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Advances in Parasitology. Volume 104 /

Advances in Parasitology, Volume 104, the latest in a series first published in 1963, contains comprehensive reviews on all areas of interest in contemporary parasitology. The series includes medical studies of parasites of major influence, along with reviews of more traditional areas, such as zoolo...

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Bibliographic Details
Corporate Author: ScienceDirect (Online service)
Other Authors: Rollinson, D. (Editor), Stothard, J. R. (J. Russell) (Editor)
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: London, United Kingdom : Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, 2019.
Series:Advances in parasitology ; v. 104.
Subjects:
Parasitology.
Parasitology
Parasitologie.
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • Advances in Parasitology
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • Chapter One: Leishmania tropica: What we know from its experimental models
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. What is leishmaniasis
  • 3. L. tropica, a neglected species
  • 3.1. Phylogenetic status and genetic diversity of L. tropica
  • 3.2. Transmission and epidemiology of L. tropica
  • 4. L. tropica infection in human (manifestation and immunology)
  • 5. Experimental models for L. tropica infection
  • 5.1. Studies on L. tropica infection in mice
  • 5.1.1. Pathology of CL isolate of L. tropica in mice
  • 5.1.2. Pathology of VTL isolate of L. tropica in mice
  • 5.1.3. Pathology of VL isolate of L. tropica in mice
  • 5.1.4. DTH response to L. tropica in mice
  • 5.1.5. Immune response to L. tropica in mice
  • 5.2. Studies on L. tropica infection in other animal models
  • 6. Factors affecting disease outcomes in L. tropica infection
  • 7. Conclusion and perspectives for future work
  • References
  • Chapter Two: A new level of complexity in parasite-host interaction: The role of extracellular vesicles
  • 1. Introduction-EVs in infectious disease
  • 2. Parasites and their extracellular vesicles
  • 2.1. Protozoa
  • 2.1.1. Trypanosomatids
  • 2.1.1.1. Leishmania
  • 2.1.1.1.1. Parasite EV release as a response to environmental changes
  • 2.1.1.1.2. Host modulation by Leishmania EVs in vitro
  • 2.1.1.1.3. Leishmania EVs modulate host immune responses in vivo to promote survival
  • 2.1.1.2. Trypanosoma
  • 2.1.1.3. Trypanosoma cruzi
  • 2.1.1.3.1. Chagas´ disease
  • 2.1.1.3.2. Suppressive nature of T. cruzi EVs
  • 2.1.1.3.3. Cargo of EVs from T. cruzi life forms
  • 2.1.1.3.4. Induction of EV release by host cells upon infection with trypomastigotes
  • 2.1.1.4. Trypanosoma brucei
  • 2.1.1.4.1. Transfer of serum-resistance-associated proteins in EVs between parasites.
  • 2.1.1.4.2. Stress in the insect vector alters social motility of T. brucei
  • 2.1.2. Apicomplex parasites
  • 2.1.2.1. Plasmodium
  • 2.1.2.1.1. Release of EVs from Plasmodium infected cells correlate with malaria disease severity
  • 2.1.2.1.2. Host immunomodulation by EVs derived from Plasmodium spp. infected cells
  • 2.1.2.1.3. Parasite-parasite and parasite-host communication via Plasmodium EVs
  • 2.1.2.1.4. Cancer and EVs from Plasmodium spp. infected mice
  • 2.1.2.2. Giardia
  • 2.1.2.3. Trichomonas
  • 2.1.2.3.1. The cargo and function of EVs on parasite adherence and host cell manipulation
  • 2.1.2.3.2. Tetraspanins and adherence go hand in hand
  • 2.1.2.4. Toxoplasma
  • 2.2. Nematodes
  • 2.2.1. Soil-transmitted helminths
  • 2.2.1.1. Hookworm
  • 2.2.1.1.1. Heligmoides polygyrus
  • 2.2.1.1.2. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
  • 2.2.1.2. Trichuris (whipworm)
  • 2.2.2. Filaria
  • 2.2.2.1. Brugia malayi
  • 2.3. Trematodes
  • 2.3.1. Schistosoma
  • 2.3.1.1. Schistosoma mansoni
  • 2.3.1.2. Schistosoma japonicum
  • 2.3.2. Opisthorchis
  • 2.3.3. Fasciola
  • 2.3.3.1. F. hepatica
  • 2.3.4. Echinostoma
  • 2.4. Cestodes
  • 3. Translational aspects of parasite EVs: Vaccine, diagnostic, and therapeutic potential
  • 3.1. EVs as vaccinations
  • 3.2. Parasite EVs as diagnostic markers
  • 3.3. Parasite EVs as therapeutics
  • 3.4. Genetic engineering of EVs and delivery of drugs using EVs
  • 4. Challenges in the parasite EV field
  • 4.1. The heterogenous nature of EVs
  • Acknowledgement
  • References
  • Chapter Three: The cathepsin-like cysteine peptidases of trematodes of the genus Fasciola
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the cathepsin L-like cysteine peptidases
  • 2.1. Clarification of the cathepsin-like gene family in the F. hepatica genome
  • 2.2. Genetic diversity
  • 2.3. Asparaginyl endopeptidases (legumains)
  • 3. Gene profile.
  • 3.1. Gene transcription
  • 4. Protein expression
  • 4.1. Tissue localisation
  • 4.2. The somatic proteome of metacercariae and NEJs
  • 4.3. Cathepsin L-like cysteine proteases in the secretome of developing F. hepatica
  • 4.4. Cathepsin-like cysteine peptidases are found within the surface tegumental glycome
  • 5. Structure-function relationships of the Fasciola cathepsin endopeptidases
  • 5.1. Cathepsins L
  • 5.2. Cathepsin B
  • 6. Regulation of cathepsin peptidase activation
  • 6.1. The role of the N-terminal propeptide
  • 6.2. The role of pH in regulating cathepsin-like cysteine peptidase activation and function
  • 6.3. trans-Activation by asparaginyl endopeptidase (legumain)
  • 7. Regulation of cathepsin peptidase activity by co-secreted inhibitors
  • 7.1. Cystatins
  • 7.2. Kunitz-type inhibitors
  • 8. Biological roles of Fasciola cathepsin-like cysteine peptidases
  • 8.1. Functions at the host-parasite interface
  • 8.2. Cysteine peptidases in extracellular vesicles (EVs)
  • 8.3. Degradation of host extracellular matrix components facilitates infection of new hosts and permits tissue migration
  • 8.4. A central role in the acquisition of nutrients
  • 8.5. Fasciola cathepsin L-like cysteine peptidases modulate host immune responses
  • 9. Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Chapter Four: Echinococcosis transmission on the Tibetan Plateau
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Health and endemic diseases on the Tibetan Plateau
  • 1.2. Echinococcosis, Echinococcus species, distribution and genotypic variation in China
  • 1.2.1. Echinococcus granulosus s.l.
  • 1.2.2. Echinococcus multilocularis
  • 1.2.3. Echinococcus shiquicus
  • 2. Human echinococcosis on the Tibetan Plateau
  • 2.1. Hospital records
  • 2.2. Ultrasound-based mass screening for echinococcosis in Tibetan communities
  • 2.3. Treatment for echinococcosis in Tibetan communities.
  • 2.4. Risk factors for human echinococcosis in Tibetan communities
  • 2.4.1. Lifestyle and behavioural risk factors
  • 2.4.2. Environmental risk factors
  • 3. Domestic animals and echinococcosis in Tibetan communities
  • 3.1. Livestock and transmission of E. granulosus
  • 3.1.1. Yaks
  • 3.1.2. Sheep and goats
  • 3.1.3. Other livestock-Pigs and horses
  • 3.2. Dogs and transmission of echinococcosis on the Tibetan Plateau
  • 4. Wildlife and echinococcosis on the Tibetan Plateau
  • 4.1. Wildlife definitive hosts
  • 4.2. Wildlife ungulate intermediate hosts
  • 4.3. Wildlife small mammal intermediate hosts
  • 5. Transmission ecology of Echinococcus spp. on the Tibetan Plateau
  • 5.1. Transmission ecology of E. multilocularis
  • 5.1.1. Small mammal population dynamics
  • 5.1.2. Tibetan rangeland degradation, small mammals and grassland management
  • 5.1.3. Definitive hosts and transmission ecology
  • 5.2. Transmission ecology of E. shiquicus
  • 5.3. Transmission ecology of E. granulosus s.s. and E. canadensis
  • 5.4. Landscape ecology and predictive transmission models
  • 6. Surveillance, control and prevention of echinococcosis in Tibetan communities
  • 6.1. Interventions and current status of control measures
  • 6.2. Screening and treatment for human populations within a west China echinococcosis control programme
  • 6.3. De-worming and testing dog populations
  • 6.4. Modelling control approaches
  • 7. Conclusions and considerations
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Further reading
  • Chapter Five: Diagnosis and drug resistance of human soil-transmitted helminth infections: A public health perspective
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths
  • 2.1. Laboratory diagnostics
  • 2.1.1. Microscopic methods
  • 2.1.1.1. Detection of eggs
  • 2.1.1.2. Detection of larvae
  • 2.1.2. DNA-based assays
  • 2.1.3. Antibody (Ab) detection assays.
  • 2.1.4. Antigen (Ag) detection assays
  • 2.2. Alternative methodologies
  • 3. Drug resistance
  • 3.1. Anthelmintic resistance
  • 3.2. Tools to detect drug resistance
  • 4. Soil-transmitted helminthic zoonoses in humans
  • 5. Concluding remarks and the way forward
  • Acknowledgement
  • Authors contributions
  • Conflict of interest
  • Appendix. Application of ASSURED criteria in diagnostics of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH): A new designation for R ...
  • A.1. ReASSURED concept for soil-transmitted helminthiasis
  • References
  • Back Cover.