http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Low salinity and engineered water injection for sandstones and carbonate reservoirs
1 online resource (xiii, 163 pages) : illustrations (some color)
Low Salinity and Engineered Water Injection for Sandstones and Carbonate Reservoirs provides a first of its kind review of the low salinity and engineered water injection (LSWI/EWI) techniques for today's more complex enhanced oil recovery methods. Reservoir engineers today are challenged in the design and physical mechanisms behind low salinity injection projects, and to date, the research is currently only located in numerous journal locations. This reference helps readers overcome these challenging issues with explanations on models, experiments, mechanism analysis, and field applications involved in low salinity and engineered water. Covering significant laboratory, numerical, and field studies, lessons learned are also highlighted along with key areas for future research in this fast-growing area of the oil and gas industry. After an introduction to its techniques, the initial chapters review the main experimental findings and explore the mechanisms behind the impact of LSWI/EWI on oil recovery. The book then moves on to the critical area of modeling and simulation, discusses the geochemistry of LSWI/EWI processes, and applications of LSWI/EWI techniques in the field, including the authors' own recommendations based on their extensive experience. It is an essential reference for professional reservoir and field engineers, researchers and students working on LSWI/EWI and seeking to apply these methods for increased oil recovery.
Front Cover; Low Salinity and Engineered Water Injection for Sandstones and Carbonate Reservoirs; Copyright Page; Dedication; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; 1. Introduction to Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes; References; 2. Experimental Works on Low Salinity/Engineered Water Injection; 2.1 Laboratory Applications of LSWI/EWI on Sandstone Rock; 2.2 Laboratory Applications of LSWI/EWI on Carbonate Rock; 2.2.1 Spontaneous imbibition tests; 2.2.2 Coreflooding experiments; References; 3. Field Applications of Low Salinity/Engineered Water Injection.
3.1 Field Applications of LSWI/EWI on Sandstone Rocks3.2 Field Applications of LSWI/EWI on Carbonate Rocks; References; 4. Mechanisms Behind LSWI/EWI Effect on Oil Recovery; 4.1 Proposed Mechanisms for LSWI/EWI on Sandstone Rocks; 4.1.1 Fine migration; 4.1.2 pH increase; 4.1.3 Multiion exchange; 4.1.4 Salting-in; 4.1.5 Wettability alteration in sandstones; 4.2 Proposed Mechanisms for LSWI/EWI on Carbonate Rocks; 4.2.1 Wettability alteration in carbonates; References; 5. Modeling of the LSWI/EWI Technique in Sandstones and Carbonates; 5.1 General Modeling Approach.
5.2 Field-Scale Modeling and Optimization of LSWI/EWI5.3 Tracer Modeling of LSWI/EWI; References; 6. Geochemistry of Low Salinity/Engineered Water Injection Processes; 6.1 Basic Geochemistry Modeling; 6.1.1 Chemical thermodynamics of equilibrium process; 6.1.2 Activity coefficient models; 6.1.3 Basic geochemistry reactions; 6.2 Mechanistic Modeling of LSWI/EWI; 6.2.1 Description of the UTCOMP simulator; 6.2.2 PHREEQC geochemical engine; 6.2.3 Implementation of geochemical species in UTCOMP and coupling with IPHREEQC; 6.2.4 Batch reaction calculations.
6.2.5 Incorporating hydrocarbon phase effect on aqueous-rock geochemistry6.3 Application of Geochemistry in LSWI/EWI; References; 7. Synergy of LSWI/EWI and Other EOR Processes; 7.1 Conformance Control Application; 7.2 Heavy Oil Application; 7.3 LSWI/EWI and Polymer Flooding Application; 7.4 LSWI/EWI and Surfactant Flooding Application; 7.5 LSWI/EWI and CO2 Flooding Application; References; 8. Comparison of LSWI/EWI Effect on Sandstone and Carbonate Rocks; References; 9. Concluding Remarks; Appendix A: Correlations Used for Estimating Fluid Properties; References; Appendix B: Glossary.
SymbolsGreek Letters; Subscripts/Superscripts; Abbreviations; Appendix C: Dictionary of Geochemical Terms; Index; Back Cover.
Emad Walid Al Shalabi, Kamy Sepehrmoori.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Cambridge, MA : Gulf Professional Publishing, an imprint of Elsevier, [2017]