Table of Contents:
  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgements
  • Contents
  • List of Figures
  • List of Appendices Figures
  • List of Tables
  • List of Appendices Tables
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 From Exceptional to Indicative
  • 1.2 Electoral Quotas and Gender Equality
  • 1.3 The Argument in Brief
  • Quotas as System Disruptors
  • Quotas as Individual Career Catalysts
  • 1.4 Scope of the Argument
  • Why the EP and Brussels Matter
  • European Data for a Global Argument
  • 1.5 The Importance of the Question
  • 1.6 Plan of the Book
  • 2 A Theory of Gender Quotas as Positive Disruptors for Political Careers
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Thinking Linearly about Career Progression and Gender
  • Exploring Differences in the Linear Careers within Parties and Institutions
  • Disrupting Linear Career Relationships
  • 2.3 The Importance of the Context
  • 2.4 Career Life Cycles and the European Parliament
  • The European Parliament as a Multinational Laboratory
  • Candidate Recruitment and Selection
  • Candidate Experience and Candidate Quality
  • Connecting Elected Politicians across Multiple Offices
  • Internal Advancement within Elected Office
  • 2.5 Conclusion
  • 3 Women, Men, and the History of Gender Quotas in European Elections
  • 3.1 Global Context
  • Quota Strength
  • Electoral Systems: PR v. FPTP
  • Electoral Threshold
  • List Types
  • Placement Mandates
  • Enforcement
  • 3.2 Quota Implementation in Europe and Beyond
  • 3.3 National Political Systems in European Elections
  • 3.4 Tracing the Impact of Quotas on the Political Life Cycle
  • Quantitative Data Sources
  • Qualitative Evidence Base
  • 3.5 Descriptive Presence of Quotas in the EP
  • Women's Representation over Time
  • 3.6 Validating the Effectiveness of Quotas in the EP
  • Do Quotas Work in the EP? Evidence from Our Data
  • 3.7 Conclusion
  • 4 Deep and Wide: Quota Implementation and the Candidate Pool in European Elections
  • 4.1 Gender and the Candidate Selection Processes
  • Candidate Supply
  • Candidate Demand
  • Gender Quotas and Selection
  • 4.2 Hypothesizing Quota Implementation and Political Party Lists
  • 4.3 Empirical Strategy
  • 4.4 Do Quotas Lead to Ballot Access?
  • 4.5 Do Quotas Improve Women's Electability?
  • 4.6 Do Quotas Lead to Women's Election?
  • 4.7 Age of Selection
  • 4.8 Conclusions
  • 5 Gender Quota Adoption and the Qualifications of Parliamentarians
  • 5.1 Quotas and Descriptive Representation
  • 5.2 Quotas and Qualifications
  • 5.3 Theory and Hypothesis
  • 5.4 Empirical Strategy
  • Identifying the Empirical Model
  • 5.5 The Impact of Quota Legislation on Educational Background
  • Single-Gender Models: Mechanism for Increased Quality
  • 5.6 Quotas Effects Over Time
  • 5.7 Exploring Quotes from Different Perspectives
  • 5.8 Discussion and Conclusion
  • 6 Quotas and Career Progression across Multiple Levels of Elected Office
  • 6.1 Introduction