Primary preventive dentistry /

From the Publisher: A landmark book, Primary Preventive Dentistry comprehensively presents the science and practice of preventive assessment and treatment modalities of preventive dental care. This seventh edition strives to enhance the readability of this book for dental hygiene and dental students...

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Bibliographic Details
Other Authors:	Harris, Norman O., García-Godoy, Franklin, Nathe, Christine Nielsen
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Pearson, ©2009.
Edition:	Seventh edition
Subjects:	Preventive dentistry. Preventive dentistry > Examinations, questions, etc. Preventive Dentistry > methods Primary Prevention > methods Dental Plaque > prevention & control Preventive Dentistry Dentisterie préventive. Dentisterie préventive > Examens, questions, etc. Zahnpflege. Zahnbelag. Prävention. Examinations.

Table of Contents:

Preface
Contributors
Reviewers
Unit 1: Primary Preventive Dental Concepts
1: Introduction to primary preventive dentistry / Christine N Nathe
Objectives
Introduction
Historical aspect of preventive dental care
Dental diseases and systemic health
Health defined and primary preventive care
Primary prevention
Secondary and tertiary prevention
Preventive care
Categories of oral diseases
Plaque prevention
Summary
Unit 2: Etiology Of Dental Diseases And Conditions
2: Dental plaque / Melissa McDougal-Plese
Objectives
Introduction
Dental plaque: a microbial biofilm
Bacterial colonization of the mouth
Acquired pellicle
Dental plaque formation
Molecular mechanisms of bacterial adhesion
Bacteria in the dental plaque
Dental plaque matrix
Dental plaque metabolism
Dental calculus
Attachment of calculus to the teeth
Inhibition of calculus formation
Summary
3: Carious lesions / Patricia Regener Campbell
Objectives
Introduction
Multifactorial disease process
Dental caries description
Physical and microscopic features of incipient caries
Pore spaces of the different zones
Direct connection of the bacterial biofilm to the body of the lesion
Cariogenic bacteria
Mutans streptococci and caries
Lactobacilli and caries
Adherence of bacteria to tooth
Ecology of caries development
Caries transmission
Coronal dentin caries
Root caries
Secondary, or recurrent, caries
Measuring plaque pH, the Stephan's Curve
Relationship of saturation to pH
Demineralization and remineralization principles
Relationship between HAP, FHA, and CaF2
Depth of remineralization
Summary
4: Periodontal diseases / Kathleen O Hodges
Objectives
Introduction
Periodontium
Gingival sulcus
Periodontal microflora
Developing gingival lesion
Deepening pocket
Cellular defense in the periodontal disease process
Classifications of periodontal diseases
Risk factors
Primary prevention of periodontal diseases
Summary
5: Oral cancer / Sandra J Maurizio
Objectives
Introduction
Epidemiology of oral cancer
Risk factors
Tobacco
Alcohol
Age
Race and ethnicity
Actinic radiation (ultraviolet light) exposure
Potentially malignant oral epithelial lesions
Signs and symptoms of oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer
Detection and diagnosis of oral cancer
Health history
Oral cancer screening/examination
Biopsy types
Imaging
Prognosis of oral cancer: staging system
Treatment options for oral cancer
Considerations regarding treatment options
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Reconstruction
Management of side effects from treatment of oral cancer
Role of the dental team
Education
Public health screening for oral and pharyngeal cancers
Cultural sensitivity
Summary.
6: Dental trauma / Gary Cuttrell
Objectives
Introduction
Etiology
Initial examination
Soft tissue injuries
Categories of traumatic dental injuries
Primary teeth
Intruded primary teeth
Avulsed primary teeth
Permanent teeth
Avulsed secondary teeth
Fractured secondary teeth
Intruded secondary teeth
Public education on dental trauma
Research on dental trauma
Summary
7: Host defense mechanisms in the oral cavity / Beth E McKinney
Objectives
Introduction
Anatomic barriers: the great wall of mesenchyme
Normal oral flora
Immune system in the oral cavity
Saliva and its role in promoting oral homeostasis
Salivary glands
Organic components of saliva
Summary
Unit 3: Preventive Strategies
8: Toothbrushes and toothbrushing methods / Elaine Sanchez Dils
Objectives
Introduction
History of the toothbrush
Manual toothbrush designs
Toothbrush profiles
Nylon versus natural bristles
Bristle shape and texture
Handle designs
Manual toothbrushing methods
Bass method
Rolling method
Stillman method
Charters method
Fones method
Leonard method
Horizontal method
Smith method
Scrub toothbrushing method
Modified brushing methods
Powered toothbrushes
Design
Powered toothbrush methods and uses
Toothbrush efficiency and safety evaluations
Clinical assessments of toothbrushing
Toothbrush replacement
Dentures and removable orthodontic appliances
Tongue brushing
American Dental Association Acceptance Program
Summary
9: Dentifrices, mouth rinses, and chewing gums / Meg Horst Zayan
Objectives
Introduction
Safety and efficacy
Dentifrices
Packaging
Dentrifice ingredients
Abrasives
Humectants
Soaps and detergents
Flavoring and sweetening agents
Sweetening agents
Baking-soda dentifrices
Methods of controlling plaque and gingivitis
Therapeutic dentifrices
Anti-calculus dentifrices
Anti hypersensitivity products
Whiteners
Mouth rinses
Cosmetic mouth rinses: halitosis
Xerostomia mouth rinses
Therapeutic mouth rinse agents
Chewing gum
Summary
10: Self-care measures to supplement toothbrushing / Christine French Beatty and Nahid S Nikpour
Objectives
Introduction
Oral health self-care
Frequency of self-care
Dental floss
Dental flossing methods
Dental floss holder
Dental floss threader
Other inter dental aids
Automated flosser
Inter proximal brush
Uni-tuft brush
Toothpick
Rubber or plastic tip
Knitting yarn
Pipe cleaner
Gauze strip
Rinsing
Irrigation
Oral malodor and the tongue
Tongue cleaners
Peri-implant self-care
Self-care of dentures
Patient education
Cleaning the denture
Disinfection of the denture
Denture liners
Denture adhesives
Xerostomia and the denture patient
Summary
11: Community water fluoridation / William D Bailey
Objectives
Introduction
Definition and background
History of community water fluoridation
Mechanisms of action of fluoride
Benefits and effectiveness of fluoridation
Effects of discontinuation of water fluoridation
Enamel fluorosis
Reducing the risk for enamel fluorosis
Optimal fluoride levels
Engineering aspects: chemicals and technical systems used
Monitoring and surveillance of fluoridation
Cost of community water fluoridation
Other fluoride vehicles
Risk communication
Myths and actions related to risk communication
Principles of risk communication
Summary.
12: Topical fluoride therapy / Patricia Regener Campbell
Objectives
Introduction
Mechanism of action of topical fluoride treatments
Effects of fluoride on plaque and bacterial metabolism
Topical fluoride applications
Available forms
Application procedures
Application frequency
Efficacy of topical fluoride therapy
Root-surface caries
Recommendations: topical fluoride treatments
Fluoride varnishes
Initiation of therapy
Disadvantages of fluoride treatments
Multiple fluoride therapy
Fluoride rinses
Fluoride gels for oral self-care
Fluoride-releasing dental materials
Toxicology of fluoride
Fluoride toxicity
Emergency treatment
Chronic fluoride exposure
Home security of fluoride products
Summary
13: Dental sealants / Denise Muesch Helm
Objectives
Introduction
Historical perspective
Sealant use in dental care
Polymerization of sealants
Light-cured sealants
Self-cured sealants
Types of sealants
Glass ionomer cement sealants
Sealants with bonding agents
Self-etching light-cured sealants
Fluoride-releasing sealants
Colored versus clear sealants
Sealant retention
Criteria for selecting teeth for sealant placement
Sealant placement
Increasing the surface area
Pit-and-fissure depth
Surface cleanliness
Preparing the tooth for sealant application
Drying the tooth surface
Sealant application
Occlusal and inter proximal discrepancies
Evaluating retention of sealants
Placement of sealants over carious lesions
Dental providers
Economics
Disparities in dental sealant use
Summary
14: Nutrition, diet, and associated oral conditions / Carole A Palmer and Linda D Boyd
Objectives
Introduction
Diet assessment and counseling in dental care
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Basis for a healthy diet
Dietary reference intakes
Dietary guidelines for Americans
MyPyramid
Food labels
Nutritional factors affecting the oral cavity
Protein/calorie malnutrition
Minerals
Vitamins
Diet and enamel demineralization
Diet and dental caries
Role of carbohydrates
Effects of eating patterns and physical form of foods
Caries-protective foods and nutrients
Measuring the cariogenic potential of foods
Nutrition and periodontal diseases
Lifestyle diet and oral health issues
Early childhood caries
Eating disorders
Aging issues
Dental and nutritional implications of common chronic conditions
Diabetes Mellitus
Immunocompromising conditions
Oral surgery and inter maxillary fixation
Summary
15: Sugar and other sweeteners / Michelle L Sensat and Jill L Stoltenberg
Objectives
Introduction
Taste perception and sensation
History of sweeteners
Sucrose and constituents
Uses of sucrose
Evaluation of the health aspects of sucrose
Sugars and dental caries formation
Polyols as sweeteners
Sorbitol
Mannitol
Xylitol
Intense sweeteners
Saccharin
Aspartame
Acesulfame-K
Sucralose
Neotame
Non-nutritive sweeteners not approved in the United States
Alitame
Cyclamate
Neohesperidine
Stevia (Steveoside)
Thaumatin
Health condsiderations
Obesity
Diabetes and glycemic response
Hyperlipidemias
Behavioral disorders
Summary
16: Professional dental hygiene care / Kathleen O'Neill-Smith and Carolyn Horton Ray
Objectives
Introduction
Assessment
Medical/dental history
Vital signs
Extraoral/intraoral examination
Denta/periodontal examination
Self-care evaluation
Diagnostic radiographs
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Summary.
17: Health education and promotion theories / Mary Catherine Hollister
Objectives
Introduction
History of health education
Health belief model
Oral health applications
Transtheoretical model and stages of change
Oral health application
Theory of reasoned action
Oral health applications
Social learning theory
Locus of control
Oral health applications
Sense of coherence
Oral health applications
Implementing health education models
Adult health education
Motivating patients
Motivational interviewing
Oral health application
Summary
18: Tobacco cessation / Joan M Davis
Objectives
Introduction
Tobacco use: morbidity, mortality, and US population trends
Tobacco-related oral diseases and lesions
Oral cancer/precancerous lesions
Periodontal diseases
Smokeless tobacco and periodontal disease
Tobacco types, toxins, and carcinogens
Nicotine use: a biochemical dependence
Tobacco use: a behavioral and social addiction
Pharmacotherapy for treatment of nicotine dependence
First-line medications
Proper dosing of nicotine replacement
Non-NRT cessation medications
Second-line therapies
Alternative cessation methods
Components of an effective tobacco-cessation intervention
PHS guidelines' 5 A's
PHS's 5 R's
Levels of a TCI
Brief intervention (1+ minute)
Moderate intervention (5 to 10 minutes)
Intensive intervention (20+ minutes)
Establishing a TCI program
Step one
Step two
Step three
Tobacco-prevention strategies-in-office and community
Summary
19: Athletic mouthguards / Christine N Nathe
Objectives
Introduction
Historical perspective
Mouthguard use
Contact sport injuries
Mouthguard protection and prevention
Types of mouthguards
Fabrication of the custom-made, vacuum-formed mouthguard
Dental provider's role in mouthguard use
Summary
20: Technological advances in primary dental care / Vicki Gianopoulos
Objectives
Introduction
Immunizations in oral health
Dental caries
Periodontal diseases
Genetics
Dental caries
Periodontal diseases
Gene therapy
Stem cells in oral health
Summary
Unit 4: Public Health And Target Populations
21: Public health programs / Scott L Tomar
Objectives
Introduction
Public health defined
Dental public health science and practice
Public health approaches
Population versus individual approach
Reach versus intensity
Balancing individual rights and societal protection
Dental Public health organization and infrastructure
International agencies
US federal agencies
State and local dental public health programs
Professional organizations in dental public health
Dental public health activities
Assessment
Policy development
Assurance in dental public health
Summary
22: Pregnancy and infancy / Sharon G Peterson
Objectives
Introduction
Target populations and preventive strategies
Population characteristics
Pregnant women
Infants
Common oral manifestations
Pregnant women
Infants
Preventive strategies
Pregnant women
Infants
Summary.
23: Pediatrics / Tamara L Donald
Objectives
Introduction
Population characteristics
Child development
Early childhood development: 2 to 5 years of age
School-aged development: 6 to 11 years of age
Adolescent development: 12 to 19 years of age
Children's development and behavior
Common oral manifestations
Early childhood caries
Preventive strategies
Communication
Tell-show-do
Voice control
Positive reinforcement
Distraction
Summary
24: Adult dental care / Maria Perno Goldie
Objectives
Introduction
Population characteristics
Adolescence to young adulthood: 13-20 years of age
Early adulthood: 21-39 years of age
Mature adulthood: 40-60 years of age
Common oral manifestations
Dental caries
Periodontal diseases
Oral and pharyngeal cancer
Women's oral health
Preventive strategies
Adolescence to young adulthood: 13-20 years of age
Early adulthood: 21-39 years of age
Mature adulthood: 40-60 years of age
Summary
25: Geriatrics / Charles D Tatlock
Objectives
Introduction
Population characteristics
Frail elderly
Health
Physiologic changes
Functional status
Cognitive changes
Common oral manifestations
Long-term care
Surgeon General's report
Preventive strategies
Senior-friendly dental practice
Health promotion
Public policy
Dental providers
Summary
26: Medically compromised populations / Elaine Sanchez Dils
Objectives
Introduction
Arthritis
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
Bulimia
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
Cancer
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
Cardiac arrhythmias
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
Congestive heart failure
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
Depression
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
Diabetes
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
Epilepsy
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
Hemophilia
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
HIV and AIDS
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
Hypertension
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
Organ transplants
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
Pulmonary disease
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
Renal disease/failure
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
Substance abuse disorders
Population characteristics of alcohol abuse and common oral manifestations
Population characteristics of tobacco use and common oral manifestations
Population characteristics of marijuana use and common oral manifestations
Population characteristics of cocaine abuse and common oral manifestations
Population characteristics of methamphetamine abuse and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
Thyroid dysfunction
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Strategies to prevent oral manifestations
Summary
27: Populations with developmental disabilities / Elaine Sanchez Dils
Objectives
Introduction
Mental retardation
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Preventive strategies
Autism
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Preventive strategies
Cerebral Palsy
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Preventive strategies
Down Syndrome
Population characteristics and common oral manifestations
Preventive strategies
Summary
Glossary
Index.