Table of Contents:
  • Machine generated contents note: chapter 0 From the Ground Up
  • 0.1.Introduction
  • 0.2.Examples of Signal Processing Applications
  • 0.2.1.Compact-Disc (CD) Player
  • 0.2.2.Software-Defined Radio and Cognitive Radio
  • 0.2.3.Computer-Control Systems
  • 0.3.Implementation of Digital Signal Processing Algorithms
  • 0.3.1.Microprocessors and Micro-Controllers
  • 0.3.2.Digital Signal Processors
  • 0.3.3.Field Programmable Gate Arrays
  • 0.4.Continuous or Discrete?
  • 0.4.1.Continuous and Discrete Representations
  • 0.4.2.Derivatives and Finite Differences
  • 0.4.3.Integrals and Summations
  • 0.4.4.Differential and Difference Equations
  • 0.5.Complex or Real?
  • 0.5.1.Complex Numbers and Vectors
  • 0.5.2.Functions of a Complex Variable
  • 0.5.3.Phasors and Sinusoidal Steady State
  • 0.5.4.The Phasor Connection
  • 0.6.Soft Introduction to MATLAB
  • 0.6.1.Numerical Computations
  • 0.6.2.Symbolic Computations
  • 0.7.Problems
  • 0.7.1.Basic Problems
  • 0.7.2.Problems Using MATLAB
  • chapter 1 Continuous-Time Signals
  • 1.1.Introduction
  • 1.2.Classification of Time-Dependent Signals
  • 1.3.Continuous-Time Signals
  • 1.3.1.Addition, Constant Multiplication, Time Shifting and Reflection
  • 1.3.2.Even and Odd Signals
  • 1.3.3.Periodic and Aperiodic Signals
  • 1.3.4.Finite-Energy and Finite-Power Signals
  • 1.4.Representation of Continuous-Time Signals Using Basic Signals
  • 1.4.1.Complex Exponentials
  • 1.4.2.Unit Step, Unit Impulse and Ramp Signals
  • 1.4.3.Generic Representation of Signals
  • 1.5.Time Scaling, Modulation, Windowing and Integration
  • 1.6.Special Signals-the Sampling and the Sinc Signals
  • 1.7.What Have We Accomplished? Where Do We Go From Here?
  • 1.8.Problems
  • 1.8.1.Basic Problems
  • 1.8.2.Problems Using MATLAB
  • chapter 2 Continuous-lime Systems
  • 2.1.Introduction
  • 2.2.System Concept and Classification
  • 2.3.Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Continuous-Time Systems
  • 2.3.1.Linearity
  • 2.3.2.Time-Invariance
  • 2.3.3.Representation of Systems by Ordinary Differential Equations
  • 2.4.The Convolution Integral
  • 2.4.1.Impulse Response and Convolution Integral
  • 2.4.2.Interconnection of Systems-Block Diagrams
  • 2.5.Causality
  • 2.5.1.Graphical Computation of Convolution Integral
  • 2.6.Bounded Input-Bounded Output Stability
  • 2.7.What Have We Accomplished? Where Do We Go From Here?
  • 2.8.Problems
  • 2.8.1.Basic Problems
  • 2.8.2.Problems Using MATLAB
  • chapter 3 The Laplace Transform
  • 3.1.Introduction
  • 3.2.The Two-Sided Laplace Transform
  • 3.2.1.Eigenfunctions of LTI Systems
  • 3.2.2.Region of Convergence
  • 3.3.The One-Sided Laplace Transform
  • 3.4.Properties of the One-Sided Laplace Transform
  • 3.4.1.Linearity
  • 3.4.2.Differentiation
  • 3.4.3.Integration
  • 3.4.4.Time-Shifting
  • 3.4.5.Duality
  • 3.4.6.Convolution Integral
  • 3.5.Inverse Laplace Transform
  • 3.5.1.Inverse of One-Sided Laplace Transforms
  • 3.5.2.Inverse of Functions Containing e-Ps Terms
  • 3.6.The Transfer Function of LTI Systems
  • 3.7.Analysis of LTI Systems Represented by Differential Equations
  • 3.8.Inverse of Two-Sided Laplace Transforms
  • 3.9.What Have We Accomplished? Where Do We Go From Here?
  • 3.10.Problems
  • 3.10.1.Basic Problems
  • 3.10.2.Problem Using MATLAB
  • chapter 4 Frequency Analysis: The Fourier Series
  • 4.1.Introduction
  • 4.2.Eigenfunctions Revisited
  • 4.3.Complex Exponential Fourier Series
  • 4.3.1.Line Spectrum-Power Distribution Over Frequency
  • 4.3.2.Trigonometric Fourier Series
  • 4.3.3.Fourier Series and Laplace Transform
  • 4.3.4.Reflection and Even and Odd Periodic Signals
  • 4.3.5.Convergence of the Fourier Series
  • 4.3.6.Time and Frequency Shifting
  • 4.4.Response of LTI Systems to Periodic Signals
  • 4.4.1.Filtering of Periodic Signals
  • 4.5.Operations Using Fourier Series
  • 4.5.1.Sum of Periodic Signals
  • 4.5.2.Multiplication of Periodic Signals
  • 4.5.3.Derivatives and Integrals of Periodic Signals
  • 4.5.4.Amplitude and Time Scaling of Periodic Signals
  • 4.6.What Have We Accomplished? Where Do We Go From Here?
  • 4.7.Problems
  • 4.7.1.Basic Problems
  • 4.7.2.Problems Using MATLAB
  • chapter 5 Frequency Analysis: The Fourier Transform
  • 5.1.Introduction
  • 5.2.From the Fourier Series to the Fourier Transform
  • 5.3.Existence of the Fourier Transform
  • 5.4.Fourier Transforms From the Laplace Transform
  • 5.5.Linearity, Inverse Proportionality and Duality
  • 5.5.1.Linearity
  • 5.5.2.Inverse Proportionality of lime and Frequency
  • 5.5.3.Duality
  • 5.6.Spectral Representation
  • 5.6.1.Signal Modulation
  • 5.6.2.Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals
  • 5.6.3.Parseval's Energy Relation
  • 5.6.4.Symmetry of Spectral Representations
  • 5.7.Convolution and Filtering
  • 5.7.1.Basics of Filtering
  • 5.7.2.Ideal Filters
  • 5.7.3.Frequency Response From Poles and Zeros
  • 5.7.4.The Spectrum Analyzer
  • 5.8.Additional Properties
  • 5.8.1.Time Shifting
  • 5.8.2.Differentiation and Integration
  • 5.9.What Have We Accomplished? What Is Next?
  • 5.10.Problems
  • 5.10.1.Basic Problems
  • 5.10.2.Problems Using MATLAB
  • chapter 6 Application of Laplace Analysis to Control
  • 6.1.Introduction
  • 6.2.System Connections and Block Diagrams
  • 6.3.Application to Classical Control
  • 6.3.1.Stability and Stabilization
  • 6.3.2.Transient Analysis of First- and Second-Order Control Systems
  • 6.4.State-Variable Representation of LTI Systems
  • 6.4.1.Canonical Realizations
  • 6.4.2.Complete Solution From State and Output Equations
  • 6.4.3.External and Internal Representation of Systems
  • 6.5.What Have We Accomplished? What Is Next?
  • 6.6.Problems
  • 6.6.1.Basic Problems
  • 6.6.2.Problems Using MATLAB
  • chapter 7 Fourier Analysis in Communications and Filtering
  • 7.1.Introduction
  • 7.2.Application to Communications
  • 7.2.1.AM Suppressed Carrier (AM-SC)
  • 7.2.2.Commercial AM
  • 7.2.3.AM Single Sideband
  • 7.2.4.Quadrature AM and Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • 7.2.5.Angle Modulation
  • 7.3.Analog Filtering
  • 7.3.1.Filtering Basics
  • 7.3.2.Butterworth Low-Pass Filter Design
  • 7.3.3.Chebyshev Low-Pass Filter Design
  • 7.3.4.Frequency Transformations
  • 7.3.5.Filter Design With MATLAB
  • 7.4.What Have We Accomplished? What Is Next?
  • 7.5.Problems
  • 7.5.1.Basic Problems
  • 7.5.2.Problems Using MATLAB
  • chapter 8 Sampling Theory
  • 8.1.Introduction
  • 8.2.Uniform Sampling
  • 8.2.1.Pulse Amplitude Modulation
  • 8.2.2.Ideal Impulse Sampling
  • 8.2.3.Reconstruction of the Original Continuous-Time Signal
  • 8.2.4.Signal Reconstruction From Sinc Interpolation
  • 8.2.5.The Nyquist-Shannon Sampling Theorem
  • 8.2.6.Sampling Simulations With MATLAB
  • 8.2.7.Sampling Modulated Signals
  • 8.3.Practical Aspects of Sampling
  • 8.3.1.Sample-and-Hold Sampling
  • 8.3.2.Quantization and Coding
  • 8.3.3.Sampling, Quantizing and Coding With MATLAB
  • 8.4.Application to Digital Communications
  • 8.4.1.Pulse Code Modulation
  • 8.4.2.Time-Division Multiplexing
  • 8.5.What Have We Accomplished? Where Do We Go From Here?
  • 8.6.Problems
  • 8.6.1.Basic Problems
  • 8.6.2.Problems Using MATLAB
  • chapter 9 Discrete-Time Signals and Systems
  • 9.1.Introduction
  • 9.2.Discrete-Time Signals
  • 9.2.1.Periodic and Aperiodic Discrete-Time Signals
  • 9.2.2.Finite-Energy and Finite-Power Discrete-Time Signals
  • 9.2.3.Even and Odd Discrete-Time Signals
  • 9.2.4.Basic Discrete-Time Signals
  • 9.3.Discrete-Time Systems
  • 9.3.1.Recursive and Non-recursive Discrete-Time Systems
  • 9.3.2.Dynamic Discrete-Time Systems Represented by Difference Equations
  • 9.3.3.The Convolution Sum
  • 9.3.4.Linear and Non-linear Filtering With MATLAB
  • 9.3.5.Causality and Stability of Discrete-Time Systems
  • 9.4.Two-Dimensional Discrete Signals and Systems
  • 9.4.1.Two-Dimensional Discrete Signals
  • 9.4.2.Two-Dimensional Discrete Systems
  • 9.5.What Have We Accomplished? Where Do We Go From Here?
  • 9.6.Problems
  • 9.6.1.Basic Problems
  • 9.6.2.Problems Using MATLAB
  • chapter.
  • 10 The Z-transform
  • 10.1.Introduction
  • 10.2.Laplace Transform of Sampled Signals
  • 10.3.Two-Sided Z-transform
  • 10.3.1.Region of Convergence
  • 10.4.One-Sided Z-transform
  • 10.4.1.Signal Behavior and Poles
  • 10.4.2.Computing Z-transforms With Symbolic MATLAB
  • 10.4.3.Convolution Sum and Transfer Function
  • 10.4.4.Interconnection of Discrete-Time Systems
  • 10.4.5.Initial- and Final-Value Properties
  • 10.5.One-Sided Z-transform Inverse
  • 10.5.1.Long-Division Method
  • 10.5.2.Partial Fraction Expansion
  • 10.5.3.Inverse Z-transform With MATLAB
  • 10.5.4.Solution of Difference Equations
  • 10.5.5.Inverse of Two-Sided Z-transforms
  • 10.6.State Variable Representation
  • 10.7.Two-Dimensional Z-transform
  • 10.8.What Have We Accomplished? Where Do We Go From Here?
  • 10.9.Problems
  • 10.9.1.Basic Problems
  • 10.9.2.Problems Using MATLAB
  • chapter 11 Discrete Fourier Analysis
  • 11.1.Introduction
  • 11.2.The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT)
  • 11.2.1.Sampling, Z-transform, Eigenfunctions and the DTFT
  • 11.2.2.Duality in Time and in Frequency
  • 11.2.3.Computation of the DTFT Using MATLAB
  • 11.2.4.Time and Frequency Supports
  • 11.2.5.Decimation and Interpolation
  • 11.2.6.Energy/Power of Aperiodic Discrete-Time Signals
  • 11.2.7.Time and Frequency Shifts
  • 11.2.8.Symmetry
  • 11.2.9.Convolution Sum
  • 11.3.Fourier Series of Discrete-Time Periodic Signals
  • 11.3.1.Complex Exponential Discrete Fourier Series
  • 11.3.2.Connection With the Z-transform
  • 11.3.3.DTFT of Periodic Signals
  • 11.3.4.Response of LTI Systems to Periodic Signals
  • 11.3.5.Circular Shifting and Periodic Convolution
  • 11.4.The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
  • 11.4.1.DFT of Periodic Discrete-Time Signals
  • 11.4.2.DFT of Aperiodic Discrete-Time Signals
  • 11.4.3.Computation of the DFT via the FFT
  • 11.4.4.Linear and Circular Convolution
  • 11.4.5.The Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm
  • 11.4.6.Computation of the Inverse DFT
  • 11.5.Two-Dimensional Discrete Transforms
  • 11.6.What Have We Accomplished? Where Do We Go From Here?
  • 11.7.Problems
  • 11.7.1.Basic Problems
  • 11.7.2.Problems Using MATLAB
  • Note continued: chapter 12 Introduction to the Design of Discrete Filters
  • 12.1.Introduction
  • 12.2.Frequency Selective Discrete Filters
  • 12.2.1.Phase Distortion
  • 12.2.2.IIR and FIR Discrete Filters
  • 12.3.Filter Specifications
  • 12.3.1.Frequency Specifications
  • 12.3.2.Time Domain Specifications
  • 12.4.IIR Filter Design
  • 12.4.1.Transformation Design of IIR Discrete Filters
  • 12.4.2.Design of Butterworth Low-Pass Discrete Filters
  • 12.4.3.Design of Chebyshev Low-Pass Discrete Filters
  • 12.4.4.Rational Frequency Transformations
  • 12.4.5.General IIR Filter Design With MATLAB
  • 12.5.FIR Filter Design
  • 12.5.1.Window Design Method
  • 12.5.2.Window Functions
  • 12.5.3.Linear Phase and Symmetry of the Impulse Response
  • 12.6.Realization of Discrete Filters
  • 12.6.1.Realization of 1W Filters
  • 12.6.2.Realization of FIR Filters
  • 12.7.Two-Dimensional Filtering of Images
  • 12.7.1.Spatial Filtering
  • 12.7.2.Frequency Domain Filtering
  • 12.8.What Have We Accomplished? Where Do We Go From Here?
  • 12.9.Problems
  • 12.9.1.Basic Problems
  • 12.9.2.Problems Using MATLAB
  • Trigonometric Relations
  • Calculus.