http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
the impact of host response on biomaterial selection
Host Response to Biomaterials: The Impact of Host Response on Biomaterial Selection explains the various categories of biomaterials and their significance for clinical applications, focusing on the host response to each biomaterial. It is one of the first books to connect immunology and biomaterials with regard to host response. The text also explores the role of the immune system in host response, and covers the regulatory environment for biomaterials, along with the benefits of synthetic versus natural biomaterials, and the transition from simple to complex biomaterial solutions. Fields covered include, but are not limited to, orthopaedic surgery, dentistry, general surgery, neurosurgery, urology, and regenerative medicine.
Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Macrophage Plasticity and Polarization: Relevance to Biomaterials -- Macrophage Diversity and Plasticity -- Macrophage Polarization: M1 and M2 as Extremes of a Continuum. Limitations of the Paradigm -- Macrophages in the Orchestration of Tissue Repair -- Macrophage Polarization in the Response to Biomaterials -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Role of Dendritic Cells in Response to Biomaterials -- Introduction -- DC Immuno-Biology -- DC classes -- DC receptors and adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins -- DC migration -- DC antigen presentation -- DC maturation -- DC-T-cell interaction -- Tolerogenic DCs -- DC Responses to Biomaterials -- DCs in the foreign body response -- Adjuvant effects of biomaterials on DC maturation -- Effect of biomaterial surface chemistry on DC phenotype -- DC maturation responses to biomaterial surface roughness -- Mechanisms involved in DC-biomaterial interactions -- Conclusion-DC Role in Host Responses to Biomaterials -- References -- 8 The Acquired Immune System Response to Biomaterials, Including Both Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Biomaterials -- Introduction -- Antigenicity versus immunogenicity -- The Immune System and Graft Rejection -- Role of innate immune system in graft rejection -- Complement activation -- Chemotaxis and activation of phagocytes -- Role of the acquired (adaptive) immune system in graft rejection -- Humoral-mediated immunity -- Cell-mediated immunity -- Biomaterials as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering -- Natural (decellularized) biomaterials -- Synthetic biomaterials -- Metals -- The Adaptive Host Immune Response to Biomaterials -- Generation of an Immunosuppression-Free State -- Modulation of host immunity -- Reduction in donor tissue antigenicity and immunogenicity -- Future Work and Conclusions -- References.
The Anti-Gal Antibody and the?-Gal Epitope -- Characteristics of the anti-Gal antibody -- Distribution of the?-gal epitope and anti-Gal antibody in mammals -- Expression of?-gal epitopes on ECM glycoproteins and proteoglycans -- Anti-Gal response in recipients of porcine implants -- Avoiding the anti-Gal barrier to porcine implants -- Destruction of?-gal epitopes by?-galactosidase -- GT-KO pigs as a source of implants lacking?-gal epitopes -- Decellularization of implants -- Production of Anti-Non-Gal Antibodies in Humans -- Most homologous porcine proteins are immunogenic in humans -- Anti-non-gal antibody response to pig implants -- Significance of the extent of cross-linking in regeneration of connective tissue implants -- Rapid stem cell recruitment for avoiding effects of anti-non-gal antibodies -- Structure and activity of?-gal nanoparticles -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 Aging and the Host Response to Implanted Biomaterials -- Introduction -- The Host FBR -- Host Inflammatory Response -- The Host Immune Response -- Complement Activation -- The Coagulation Cascade -- Aging-Related Changes in Inflammation, Immune Response, Coagulation, and Complement Activation -- Aging and cell senescence -- Aging and nutritional effects on physiology -- Aging and Immune Functional Changes: Immunosenescence and Changes in Cell Functions, Signaling, and Cell-Cell Interactions -- Aging-related wound repair -- Epigenetic influences in aging -- Aging and stem cell renewal -- Aging and host response to infection -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 12 Host Response to Orthopedic Implants (Metals and Plastics) -- Introduction-Epidemiology and Basic Concepts/Definitions -- Joint Replacement -- Cemented joint replacements -- Cementless joint replacements -- Metallic particles -- Clinical aspects of infection -- Other Clinical Scenarios.
9 Fibrotic Response to Biomaterials and all Associated Sequence of Fibrosis -- Introduction -- Biomaterials and the Wound Healing Paradigm -- Acute inflammation -- Granulation tissue and the foreign body reaction -- Encapsulation by fibrous tissue and capsular contracture -- Tissue remodeling as a consequence of biomaterial presence -- Clinical Applications of Biomaterials Affected by Fibrosis -- Implanted sensors and drug delivery devices -- Implanted biomaterials -- Tissue-engineered constructs -- General Mechanisms of Fibrosis -- Initiation of Fibrosis -- PAMPs and DAMPs due to biofilms, injury, and surface chemistry -- Hypoxia -- Shifts in redox homeostasis -- pH -- Mechanical signals -- Cellular Contributors to Fibrosis -- Granulocytes (neutrophils, mast cells) -- Macrophages -- Other monocyte-derived cells (dendritic cells, FBGCs, fibrocytes) -- Lymphocytes -- Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts -- Molecular Mediators of Fibrosis -- TGF?: the hallmark of fibrosis -- Pro-fibrotic cytokines (ANG II, PDGF, CTGF, ET-1) -- Other molecules involved in myofibroblast differentiation (lysophosphatidic acid, integrins) -- Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, IL-21, and IL-10) -- Th17 cytokines (IL-17A) -- Th1 and inflammatory cytokines (IFN?, IL-1?, and TNF?) -- Morphogen pathways (Wnt, hedgehog, and Notch) -- Matrix degrading enzymes (MMPs and TIMPs) -- Chemokines -- Epigenetic factors -- Engineering Anti-Fibrotic Responses to Biomaterials -- Minimizing fibrosis-initiating signals -- Inhibiting inflammation, pro-fibrotic factors, and signaling cascades -- Targeting specific cell responses -- Regulating ECM production and catabolism -- Other approaches -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 Human Anti-Gal and Anti-Non-Gal Immune Response to Porcine Tissue Implants -- Introduction -- Immune Mechanisms That Affect Tissue Implants.
The Host Response to ECM Biomaterials -- Th1- and Th2-Lymphocyte Response -- Macrophage Polarization -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Molecular Events at Tissue-Biomaterial Interface -- General Principles Guiding Protein Interactions at the Biomaterial Interface -- Introduction -- Protein adsorption at the biomaterial interface -- Hydrophobic interactions -- Charge-charge interactions -- Protein conformation changes -- Protein characteristics at the biomaterial surface -- Hydrophilic versus hydrophobic surfaces -- Surface charge effects -- The role of surface topography -- Summary -- Cell-Protein Interactions at the Interface -- Introduction -- Cellular adhesion principles -- Integrins -- Cell adhesive proteins -- Dynamic environment -- Cell types involved in adhesion -- Platelets -- Macrophages and FBGCs -- Fibroblasts and fibrotic encapsulation -- Lymphocytes in the FBR -- Summary -- Molecular Pathways in the Regulation of Cell Activation and Cell-Cell Interactions -- Introduction -- Biomaterials and inflammasome activation -- Macrophage priming and adhesion in the FBR -- Molecular regulators of macrophage activation and fusion -- JAK/STAT pathway and macrophage activation/fusion -- NF-?B pathway and macrophage activation/fusion -- Additional pathways in FBGC formation -- Summary -- Molecular Pathways Mediating Tissue Remodeling at the Interface -- Introduction -- Extracellular matrix -- Biomaterials and fibrogenic responses -- Molecular determinants of biomaterial-induced fibrogenic responses -- Inflammation and fibrogenesis -- Macrophage activation and implant fibrosis -- Angiogenic responses -- Biomaterials and angiogenesis -- Inflammation and mediators of angiogenic responses -- Biomaterial properties and angiogenesis -- Biomaterial-based strategies and angiogenic responses -- Molecular strategies to enhance angiogenic responses -- Summary.
Front Cover -- Host Response to Biomaterials -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Factors Which Affect the Host Response to Biomaterials -- Introduction -- Biomaterial-Host Interaction -- Host Factors -- Age -- Nutritional Status -- Anatomic Factors -- Comorbidities -- Obesity -- Diabetes -- Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy -- Design Considerations -- References -- 2 Perspectives on the Inflammatory, Healing, and Foreign Body Responses to Biomaterials and Medical Devices -- Introduction -- Blood-Material Interactions/Provisional Matrix Formation -- Acute Inflammation -- Chronic Inflammation -- Granulation Tissue -- Foreign Body Reaction -- Fibrosis/Fibrous Encapsulation -- Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses -- Discussion and Perspectives -- References -- 3 The Biocompatibility of Implant Materials -- Introduction -- The Meaning of Biocompatibility -- Biocompatibility: Historical Thinking -- Biocompatibility Today -- Toxicology -- Organisms colonizing biomaterials and their impact on bioreaction -- Mechanical effects -- Cell-biomaterials interactions -- Changing the Paradigm of Biocompatibility -- Relevance to Biocompatibility -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Host Response to Naturally Derived Biomaterials -- Introduction -- The Use of Decellularized Tissue as a Biomaterial for Surgical Reconstruction and Constructive Remodeling -- Immune Rejection -- Decellularization Processes --?-Gal Epitope -- DNA Content and Degree of Decellularization -- Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules -- Chemical Cross-Linking of ECM Scaffolds -- Response to Individual ECM Components and Degradation Products -- Degradation of Naturally Derived Biomaterials -- Protease-mediated degradation -- ECM fragments -- Effect of Source Animal Age on Natural Biomaterial Host Response.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Host Response to Biomaterials : The Impact of Host Response on Biomaterial Selection