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Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of geothermal power plants
Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Geothermal Power Plants guides researchers and engineers on the analysis and optimization of geothermal power plants through conventional and innovative methods.Coverage encompasses the fundamentals, thermodynamic analysis, and optimization of geothermal power plants.
Intro -- Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Geothermal Power Plants -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Basics of geothermal power plants -- Chapter 1: Various cycle configurations for geothermal power plants -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Geothermal power plant system -- 1.2.1. Single-flash steam power plants -- 1.2.2. Double-flash steam power plants -- 1.2.3. Dry-steam power plants -- 1.2.4. Binary-organic Rankine cycle and Kalina cycle power plants -- 1.2.5. Advanced geothermal energy conversion systems-Hybrid configurations -- 1.3. Closing remarks -- References -- Chapter 2: Global value chain and manufacturing analysis on geothermal power plant turbines -- 2.1. Global geothermal energy market -- 2.1.1. Global value chain and trade flow -- 2.2. Manufacturing analysis -- 2.2.1. Methodology for manufacturing analysis -- 2.2.1.1. Manufacturing process flow -- 2.2.1.2. Materials -- 2.2.1.3. Machine inventory and factory model -- 2.2.1.4. Machining cost analysis -- 2.3. Definition of minimum sustainable price -- 2.4. Manufacturing analysis case studies -- 2.4.1. Sensitivity analysis -- 2.5. Power plant design and performance analysis -- 2.6. Economic analysis -- 2.6.1. Decision criteria used in SAM financial model -- 2.6.2. SAM results and discussion -- 2.6.2.1. Sensitivity analysis -- 2.7. Closing remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: CO2 emissions from geothermal power plants and state-of-the-art technical solutions for CO2 reinjection -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. NCG reinjection successful cases -- 3.2.1. Numerical simulations of NGC reinjection in the literature -- 3.3. Evaluation of the reinjection process -- 3.3.1. NCG reinjection process in case of high NCG content in geothermal steam -- 3.3.2. NCG reinjection process in case of moderate NCG content in a single-phase geothermal fluid.
3.4. Feasibility of the reinjection process -- 3.5. Closing remarks -- References -- Chapter 4: Life cycle assessment of geothermal power plants -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. LCA methodology -- 4.3. Impacts of geothermal energy exploitation -- 4.4. Results and discussion -- 4.4.1. Goal and scope definition -- 4.4.2. System boundaries -- 4.4.3. Life Cycle Inventory -- 4.4.4. LCA of geothermal energy production -- 4.4.4.1. Global warming potential -- 4.4.4.2. Acidification and eutrophication -- 4.4.4.3. (Eco)Toxicity -- 4.5. Closing remarks -- References -- Chapter 5: Social acceptance of geothermal power plants -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Social acceptance of renewable energy technologies -- 5.2.1. Studies on the social acceptance of geothermal energy -- 5.3. Factors affecting community acceptance of renewable energy projects -- 5.4. Socioeconomic impacts of renewable energy projects -- 5.5. Measuring socioeconomic impacts of renewable energy projects -- 5.5.1. Defining social impacts -- 5.5.2. Significance of measuring social impacts -- 5.5.3. Stages and methods of social impact measurement -- 5.6. Cases of controversy -- 5.6.1. Berlín power plant (El Salvador) -- 5.6.2. Lower Kilauea East Rift Zone (Hawaii, United States) -- 5.6.3. Milos Island (Greece) -- 5.6.4. Mt. Apo project (Philippines) -- 5.6.5. Nisyros Island (Greece) -- 5.6.6. Tiwi power plant project (Philippines) -- 5.6.7. Upper Rhine Graben (Europe) -- 5.7. Social acceptance practices performed by geothermal operators and developers -- 5.7.1. Avoiding and reducing unfavorable impacts -- 5.7.2. Generating added benefits for surrounding communities -- 5.7.3. Public engagement -- 5.7.3.1. Defining public engagement -- 5.7.3.2. Review of community engagement practices -- 5.7.3.3. Guidelines of engagement practices -- 5.7.4. The role of public authorities -- 5.8. Closing remarks -- References.
Part II: Thermodynamic analysis of geothermal power plants -- Chapter 6: Single- and double-flash cycles for geothermal power plants -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. System description -- 6.3. Analysis -- 6.3.1. Energy analysis -- 6.3.2. Exergy analysis -- 6.3.3. Exergoeconomic calculation -- 6.3.4. Validation -- 6.4. Optimization -- 6.4.1. Single flash optimization -- 6.4.2. Double-flash optimization -- 6.5. Experimental data -- 6.6. Results and discussions -- 6.6.1. Environmental benefits -- 6.7. Closing remarks -- References -- Chapter 7: Dry steam power plant: Thermodynamic analysis and system improvement -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Dry steam potential -- 7.3. Conversion technology -- 7.3.1. System structure -- 7.3.2. Example of system and heat balance: Case study of the Kamojang power plant -- 7.3.3. System performance -- 7.4. Configuration and main components of dry steam systems -- 7.4.1. Demister -- 7.4.2. Steam turbine -- 7.4.3. Condenser -- 7.4.4. Cooling tower -- 7.5. System improvements -- 7.5.1. Utilization of excess steam -- 7.5.2. Improvement on each component -- 7.6. Closing remarks -- References -- Chapter 8: Binary geothermal power plant -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Binary GPP -- 8.3. Thermodynamic analysis -- 8.3.1. General components of the binary GPP -- 8.3.1.1. Evaporator -- 8.3.1.1.1. Vaporizer 1 (Vap_1) -- 8.3.1.1.2. Vaporizer 2 (Vap_2) -- 8.3.1.1.3. Preheater 1 (Preheat_1) -- 8.3.1.1.4. Preheater 2 (Preheat_2) -- 8.3.1.1.5. Recuperator (Recup) -- 8.3.1.2. Turbine -- 8.3.1.2.1. Turbine 1 (Turb_1) -- 8.3.1.2.2. Turbine 2 (Turb_2) -- 8.3.1.3. Condenser -- 8.3.1.3.1. Condenser 1 (Cond_1) -- 8.3.1.3.2. Condenser 2 (Cond_2) -- 8.3.1.4. Feed pump -- 8.3.1.4.1. Feed pump 1 (F_Pump_1) -- 8.3.1.4.2. Feed pump 2 (F_Pump_2) -- 8.3.1.5. Overall system -- 8.3.1.6. Selection of organic working fluid -- 8.4. Calculation procedure.
8.5. Results and discussion -- 8.6. Closing remarks -- References -- Chapter 9: Solar-geothermal power plants -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. The concentrating solar thermal power plant -- 9.3. Hybrid solar-geothermal plants -- 9.4. Operational analysis -- 9.4.1. Single-flash geothermal unit -- 9.4.2. Double-flash geothermal unit -- 9.4.3. Binary organic cycle -- 9.4.4. Solar field -- 9.5. Comparative analysis of the hybrid designs -- 9.6. Hybrid solar-geothermal power projects -- 9.6.1. Geothermal field ``Ahuachapan´´ at El Salvador -- 9.6.2. Geothermal field ``Stillwater´´ at Nevada, United States -- 9.7. Closing remarks -- References -- Chapter 10: Thermodynamic analysis of a transcritical CO2 geothermal power plant -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. System description -- 10.3. Mathematical modeling -- 10.4. Results and discussion -- 10.4.1. The effect of the geothermal source temperature on the performance of the systems -- 10.4.2. The effect of the turbine inlet pressure on the performance of the systems -- 10.4.3. The effect of the pump inlet pressure on the performance of the systems -- 10.5. Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 11: Double-flash enhanced Kalina-based binary geothermal power plants -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Description of the plants -- 11.3. Materials and methods -- 11.3.1. Thermodynamic presumptions and evaluation -- 11.3.2. Main performance assessment parameters -- 11.4. Results and discussion -- 11.5. Closing remarks -- References -- Chapter 12: Combined cooling and power production from geothermal resources -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. System description -- 12.2.1. High-pressure steam power generation cycle -- 12.2.2. Medium-pressure steam power generation cycle -- 12.2.3. Organic Rankine cycle -- 12.2.4. Water desalination process -- 12.2.5. Lithium-bromide absorption cycle -- 12.3. Thermodynamic analysis.
12.3.1. High-pressure steam power generation cycle -- 12.3.2. Medium-pressure steam power generation cycle -- 12.3.3. Organic Rankine cycle -- 12.3.4. Thermal flash desalination -- 12.3.5. LiBr-water vapor absorption cycle -- 12.4. Results and discussion -- 12.4.1. The efficiency of the system -- 12.4.2. Varying incoming mass flow rate -- 12.4.3. Varying ambient temperature -- 12.5. Closing remarks -- References -- Chapter 13: Hydrogen production from geothermal power plants -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Geothermal hydrogen production -- 13.3. Case study -- 13.3.1. System description -- 13.3.2. Thermodynamic model -- 13.4. Results and discussion -- 13.5. Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 14: Multiple flashing in geothermal power plants -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Geothermal flash power cycles -- 14.3. Thermodynamic analysis and performance assessment -- 14.4. Brief discussion of the obtained results -- 14.5. Concluding remarks -- References -- Part III: Optimization of geothermal power plants -- Chapter 15: Multiobjective particle swarm optimization of geothermal power plants -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. System description -- 15.2.1. Expansion valve -- 15.2.2. Flash separator -- 15.2.3. Turbine -- 15.2.4. Condenser -- 15.2.5. Process heater -- 15.3. Thermodynamic system model -- 15.4. Multiobjective optimization -- 15.4.1. Particle swarm optimization -- 15.5. Results and discussion -- 15.6. Closing remarks -- References -- Chapter 16: Artificial neural network-based optimization of geothermal power plants -- 16.1. Introduction -- 16.2. Artificial neural network -- 16.3. ANN-based modeling of the system -- 16.3.1. Description of the system -- 16.3.2. Dataset and uncertainty analysis -- 16.3.3. Thermodynamic analysis -- 16.3.4. Modeling -- 16.4. Results and discussion -- 16.5. Closing remarks -- References.
edited by Can Ozgur Colpan, Mehmet Akif Ezan and Onder Kizilkan.