http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
1 online resource (xvii, 486 pages) : illustrations.
From long-standing worries regarding the use of lead and asbestos to recent research into carcinogenic issues related to the use of plastics in construction, there is growing concern regarding the potential toxic effects of building materials on health. Toxicity of building materials provides an essential guide to this important problem and its solutions. Beginning with an overview of the material types and potential health hazards presented by building materials, the book goes on to consider key plastic materials. Materials responsible for formaldehyde and volatile organic compound emissions, as well as semi-volatile organic compounds, are then explored in depth, before a review of wood preservatives and mineral fibre-based building materials. Issues related to the use of radioactive materials and materials that release toxic fumes during burning are the focus of subsequent chapters, followed by discussion of the range of heavy metals, materials prone to mould growth, and antimicrobials. Finally, Toxicity of building materials concludes by considering the potential hazards posed by waste based/recycled building materials, and the toxicity of nanoparticles. With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Toxicity of building materials is an invaluable tool for all civil engineers, materials researchers, scientists and educators working in the field of building materials. Provides an essential guide to the potential toxic effects of building materials on healthComprehensively examines materials responsible for formaldehyde and volatile organic compound emissions, as well as semi-volatile organic compoundsLater chapters focus on issues surrounding the use of radioactive materials and materials that release toxic fumes during burning.
1. main health hazards from building materials / A. Fucic -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Radiation -- 1.3. Chemical carcinogens and endocrine disruptors -- 1.4. Nanoparticles -- 1.5. Conclusion and future trends -- 1.6. References -- 2. Plastic materials: polyvinyl chloride (PVC) / G. Akovali -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC -- CAS number: 9002-86-2) -- 2.3. Building applications of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) -- 2.4. Health and safety concerns and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) -- 2.5. Alternatives to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) -- 2.6. References and further reading -- 3. Plastic materials: chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), chlorinated polyvinylchloride (CPVC), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE) and polychloroprene rubber (CR) / G. Akovali -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Structure and properties of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), chlorinated polyvinylchloride (CPVC), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE) and polychloroprene rubber (CR) -- 3.3. Alternative materials -- 3.4. Sources of further information -- 3.5. References and further reading -- 4. Materials responsible for formaldehyde and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions / J. C. Little -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Toxicology of formaldehyde -- 4.3. Emission testing of formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) -- 4.4. Emission models of formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) -- 4.5. Determination of the characteristic emission parameters -- 4.6. Influence of environmental factors on emissions of formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) -- 4.7. Conclusion and future trends -- 4.8. Sources of further information -- 4.9. References -- 5. Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs): phthalates and flame retardants / J. C. Little -- 5.1. Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the indoor environment -- 5.2. Emission of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) from building materials and consumer products -- 5.3. Exposure to semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) emitted from building materials and consumer products -- 5.4. References -- 6. Wood preservatives / L. Tiruta-Barna -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Types of preservatives and their potential hazards -- 6.3. Potential toxic effects and ways they can be assessed -- 6.4. Remedial action -- 6.5. Conclusion and future trends -- 6.6. References -- 7. Mineral fibre-based building materials and their health hazards / A. F. Gualtieri -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Classification of asbestos and mineral fibres, their structure, microstructure and properties -- 7.3. Health effects of asbestos minerals -- 7.4. Use of asbestos in building materials -- 7.5. reclamation of asbestos -- 7.6. disposal of asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) and recycling -- 7.7. Conclusion and future trends -- 7.8. Sources of further information and advice -- 7.9. References -- 8. Radioactive materials / K. Kovler -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) -- 8.3. Radon exhalation, emanation and diffusion length -- 8.4. Measurements of radionuclide composition -- 8.5. Measurement of radon exhalation -- 8.6. Building materials as gamma emitters -- 8.7. Building materials with enhanced concentrations of natural radionuclides -- 8.8. Building products with enhanced radon exhalation rate -- 8.9. Control of radioactivity of building materials in regulations -- 8.10. References and further reading -- 9. Materials that release toxic fumes during fire / Z. Doroudiani -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Fire behaviour of building materials -- 9.3. effects of conditions on the initiation and propagation of fire -- 9.4. Health effects and analysis of combustion products -- 9.5. Remedial actions -- 9.6. Future trends for reducing toxic substances in fire and related resources -- 9.7. Conclusion -- 9.8. References -- 10. Heavy metals: lead / C. R. Hayes -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Use of lead in buildings and drinking water contamination -- 10.3. Toxicity of lead to humans -- 10.4. Assessing the risk associated with lead in drinking water -- 10.5. Lead pipe replacement and fittings containing lead -- 10.6. Corrective water treatment -- 10.7. Recommendations -- 10.8. Sources of further information and advice -- 10.9. References -- 11. Other heavy metals: antimony, cadmium, chromium and mercury / O. E. Orisakwe -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Antimony -- 11.3. Cadmium -- 11.4. Chromium -- 11.5. Mercury -- 11.6. Remedial actions -- 11.7. Future trends -- 11.8. Conclusions -- 11.9. References -- 12. Materials prone to mould growth / M. D'Orazio -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Mould fungi in construction materials -- 12.3. Algae in construction materials -- 12.4. Potential toxic effects and ways they can be monitored -- 12.5. Remedial actions and future trends -- 12.6. Sources of further information and advice -- 12.7. References -- 13. Antimicrobial treatment and efficacy / M. Y. Menetrez -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Research programs -- 13.3. Static microbial test chamber -- 13.4. Dynamic microbial test chamber -- 13.5. Effects of moisture, relative humidity (RH) and dust -- 13.6. Duct cleaning effectiveness on microbial growth -- 13.7. Evaluation of antimicrobial treatments as control technologies -- 13.8. Antimicrobial product acknowledgment -- 13.9. Conclusions -- 13.10. Future trends -- 13.11. Sources of further information -- 13.12. References -- 14. Potential hazards from waste based/recycled building materials / R. Barna -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Main types of building materials containing wastes -- 14.3. Waste properties and potential hazards -- 14.4. Scenarios of pollutant emission from construction materials -- 14.5. Potential hazard assessment for construction materials in their service life -- 14.6. Conclusion and future trends -- 14.7. References and further reading -- 15. Toxicity of nanoparticles / C. Buzea -- 15.1. Introduction to nanoparticle and nanomaterial toxicity -- 15.2. Morphology, classification, and properties of nanomaterials -- 15.3. Types of building materials incorporating nanomaterials -- 15.4. uptake of nanoparticles and their toxicity -- 15.5. Diseases associated with nanoparticle exposure -- 15.6. Detection of occupational nanoparticles and remedial action -- 15.7. Sources of further information and advice -- 15.8. Conclusion and future trends -- 15.9. References.
edited by F. Pacheco-Torgal, S. Jalali and A. Fucic.
Includes bibliographical references and index.