials in water purification
  • 1.15 Green chemistry solutions to water pollution
  • 1.16 Evaluation of sustainability strategies: a water perspective
  • 1.17 Conclusions
  • References
  • 2 Water quality worldwide
  • 2.1 Impact of water disasters
  • 2.2 Global water scarcity
  • 2.3 Water quality
  • 2.4 Impact of climate change on water availability and quality
  • 2.5 Water challenges worldwide
  • 2.5.1 Africa
  • 2.5.2 Asia
  • 2.5.3 Australia
  • 2.5.4 Europe
  • 2.5.5 Latin America
  • 2.5.6 Middle East
  • 2.5.7 The United States
  • 2.6 Conclusions
  • References
  • 3 Challenges and solutions to water problems in Africa
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.1.1 Ceramic filters
  • 3.1.2 Photocatalysis using TiO2.
  • 3.1.3 Experiments
  • 3.1.3.1 Manufacturing of ceramic pots
  • 3.1.3.2 Determination of flow rates, turbidity, and Escherichia coli counts
  • 3.1.3.3 Synthesis of TiO2 composites as photocatalysts
  • 3.1.3.4 Characterization of the TiO2 composites
  • 3.1.3.4.1 Characterization of TiO2-WO3 photocatalyst
  • 3.1.3.4.2 Determination of photocatalytic activity
  • 3.1.3.4.3 Mineralization of methylene blue
  • 3.2 Results and discussion
  • 3.2.1 FTIR analysis
  • 3.2.1.1 X-ray diffraction analysis
  • 3.2.1.2 BET analysis
  • 3.2.1.3 Photocatalytic activity of TiO2-WO3 nanocomposite
  • 3.2.1.4 Effect of pH
  • 3.2.1.5 Semiconductor ratios
  • 3.2.1.6 Effect of concentration
  • 3.2.1.7 Catalyst loading
  • 3.2.1.8 Effect of beaker surface area
  • 3.2.1.9 Mineralization of methylene blue
  • 3.2.1.10 Photocatalyst reusability
  • 3.3 Conclusion
  • References
  • 4 Impact of climate change on water quality and public policy approach to reduce uncertainty and risk
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Climate change and water cycle
  • 4.3 Global pattern of climate change impact on water quality and risk
  • 4.3.1 North American region
  • 4.3.2 European region
  • 4.3.3 African region
  • 4.3.4 Asia-Pacific region
  • 4.3.5 Latin America and the Caribbean region
  • 4.3.6 The Arab region
  • 4.4 The need for concerted international efforts to tackle water quality challenges
  • 4.5 Policy gaps
  • 4.6 Water quality in sustainable development goals
  • 4.7 Water quality issues by the private sector investors on key thematic sectors
  • 4.8 Increasing risks, increasing withdrawals, and implications on water quality
  • 4.9 Conclusions
  • Disclaimer
  • References
  • 5 Investigating water pollution: the forensic approach
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Detection of water quality impairment
  • 5.3 Types of evidence
  • 5.4 Evidence collection and handling
  • 5.5 Quality assurance/quality control.
  • 5.6 Access and entry
  • 5.7 Photography
  • 5.8 Sampling and analysis
  • 5.9 Documentary evidence
  • 5.10 Interviews versus interrogations
  • 5.11 Expert witnesses
  • 5.12 Quantitative reasoning
  • 5.13 Depositions and testimony
  • 5.14 Obtaining evidence involuntarily
  • 5.15 Presentation of findings
  • 5.16 Case example
  • 5.17 Conclusion
  • References
  • 6 Regulatory considerations to ensure clean and safe drinking water
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 EPA's strategic goals for "clean and safe water"
  • 6.2.1 Water infrastructure
  • 6.2.2 Safe and sustainable water resources
  • 6.2.3 Protecting human health
  • 6.2.4 Protecting and restoring water quality
  • 6.2.5 Office of Research and Development
  • 6.2.6 Homeland security
  • 6.3 Drinking water regulations
  • 6.3.1 The rulemaking process
  • 6.3.2 Clean Water Act
  • 6.3.3 Safe Drinking Water Act
  • 6.3.4 Contaminant Candidate List
  • 6.3.5 Drinking water compliance issues
  • 6.4 Human health research
  • 6.4.1 Toxicokinetics
  • 6.4.2 Health effects data
  • 6.4.3 Quantification of toxicological effects
  • 6.4.4 Evaluation of carcinogenic potential
  • 6.4.5 Human health risk assessment
  • 6.5 Drinking water research
  • 6.6 Risk management
  • 6.7 Source water management
  • 6.7.1 Urban watershed management
  • 6.7.2 Source Water Assessment and Protection Programs
  • 6.7.3 Nutrients
  • 6.7.4 Stormwater management
  • 6.7.5 Water reuse
  • 6.8 Treatment technologies
  • 6.8.1 Best available technologies
  • 6.8.2 Conventional treatment
  • 6.8.3 Alternative treatment technologies
  • 6.8.4 Treatability of water supplies
  • 6.8.5 Types of treatment processes and removal capabilities
  • 6.8.5.1 Physical treatment (filtration)
  • 6.8.5.2 Biological treatment (disinfection)
  • 6.8.5.3 Sorption technologies (chemical treatment)
  • 6.8.6 Point-of-use/point-of-entry applications
  • 6.9 Residuals management.
  • 6.9.1 Types of waste residuals
  • 6.9.1.1 Liquid residuals
  • 6.9.1.2 Solid residuals
  • 6.9.1.3 Radioactive residuals
  • 6.10 Distribution system integrity
  • 6.10.1 Infrastructure issues
  • 6.10.2 Operational issues
  • 6.10.3 Corrosion, scaling, and metal mobility
  • 6.10.4 Contamination events
  • 6.10.5 Leak detection
  • 6.10.6 Hydraulic and water quality models
  • 6.11 Homeland Security and Emergency Response
  • 6.11.1 Water system and security resilience
  • 6.11.2 Contaminant detection and sampling and analysis
  • 6.11.3 Contaminant fate, transport, and exposure
  • 6.11.4 Disinfection in distribution systems
  • 6.11.5 Alternative drinking water supplies in the event of an incident
  • 6.12 Water quality monitoring systems
  • 6.12.1 SCADA systems
  • 6.12.2 Monitoring equipment
  • 6.12.3 Data transmission
  • 6.12.4 Remote monitoring and control systems
  • 6.13 Research priorities
  • 6.13.1 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
  • 6.13.2 Harmful algal blooms and algal toxins
  • 6.13.3 Legionella
  • 6.14 Summary and conclusions
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 7 Monitoring for contamination caused by malevolent acts and unforeseen events
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Water supply vulnerabilities
  • 7.3 What is a backflow attack?
  • 7.4 Online monitoring
  • 7.4.1 What should an early warning system look like?
  • 7.4.2 What should a monitoring system detect?
  • 7.5 Water analysis presents many problems
  • 7.6 Toxicity monitoring (bioassays)
  • 7.7 Bacterial luminescence-based methods
  • 7.8 Bacterial respiration-based methods
  • 7.9 Inhibition of chemiluminescence
  • 7.10 Problems with toxicity testing
  • 7.11 Sensor arrays and lab-on-a-chip technologies
  • 7.12 Bulk parameter monitoring
  • 7.13 Other online technologies
  • 7.13.1 UV absorption/fluorescence and other optical methods
  • 7.13.2 Particle counting and characterization.
  • 7.13.3 Gas chromatography
  • 7.14 Technologies currently more suited for field confirmatory analysis
  • 7.14.1 Immunoassays
  • 7.14.2 Polymerase chain reaction technology
  • 7.14.3 ATP detection
  • 7.14.4 Rapid tests for cholinesterase-inhibiting substances (nerve agents and pesticides)
  • 7.14.5 Infrared spectroscopy
  • 7.14.6 Multiparameter handheld devices
  • 7.14.7 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
  • 7.14.8 Ion mobility spectroscopy
  • 7.14.9 Surface acoustic wave technology
  • 7.15 Bringing it all together
  • References
  • 8 Microbiological threats to water quality
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Viruses
  • 8.3 Bacteria
  • 8.4 Protozoans
  • 8.5 Quantification methods
  • 8.6 Microbial contamination indicators
  • 8.7 Microbial source tracking
  • 8.8 Sampling issues
  • 8.9 Conclusions
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • 9 Radionuclides in surface water and groundwater
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Radioactive compounds and radioactivity
  • 9.2.1 Radioactive decay
  • 9.2.2 Exposure to radiation
  • 9.2.3 Generalized radionuclide toxicity
  • 9.3 Sources of radioactive contaminants
  • 9.3.1 Naturally occurring radionuclides: radon emissions from soil and groundwater
  • 9.3.2 Ore extraction and associated waste: uranium mining and mill tailings
  • 9.3.3 Processed and reacted materials: medical applications
  • 9.3.4 Processed and reacted materials: nuclear reactors
  • 9.4 Regulation and analysis of radioactive compounds in water and solids
  • 9.4.1 Regulation of radioactive wastes and water standards in the United States
  • 9.4.1.1 Mill tailings
  • 9.4.1.2 Water standards
  • 9.4.2 Analysis of radioactive compounds in water and solids
  • 9.4.3 Examples of radionuclide contamination in groundwater
  • 9.5 Biogeochemical processes controlling uranium fate and transport in the environment
  • 9.5.1 Uranium(VI) reduction
  • 9.5.2 Uranium(IV) oxidation.