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Advances in imaging and electron physics
1 online resource (xv, 423 pages) : illustrations
Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials--Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. This series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains. Key features: * Contributions from leading authorities * Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field.
Front Cover; Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics; Copyright; Table of Contents; Preface; Contributors; Future Contributions; 1 Derivation of the Reflection Equations for Higher-Order Aberrations of Local Wave Fronts by Oblique Incidence; 1. Introduction; 1.1. Rays, Wave Fronts, and Aberrations; 1.2. Classification of Aberrations; 1.3. Scope of the Work; 2. Definitions and Notation; 2.1. Coordinate Systems; 2.2. Description of Wave Fronts; 2.3. Local Properties of Wave Fronts and Surface; 3. Mathematical Approach in the 2D Case; 3.1. Coordinates in the 2D Case
3.2. Description of Wave Fronts in the 2D Case3.3. Normal Vectors and their Derivatives; 3.4. Ansatz for Determining the Reflection Equations; 3.5. Solving Techniques for the Fundamental Equation; 3.6. Solutions for the General Reflection Equations; 3.7. Generalization of the Coddington Equation; 4. Mathematical Approach in the 3D Case; 4.1. Wave Fronts and Normal Vectors; 4.2. Ansatz for Determining the Reflection Equations; 4.3. Solutions for the General Reflection Equations; 4.4. Generalization of the Coddington Equation; 5. Results and Discussion; 5.1. The 2D Case; 5.2. The 3D Case
6. Examples and Applications6.1. Aspherical Surface Correction Up to Sixth Order; 6.2. Special Examples; 6.2.1. Spherical Mirror; 6.2.2. Parabolic Mirror; 6.2.3. Plane Mirror; 6.3. A Numerical Example; 7. Summary; References; 2 Thermal Imaging in Medicine; 1. Introduction; 2. The Physics Behind Thermal Imaging; 3. Medical Thermal Imaging; 4. Physiological Modeling of Heat Flow in Thermal Image Analysis; 5. Infrared Thermal Imaging in the Detection and Diagnosis of Various Medical Problems; 5.1. Tumor and Breast Cancer Detection; 5.2. Raynaud's Phenomenon; 5.3. Assessment of Pain
5.3.1. Diseases of the Skeletal and Neuromuscular Systems5.3.2. Headache and Migraine; 5.4. Vascular Disorders; 5.5. Anxiety, Stress, and Sleep Apnea; 6. Data-Processing Methods Used in the Analysis of Medical Thermograms; 6.1. Solving the Inverse Problem; 6.2. Extracting Indicators from Thermogram Images; 6.2.1. Image Segmentation for ROI Detection; 6.2.2. Asymmetry-Based Features; 6.2.3. Other Features; 6.2.4. Classification Methods; 6.3. Discussion on the Merits and Demerits of the Two Approaches; 7. Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References
3 Derivation of the Radiative Transfer Equation in a Medium with a Spatially Varying Refractive Index: A Review1. The Radiative Transfer Equation; 1.1. Introduction; 1.2. Derivation of a Radiative Transfer Equation; 1.3. Phase-Space Representation; 2. Energy Conservation; 2.1. Energy Conservation Equation; 2.2. The Laws of Geometrical Optics; 2.3. The Inverse Square Law; 3. Hamiltonian Formulation of Radiative Transfer; 3.1. Hamiltonian for Ray Optics; 3.2. Reformulation of the Radiative Transfer Equation; 4. The Diffusion Approximation; 5. Conclusion; References
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Advances in imaging and electron physics ; v171