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Forms and structure in Plato's metaphysics
"This book investigates the thought of two of the most influential philosophers of antiquity, Plato and his predecessor Anaxagoras, with respect to their metaphysical accounts of objects and their properties. It introduces a fresh perspective on these two thinkers' ideas, displaying the debt of Plato's theory on Anaxagoras's, and principally arguing that their core metaphysical concept is overlap; overlap between properties and things in the world. Initially Plato endorses Anaxagoras's model of constitutional overlap, and subsequently develops qualitative overlap. Overlap is the crux to our understanding of Plato's theory of participation of objects in Forms; of his account of relatives without relations; of the role of Forms as causes; of the transcendent normativity of Forms; of the metaphysics of necessity; and of the role of the Great Kinds and of the paradeigma in the development of Plato's thought. This book shows Plato as ground-breaking in the history of metaphysics, in different ways from those acknowledged so far, and with respect to more metaphysical questions than had been hitherto appreciated; e.g. Plato's treatment of structure as property, of complexity, and his introduction of the first ever account of metaphysical emergence. In addition to these results, the book makes Anaxagoras's and Plato's systems philosophically accessible to us, today's philosophers, by applying conceptual tools from analytic metaphysics to the study of ancient metaphysics. In this way, the book brings Anaxagoras's and Plato's ideas to bear on todays' philosophical discussions and opens up new venues of research for current philosophical discussions"--
Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1. Anaxagoras's metaphysical foundations -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. What there is -- 1.3. Opposite properties and their causal efficacy -- 1.4. Like causes like -- 1.5. Gunky Opposites -- 1.5.1. The Opposites exist as unlimitedly divided into parts -- 1.5.2. The Opposites are homoeomers -- 1.6. Closing remarks -- 2. Making things up -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Presence and preponderance of Opposites -- 2.3. A bundle theory of objects -- 2.4. Seeds of structure -- 2.5. The world is one
2.6. The role of nous -- 2.7. Closing remarks -- Appendix: What are Plato and Aristotle complaining about? -- 3. Plato's Forms as powers -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. The Eleatic Principle -- 3.3. The Forms as causes -- 3.4. Transcendent powers -- 3.5. Closing remarks -- 4. Forms in objects -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Being present in versus belonging to an object -- 4.3. Presence or communion? -- 4.4. The non-​recurrence of Forms -- 4.5. The Forms' uniqueness -- 4.6. The Paradox of Smallness -- 4.7. Is self-​predication self-​predication? -- 4.8. Quantitative or functional parts of Forms?
4.9. Closing remarks -- 5. Parts, or no parts? -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. The Forms as logical fusions -- 5.3. Being monoeides versus being a homoeomer -- 5.4. Platonic hylomorphism -- 5.5. Composite by becoming: the Third Man Argument -- 5.6. Closing remarks -- 6. Overlap, relations and relatives -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Plural partaking: joint-​partaking and parallel-​partaking -- 6.2.1. Symmetric 'relations' as joint-​partaking -- 6.2.2. Asymmetric 'relations' as parallel-​partaking -- 6.2.3. Multigrade 'relations' -- 6.3. Necessity as plural partaking -- 6.4. Regresses of Great Kinds
6.5. Building the paradeigma -- 6.6. Closing remarks -- Appendix: Reifying relatives: the Forms of Master and Slave -- 7. The paradeigma shift -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. The Third Man Argument resolved -- 7.3. Being, becoming, and time -- 7.4. Transcendent necessity -- 7.5. The Demiurge and the paradeigma -- 7.6. Geometrical chemistry -- 7.7. Top-​down and bottom-​up structure -- 7.8. Closing remarks -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index Locorum -- Index
Includes bibliographical references and index.
New York, NY, United States of America : Oxford University Press, [2021]