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This volume of essays by one of the world's foremost Kant scholars explores the efforts of the great Enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) to construct a moral philosophy based on the premise that the most fundamental value for human beings is their freedom to set their own ends.
Cover; Virtues of Freedom; Copyright; Preface; Contents; Abbreviations; Sources; Introduction; 1: Kant, Autonomy, and Modernity; 1. Introduction; 2. The Ancient Aspects of Autonomy; 3. Kant's Conception of Autonomy; 4. Arguing for Autonomy; Part I: The Value of Freedom; 2: Is and Ought: From Hume to Kant, and Now; 1. Introduction; 2. Hume; 3. Kames and Smith; 4. Kant; 5. Conclusion; 3: Freedom as the Foundation of Morality: Kant's Early Efforts; 1. Finding a Foundation for the Categorical Imperative; 2. Formulating the Categorical Imperative; 3. The Foundation of the Categorical Imperative
4. Conclusion; 4: Freedom and the Essential Ends of Humankind; 1. Essential, Universal, and Complete Ends; 2. The Development of Kant's View of Freedom as our Essential End; 3. Kant's Mature View of Freedom as our Essential End; 5: Kantian Perfectionism; 1. Kant and Virtue Ethics; 2. Wolffian Perfectionism; 3. Kantian Perfectionism; 6: Setting and Pursuing Ends: Internal and External Freedom; 1. The Greatest Use of Freedom; 2. Derivations of Duties; 3. The General Duty Not to Restrict Freedom Unnecessarily; 4. The Derivation of Duties from This Idea; 7: Freedom, Ends, and Duties in Vigilantius
1. The Essential End of Mankind; 2. Strategies for the Derivation of Duties; 3. Deriving Duties from Freedom Alone; Part II: The Actuality of Freedom; 8: The Proof-Structure of the Groundwork and the Role of Section III; 1. Introduction; 2. Two Senses of the Analytic-Synthetic Distinction; 3. Apagogic and Ostensive Argumentation within Section II; 4. The Indirect and Direct Arguments for the Formulation of the Categorical Imperative; 5. Redeeming the Postulate; 9: Proving Ourselves Free; 1. The Irrelevance of Determinism?; 2. Kant and the Irrelevance of Determinism?
3. Kant on the Threat of Determinism; 4. Kant's Proof of Transcendental Freedom in the Groundwork; 5. Kant's Proof of Transcendental Freedom in the Critique of Practical Reason; 6. The Moral Standing of Other Persons; 7. Holding Ourselves and Others Responsible; 10: Problems with Freedom: Kant's Argument in Groundwork III and its Subsequent Emendations; 1. Problems with Freedom; 2. The Argument of Groundwork III; 3. Answering the First Two Questions; 4. Answering the Third Question; 11: Natural and Rational Belief: Kant's Final Words?; 1. Introduction; 2. Hume's Final Chapters
3. Kant's Not Yet Final Words; 4. Conclusion; Part III: The Achievement of Freedom; 12: A Passion for Reason: Hume, Kant, and the Motivation for Morality; 1. Introduction; 2. Hume: Calm Passion and a Passion for Calm; 3. Kant: A Passion for Freedom; 13: The Obligation to be Virtuous: Kant's Conception of the Tugendverpflichtung; 1. Duties of Virtue and the Obligation to be Virtuous; 2. Two Conceptions of Duty; 3. The Obligation to be Virtuous as an Obligation to Strengthen Oneś Resolve; 14: Kant on Moral Feelings: From the Lectures to the Metaphysics of Morals; 1. Introduction
2. Kant's Early View of Moral Feeling: The Lectures and the Groundwork
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press, 2016