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Management and the hidden face of related disorders
Non-motor Parkinson's: The Hidden Face-Management and the Hidden Face of Related Disorders, Volume 134, the latest release in the International Review of Neurobiology series, is an up-to-date and comprehensive textbook addressing non-motor aspects of Parkinson's disease, a key unmet need. Specific chapters in this updated release include Therapeutics and NMS in PD, Non-motor effects of conventional and transdermal therapies in PD, Infusion therapy, CDD and NMS in PD, DBS and NMS in PD, TMS and implications for NMS in PD, Botulinum toxin therapy and NMS in PD, and Nutrition and NMS in PD, amongst others.Including practical tips for non-specialists and clinical algorithms, the book contains contributions from over 40 opinion leaders in the field of movement disorders. It provides practitioners and researchers with a laboratory, to bedside, to caregiver perspective.- Presents a comprehensive textbook on the non motor aspects of Parkinson's disease- Includes practical tips and clinical algorithms, and is the only textbook to bring a holistic approach- Contains contributions from over 40 global opinion leaders in the field of movement disorders- Provides special chapters on exercise, personalized medicine, osteoporosis, genetics, treatment aspects and nutrition.
Front Cover -- Nonmotor Parkinson's: The Hidden Face: Management and the Hidden Face of Related Disorders -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Prefaces -- Message from Professor Günther Deuschl, Europoean Academy of Neurology -- Message from Professor Christopher G. Goetz, International Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Society -- The Editors Words -- Section 2B: Specific Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease, Part 2 -- Chapter Twenty-Five: Autonomic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Cardiovascular Symptoms, Thermoregulation, and Urogen ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cardiovascular Symptoms -- 2.1. Blood Pressure and Pulse Reaction in Orthostasis -- 2.2. Influence of the Parkinson Therapy on Cardiovascular Regulation -- 2.3. Therapeutic Possibilities for Cardiovascular Problems -- 3. Thermoregulation Symptoms (Perspiration-Related Symptoms) -- 3.1. Therapy for Disturbances in Perspiration -- 4. Urinary Symptoms -- 4.1. Disturbances of Micturition -- 4.2. Urinary Incontinence -- 4.3. Therapy of Bladder Disturbances -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Twenty-Six: The Gut and Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease -- 1. Introduction -- 2. GI Symptoms in PD -- 3. The Gut as Part of the Pathological Process in PD -- 4. The Gut-Brain Connection -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Twenty-Seven: Constipation in Parkinson's Disease -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Constipation: A Prodromal Sign and a Risk Factor for PD -- 3. Microbiota and SIBO -- 4. Definition and Diagnostic Criteria -- 5. Epidemiology -- 6. Pathophysiology -- 7. Diagnosis -- 8. Motor Fluctuations and Constipation -- 9. Treatment (Table 3) -- 9.1. Newer Agents -- 9.2. Dyssinergic Defecation -- 10. Acute Emergency Admission -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter Twenty-Eight: Understanding and Treating Pain Syndromes in Parkinson's Disease.
1. Background -- 2. Pain Pathophysiology in People With PD -- 3. Evaluation of Pain Syndromes in People With PD -- 4. Procedures for Treating Pain in People With PD -- 5. Pharmacological Therapy -- 6. Surgical Approaches -- 7. Rehabilitation -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter Twenty-Nine: Sexual Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease: An Underrated Problem in a Much Discussed Disorder -- 1. Parkinson's Disease and Hypersexuality -- 2. Neurobiology of HS in PD -- 3. Assessment and Investigation of SDs in Parkinson's Disease -- 4. Management of SDs in Parkinson's Disease -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter Thirty: Osteoporosis: A Hidden Nonmotor Face of Parkinson's Disease -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Osteoporosis and Other NMS of PD -- 1.2. Why PD Patients Are More at Risk of Osteoporosis? -- 2. Diagnosis and Treatment -- 3. Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter Thirty-One: Weight in Parkinson's Disease: Phenotypical Significance -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Body Weight Homeostasis and Changes in PD (Fig. 1) -- 3. Weight Measurement -- 4. Body Weight Status and Change in PD -- 4.1. Weight as a Risk Factor for PD -- 4.2. Weight Profile in PD -- 5. Changes in Body Weight in PD (Fig. 1) -- 6. Weight Gain and Obesity in PD -- 6.1. Dopaminergic System -- 6.2. Atypical Neuroleptics -- 6.3. Deep Brain Stimulation -- 6.4. Mechanism of Weight Gain After DBS -- 6.5. Other Potential Mechanisms for Weight Gain -- 7. Weight Loss in PD -- 7.1. Why Do Some PD Patients Lose Weight? -- 7.1.1. Nutritional Intake-Dysphagia and Motor Dexterity -- 7.1.2. Hormonal Factors -- 7.1.3. Energy Balance-Intake and Expenditure and Nutrition -- 7.1.4. Disease Severity -- 7.1.5. Gender and Age -- 7.1.6. Olfaction -- 7.1.7. Dementia/Depression/Hallucination -- 7.1.8. Structural Changes and Sarcopenia -- 7.1.9. Dopaminergic Medication.
8. Significance of Low Body Weight and Weight Loss in PD -- 8.1. Nutritional Status, Frailty, and General Health -- 8.1.1. Body Weight and Dyskinesia -- 8.1.2. Weight-Related Gender Differences for Dyskinesia -- 8.1.3. Body Weight and Mortality and Quality of Life -- 9. Identifying Weight-Loser PD Patients-The Park-Olfaction-Weight Phenotype? -- 10. Conclusions -- 11. Recommendations and Implications on Disease Management -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter Thirty-Two: Visual Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dopamine Pathways in Eye and Brain -- 3. Neuropathological Changes -- 4. Visual Dysfunction in PD -- 4.1. Visual Acuity -- 4.2. Color Vision -- 4.3. Visual Fields -- 4.4. Eye Movement -- 4.5. Stereopsis -- 4.6. Nystagmus -- 4.7. Blink Reflex -- 4.8. Pupil Reactivity -- 4.9. Contrast Sensitivity -- 4.10. Electroencephalography -- 4.11. Electroretinogram -- 4.12. Visual Evoked Potentials -- 4.13. Event-Related Potentials -- 4.14. Complex Visual Functions -- 4.15. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder -- 4.16. Visual Hallucinations -- 5. Discussion and Conclusions -- 5.1. Visual Features of PD -- 5.2. Differential Diagnosis -- 5.3. Visual Care of the Patient -- References -- Chapter Thirty-Three: Nonmotor Fluctuations in Parkinson's Disease -- 1. Epidemiology and Risk Factors of NMF -- 2. Clinical Presentation of NMF -- 2.1. Neuropsychiatric Symptoms -- 2.2. Autonomic Symptoms -- 2.3. Sensory Symptoms and Pain -- 2.4. Sleep and Fatigue -- 3. NMF and QoL -- 4. Pathophysiology of NMF -- 5. Management of NMF -- 5.1. Assessment Tools for NMS and NMF -- 5.2. Treatment of NMF -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Thirty-Four: Acute Presentation of Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome -- 3. Serotonin Syndrome -- 4. Dopamine Agonist Withdrawal Syndrome.
5. Dystonic Storm -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Section 3: Therapeutics and Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease -- Chapter Thirty-Five: Nonmotor Effects of Conventional and Transdermal Dopaminergic Therapies in Parkinson's Disease -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Effect of Dopaminergic Therapies on NMS -- 2.1. Neuropsychiatric Symptoms -- 2.1.1. Depression -- 2.1.2. Anxiety -- 2.1.3. Apathy -- 2.1.4. Cognitive Impairment and Dementia -- 2.2. Autonomic Dysfunction -- 2.2.1. Gastrointestinal Dysfunction -- 2.2.2. Sexual Dysfunction -- 2.2.3. Urinary Dysfunction -- 2.3. Sleep Disorders -- 2.3.1. RBD -- 2.3.2. Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder -- 2.3.3. Insomnia -- 2.4. Sensory Symptoms -- 2.4.1. Pain -- 2.4.2. Olfactory Dysfunction -- 2.5. Other Symptoms -- 2.5.1. Fatigue -- 3. The Unwanted Effect of Dopaminergic Therapies on NMS -- 3.1. Psychiatric and Behavioral NMS -- 3.1.1. Impulse Control Disorder -- 3.1.2. Punding -- 3.1.3. Psychosis -- 3.2. Other NMS -- 3.2.1. Orthostatic Hypotension -- 3.2.2. Excessive Daytime Sleepiness -- 3.2.3. Fibrotic Reactions With Ergot Dopamine Agonists -- 3.2.4. Peripheral Edema -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Thirty-Six: Infusional Therapies, Continuous Dopaminergic Stimulation, and Nonmotor Symptoms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background: Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion -- 2.1. Methodology -- 2.2. The Effect on Motor Symptoms -- 2.3. The Effect on Quality of Life -- 2.4. Safety -- 2.5. The Indications, the Contraindications, and the "Ideal" Patient -- 3. Effects on Nonmotor PD Symptoms -- 3.1. Effect of CSA on Total Nonmotor Symptom Burden -- 3.2. Apomorphine and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms -- 3.3. Apomorphine and Gastrointestinal Symptoms -- 3.4. Apomorphine and Sleep -- 3.5. Apomorphine and Sensory Symptoms.
3.6. Apomorphine and Urinary and Sexual Dysfunction -- 3.7. Apomorphine and Impulse Control Disorders -- 4. Background: Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel -- 4.1. Methodology -- 4.2. The Effect on Motor Symptoms -- 4.3. The Effect on Quality of Life -- 4.4. Safety -- 4.5. The Indications, the Contraindications, and the "Ideal" Patient -- 5. LCIG: Effects on Nonmotor PD Symptoms -- 5.1. Effect of LCIG on Total Nonmotor Symptom Burden -- 5.2. LCIG and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms -- 5.3. LCIG and Gastrointestinal Symptoms -- 5.4. LCIG and Sleep -- 5.5. LCIG and Sensory Symptoms -- 5.6. LCIG and Urinary and Sexual Dysfunction -- 5.7. LCIG and Impulse Control Disorders -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Thirty-Seven: Deep Brain Stimulation and Nonmotor Symptoms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nonmotor Outcomes of DBS -- 3. Neurobehavioral Profiles and DBS -- 3.1. Cognition -- 3.2. Neuropsychiatric Complications -- 3.2.1. Emotional Reactivity, Depression, and Anxiety -- 3.2.2. Apathy -- 3.2.3. Hypomania -- 3.2.4. Psychosis/Hallucinations -- 3.2.5. Impulsive Behavior -- 3.2.6. Managing Expectations -- 4. Autonomic Dysfunction -- 4.1. Orthostatic Hypotension -- 4.2. Constipation -- 4.3. Urinary Dysfunction -- 5. Sleep Disorders -- 5.1. Insomnia, EDS, and Sleep Quality -- 5.2. REM Sleep Behavior Disorder -- 5.3. Restless Legs Syndrome/Periodic Leg Movements Disorder -- 6. Sensory Symptoms -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter Thirty-Eight: Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Implications for Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease -- 1. Methods -- 2. Results -- 3. Discussion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter Thirty-Nine: Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Nonmotor Aspects of Parkinson's Disease -- 1. Introduction -- 2. BoNT for Drooling -- 2.1. Prevalence -- 2.2. Mechanisms -- 2.3. Assessment -- 2.4. Therapy -- 2.5. BoNT Injections: Technical Aspects.
edited by K. Ray Chaudhuri and Nataliya Titova.
International review of neurobiology ; v. 134