http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
emergence of subjectivity in the ancient and medieval world
an interpretation of western civilization
This volume presents a philosophical analysis of the development of Western civilization from antiquity to the Middle Ages by tracing the various self-conceptions of different cultures as they developed historically, reflecting different views of what it is to be human and the rise of the concept of subjectivity.
Introduction: The Humanities---Questions of Identity and Difference -- 0.1 Defining the Humanities -- 0.1.1 Content: The Subject Matter of the Humanities -- 0.1.2 Form: The Methodology of the Humanities -- 0.2 The Human Mind and Its Objectification -- 0.3 The Contribution of the Present Study -- 0.3.1 A Philosophical Approach to Western Civilization -- 0.3.2 The Notion of Subjectivity -- 1. The Epic of Gilgamesh -- 1.1 The Initial Description of Gilgamesh and Uruk -- 1.2 Enkidu and the Story of the Fall -- 1.3 The Battle with Humbaba -- 1.4 The Death of Enkidu and the Nature of the Gods -- 1.5 Gilgamesh's Journey -- 1.6 The Flood -- 1.7 Immortality Lost -- 1.8 The Mesopotamians' Pessimistic World-View -- 1.9 Nature, Civilization, and Human Agency -- 2. The Hebrew Bible: Genesis and the Book of Job -- 2.1 The Creation: The Conception of God -- 2.2 The Creation: The Conception of Human Beings -- 2.3 The Fall -- 2.4 The Flood -- 2.5 The Tower of Babel -- 2.6 The Problem of Justice in Job -- 2.7 The Pessimistic World-View in Job -- 2.8 The Legal Metaphor in Job -- 2.9 The Incongruities in the Work -- 2.10 The Protest against the Gods -- 2.11 The Limited Conception of Individuality -- 3. Homer's Odyssey -- 3.1 The Story and Structure of the Odyssey -- 3.2 Odysseus and Kalypso -- 3.3 The Lotus-Eaters -- 3.4 The Cyclops -- 3.5 Circe -- 3.6 The Underworld -- 3.7 The Sirens -- 3.8 The Warrior Ethic -- 3.9 The Greek View of Human Nature -- 4. Herodotus' Histories -- 4.1 Scholarly History Versus Mythology -- 4.2 The Story of Gyges -- 4.3 Solon and Croesus -- 4.4 The Relativity of Values -- 4.5 The Story of Polycrates and Nemesis -- 4.6 The Debate about the Best Form of Government -- 4.7 Xerxes' Plans to Invade Greece -- 4.8 Xerxes at the Hellespont -- 4.9 Justice as a Matter of Balance -- 5. Sophocles' Oedipus the King -- 5.1 The Search for Knowledge -- 5.2 Self-Knowledge and the Riddle of the Sphinx -- 5.3 Natural Law Versus Relativism -- 5.4 Human Agency and Culpability -- 5.5 The Inevitability of Fate -- 5.6 Greek Ethics -- 5.7 Judging the Human Condition -- 5.8 The Unquestioned Value of Science and Knowledge -- 5.9 Fate and the Good Life -- 6. Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War -- 6.1 Thucydides' Goal and Method -- 6.2 Pericles' Funeral Oration -- 6.3 The Plague in Athens -- 6.4 The Political Repercussions for Pericles -- 6.5 The Revolt in Corcyra -- 6.6 The Melian Dialogue -- 6.7 Human Nature and Ethics -- 7. Plato's Gorgias and Apology -- 7.1 The Gorgias: Callicles' Argument -- 7.2 Socrates' Refutation of the Arguments of Callicles -- 7.3 A Mythological View of Judgment and Life after Death -- 7.4 Socrates' Divine Mission -- 7.5 Socrates, the Gods, and the Daimon -- 7.6 Socrates' Defense of Philosophy -- 7.7 Socrates as the Gadfly of Athens -- 7.8 Socrates on the Nature of Death and a New Conception of the Self -- 7.9 The New Role of Subjectivity -- 8. Aristotle's Politics -- 8.1 Introduction to the Politics -- 8.2 The Nature of Human Beings and the State -- 8.3 The Institution of Slavery -- 8.4 The Other Relations of the Household -- 8.5 Political Science and the Forms of Government -- 8.6 Democracy and Oligarchy -- 8.7 The Best Form of Government -- 8.8 The Limitations of Empiricism -- 8.9 Aristotle's Refutation of the Split between Nature and Law -- 9. Virgil's Aeneid -- 9.1 The Fall of Troy -- 9.2 Dido -- 9.3 The Struggle Between Duty and Inclination -- 9.4 Tartarus and the Question of Divine Justice -- 9.5 Elysium -- 9.6 Anchises' Anticipation of Roman History -- 9.7 The Shield of Aeneas -- 9.8 The Discovery of Inwardness -- 10. Seneca's Moral Letters -- 10.1 Introduction to Seneca's Moral Letters -- 10.2 Living According to Nature -- 10.3 The Retreat to the Inward Sphere -- 10.4 The Cultivation of the Inward Virtues -- 10.5 Stoic Indifference and Self-Sufficiency -- 10.6 The Stoic Conception of God and Human Beings -- 10.7 Seneca's Conception of Equality -- 10.8 Providence and Divine Justice -- 10.9 Seneca's Modern Relevance -- 11. The New Testament: Matthew -- 11.1 Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew -- 11.2 Criticism of the Greco-Roman Warrior Ethic -- 11.3 The Inversion of Values -- 11.4 The Development of Inwardness -- 11.5 Christianity and Judaism -- 11.6 Jesus' Miracles: The Relation to Nature -- 11.7 The Notion of Offense -- 11.8 The Messiah and the Kingdom of Heaven -- 11.9 Nietzsche's Criticism of Christian Ethics -- 12. Augustine's City of God -- 12.1 Augustine and Virgil -- 12.2 The Fall of Rome and the Gods -- 12.3 Augustine's Philosophy of History -- 12.4 A New Conception of Ethics and the Expansion of Sinfulness -- 12.5 A New Conception of the Origin of Evil -- 12.6 Augustine's Theodicy -- 12.7 The Prohibition of Suicide -- 12.8 Augustine's Critical Evaluation of Roman Decadence -- 12.9 The Struggle for Meaning -- 13. Dante's Inferno -- 13.1 Dante's Hell and the Underworlds of Homer and Virgil -- 13.2 The Beginning of the Work -- 13.3 Divine Justice -- 13.4 Divine Punishment -- 13.5 The Changed Role of Pity -- 13.6 The Virtuous Pagans -- 13.7 The Changed Role of the Body -- 13.8 A New Role for Odysseus -- 13.9 Understanding the Role of Humans in the Universe -- 14. The Dialectic of the Ancient and Modern Principles: Homer and the Internet -- 14.1 Content and Form in the Notion of Subjectivity -- 14.2 Alienation -- 14.3 The Modern Struggle to Establish Self-Identity -- 14.4 Narcissism and Overcoming the Limitations of Time and Space -- 14.5 The Creation of Illusory Identities and the Erosion of the Other -- 14.6 The Rise of Relativism and the Disappearance of Truth -- 14.7 The Perceived Threat and the Creation of the Opposite Principle -- 14.8 The Need for a Balance.
Includes bibliographical references and index.