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Trends of environmental forensics in Pakistan
Trends of Environmental Forensics in Pakistan covers a variety of topics, including discussions on alterations in soil chemistry that are related to the malicious effects of pesticides, variations in biosphere and hydrosphere due to deviating toxicological responses, evidence and datasets to highlight potential crimes, and the advent of biological warfare and its effects across the globe, and exclusively in Pakistan. Pakistan, a country comprised of vast climatic zones, ethnic groups, diverse faiths and profound biodiversity is also vulnerable to different devastating incidents, hence this book presents tactics and information that are critical to this region. Covers alterations in soil chemistry due to the malicious effects of pesticides, the variations in biosphere and hydrosphere due to deviating toxicological responses, and more; Uses evidence and datasets to highlight potential crimes; Highlights the advent of biological warfare and its effects across the globe (and exclusively in Pakistan).
Front Cover; Trends of Environmental Forensics in Pakistan; Trends of Environmental Forensics in Pakistan; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Preface; 1 -- Environmental toxicology: fundamental and forensic; 1.1 Introduction; 1.1.1 Types of toxic substances; 1.1.2 Classification of exposure; 1.1.2.1 Inhalation; 1.1.2.2 Skin absorption; 1.1.2.3 Ingestion; 1.1.2.4 Injection; 1.1.3 Dose-response relationship; 1.1.4 Disposition of toxic substances; 1.1.5 Hazard and risk assessment; 1.2 Analytical toxicology in environmental forensics; 1.2.1 Sample collection and handling
1.2.2 Sample preparation and analysis1.3 Case studies; 1.3.1 Rapid population decline in oriental white-backed vulture (Gyps bengalensis) colonies due to diclofenac poisoning; 1.3.2 Presence of aflatoxins in food items of Pakistan; 1.3.3 Imposex in marine gastropods as an indicator of organotin compounds in coastal waters of Pakistan; References; Further reading; 2 -- Forensics archaeology; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 History; 2.2.1 Formative period (1849-1938); 2.2.2 Consolidation period (1939-71); 2.2.3 Modern period (1972-99); 2.2.4 Fourth era (2000-present)
2.3 Objectives of forensic archaeology2.4 How forensic archaeology is different from traditional archaeology; 2.5 Phases of archaeological field investigations; 2.5.1 Phase I: systematic and comprehensive search/investigation (reconnaissance exploration); 2.5.2 Phase II: determination of forensic significance; 2.5.3 Phase III: recovery; excavation; 2.5.4 For buried remains; 2.6 Standards and guidance for archaeologist; 2.7 Techniques; 2.7.1 Fingerprint analysis; 2.7.2 DNA testing; 2.7.3 Chemical residue analysis; 2.8 Pakistan and forensic archaeology: case studies; 2.8.1 Harappa
2.8.2 Mohenjo Daro2.9 The present condition and the future perspectives; References; 3 -- Pedospheric environmental forensics aspects; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Pedospheric samples characterization; 3.2.1 Electrical resistivity; 3.2.2 Microbial community composition; 3.2.3 Carbon pools; 3.2.4 Structural and visual characterization; 3.3 Current status of institutes carrying out forensic examination in Pakistan; 3.3.1 The National Forensic Science Agency; 3.3.2 The Punjab Forensic Science Agency; 3.3.3 Forensic science in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; 3.3.4 Forensic science in Sindh and Balochistan
3.4 Soil microbial communities of human decomposition on soil3.4.1 Microbial soil profiling; 3.4.1.1 Phenotypic analysis; 3.4.1.2 Genotypic analysis; 3.5 Pedospheric samples maximization by utilization of GIS and RS; 3.5.1 Organochlorine pesticides migratory pattern; 3.5.2 RS-aided precision agriculture; 3.5.3 World soil organic carbon estimation; 3.6 Case study; References; Further reading; 4 -- Forensic evaluations of child abuse; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Child abuse; 4.3 Different types of child abuse and their Signs and symptoms; 4.3.1 Physical abuse
edited by Shazia Iftikhar, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, the Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Includes bibliographical references and index.