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'Equivocation in Early Modern England' explores ideas about concealing the truth while seemingly revealing it. It is about the conflict, whether historical or fictional, between the interrogator's desire to gain information, the suspect's desire to hide the information, and the divine prohibition against lying. The Gunpowder Plot supposedly led to the revelation of the doctrine of equivocation, a secret teaching of the Roman Catholic Church that enabled concealing one's intentions and knowledge without lying. This book examines conflicting meanings of 'equivocation' to show how contemporary writers made sense of the theological-political debates, and how this in turn shaped their writings and understanding of how language works.
Cover -- Equivocation in Early Modern England : Literature, Rhetoric, Theology -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Introduction The long history of equivocation -- Note on the Text -- Part I: Speech Conceived in Adultery -- 1: 'Utrum sententia vera sit': The Changing Concepts of Ambiguity in Later Sixteenth-Century Education in England -- 1.1 Introduction: Virgil's Aeneid and the First Encounters with Ambiguity -- 1.2 Moral Education in Grammar School: Ovid's Metamorphoses and Cicero's De officiis
1.3 Ambiguity in Sixteenth-Century University Education -- 1.3.1 Rhetorical Education: Cicero, Quintilian, Melanchthon -- 1.3.2 Dialectical Education: Aristotle, Melanchthon, John Case -- 1.4 Conclusion: The Conflicting Views on Ambiguity -- 2: Human Ears and the Judgement of God Deceit or Self-Defence? -- 2.1 Introduction: The Role of Ambiguity in Casuistry -- 2.2 Words Weighed Through the Heart or the Heart Weighed Through the Words: Navarrus and Mental Reservation -- 2.3 The Anglo-Romans' Auricular Murmurs: Casuistry and Abbot's De mendacio (1597/8)
2.4 'Fower wayes how to conceale a trewth without makinge of a lye': Garnet and the Treatise of Equivocation -- 2.5 Conclusion: Casuistry and Shakespeare's Measure for Measure -- 3: 'Engendering a false conceit' The Gunpowder Plot and the Emergence of Jesuitical Equivocation -- 3.1 Introduction: The Gunpowder Plot and Theological Controversy -- 3.2 The Theological and Political Context -- 3.2.1 St Augustine on Lying -- 3.2.2 The 'true and perfect relation' of Henry Garnet's Trial -- 3.3 The Controversy over Equivocation -- 3.3.1 Morton and Persons State Their Positions
3.3.2 Morton and Persons Refine Their Positions -- 3.4 Conclusion: Lying and Equivocation -- Part II: The Demise and Resurrection of Monstruous Equivocation -- 4: 'What species of monster is equivocation' Shakespeare, Donne, Casaubon, and the International Controversy about the Jesuits' Words -- 4.1 Introduction: The New Meanings of Equivocation -- 4.2 Equivocation in Shakespeare (1603-6) -- 4.3 The Climax of Anti-Jesuit Propaganda in England: Henry Mason's The New Art of Lying (1624) -- 4.4 King James's International Controversy: Isaac Casaubon versus Eudaemon-Joannes (1611-14)
4.5 The Anti-Jesuit Satire of John Donne (1610-11) -- 4.6 Conclusion -- 5: The Afterlife of Equivocation -- 5.1 Introduction: Equivocation beyond England (1625-2000) -- 5.2 Pascal's Lettres Provinciales and Probabilism (1656-7) -- 5.3 The Condemnation of Equivocation (1679) -- 5.4 Problems with the Condemnation: Is It Really the End? (1679-2000) -- 5.5 Conclusion -- Conclusion: Equivocation between Euripides and Bill Cain -- Bibliography -- Primary -- Secondary -- Index
Includes bibliographical references and index.