http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Optimizing the display and interpretation of data
"What information do these data reveal?" "Is the information correct?" "How can I make the best use of the information?" The widespread use of computers and our reliance on the data generated by them have made these questions increasingly common and important. Computerized data may be in either digital or analog form and may be relevant to a wide range of applications that include medical monitoring and diagnosis, scientific research, engineering, quality control, seismology, meteorology, political and economic analysis and business and personal financial applications. The sources of the data may be databases that have been developed for specific purposes or may be of more general interest and include those that are accessible on the Internet. In addition, the data may represent either single or multiple parameters. Examining data in its initial form is often very laborious and also makes it possible to "miss the forest for the trees" by failing to notice patterns in the data that are not readily apparent. To address these problems, this monograph describes several accurate and efficient methods for displaying, reviewing and analyzing digital and analog data. The methods may be used either singly or in various combinations to maximize the value of the data to those for whom it is relevant. None of the methods requires special devices and each can be used on common platforms such as personal computers, tablets and smart phones. Also, each of the methods can be easily employed utilizing widely available off-the-shelf software. Using the methods does not require special expertise in computer science or technology, graphical design or statistical analysis. The usefulness and accuracy of all the described methods of data display, review and interpretation have been confirmed in multiple carefully performed studies using independent, objective endpoints. These studies and their results are described in the monograph. Because of their ease of use, accuracy and efficiency, the methods for displaying, reviewing and analyzing data described in this monograph can be highly useful to all who must work with computerized information and make decisions based upon it
Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Dedication; Contents; Preface; Companion Website; Author Biography; Chapter 1 -- The Scope and Importance of Computerized Data; Reference; Chapter 2 -- Using Z Scores for the Display and Analysis of Data; Description and calculation of Z scores ; Advantages of Z scores for displaying and analyzing data ; Displaying data using Z scores ; Color-Coding Z Scores to Identify Abnormalities ; Using Z Scores to Detect Changes in Data Over Time ; Color-coded Z scores for displaying very large amounts of data ; Statistical Considerations.
Evidence supporting the usefulness of Z scores Calculating and displaying Z scores on a personal computer ; Using Z scores in personal investing ; Choosing Which Stock, Bond, or Fund to Buy ; Deciding When to Buy and When to Sell an Investment ; Using Z scores in geology ; References; Chapter 3 -- Moving Averages for Identifying Trends and Changes in the Data; Time series of data and clustered events ; Preserving information while reducing artifact ; Choosing the durations of moving averages ; Additional types of moving averages ; Comparing parameters for detecting clustered events.
Calculating moving averages on the personal computer The importance of clustered data and moving averages ; References; Chapter 4 -- Using Composite Analog Displays to Summarize and Interpret Data; References; Chapter 5 -- The Stacked Frame Display for the Rapid Review and Analysis of Data; Testing the usefulness of the SFD ; Using the SFD on the personal computer ; References; Chapter 6 -- Effective Methods for Analyzing Digital Data; Chapter 7 -- The Importance of Conditional Probability; Probability and conditional probability ; Bayes' theorem and the symbols used in conditional probability.
Bayesian statistics and Bayes' theorem Expression of Bayes' theorem in symbols ; References; Back Cover.