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Materials and processes used in aircraft construction
Materials and Processes Used in Aircraft Construction focuses on issues involving the use of plastics in the aerospace industry. A detailed discussion of their various applications is included, along with the innovations presented in the literature over the past decade. A wide range of important topics are discussed in the 13 chapters. Following a brief presentation of the evolution of aircraft design, aircraft design standards, and the simulation of aircraft models, individual chapters focus on: The basic and special materials used in aircraft construction; Lightweight materials for aircraft applications; Polymers used in the aerospace industry; Laminated materials used in the aerospace industry; Wing, helicopter, and balloon designs; Issues concerning the monitoring and management of the health of flight crews and passengers; The benefit of information acquired in real time, leading to an increased understanding of the fracture mechanics of composites, improving confidence in their use, and broadening their applications. Since the cost of inspecting aircraft is approximately one-third of the cost of acquiring and operating composite structures, to compete in the increasingly demanding area of aircraft structures, the cost-effective techniques that need to be developed are discussed. Audience This book will serve the needs of those working in the aerospace industry, both those with only a passing knowledge of the field and specialists who need to increase their knowledge of any particular area.
Cover -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Evolution of Aircraft Design -- 1.1 Unmanned Air Systems -- 1.2 Morphing Aircraft -- 1.3 Special Materials -- 1.3.1 Glare -- 1.3.2 Thermal Coatings -- References -- Chapter 2 Standards -- 2.1 ASTM Standards -- 2.2 ASTM Aircraft Standards -- 2.2.1 Standard Terminology for Aircraft -- 2.2.2 Standard Specification for Aircraft Powerplant Installation -- 2.2.3 Standard Specification for Aircraft Storage Batteries -- 2.2.4 Standard Terminology for Unmanned Aircraft Systems -- 2.2.5 Practice for Simplified Aircraft Loads Determination -- 2.2.6 Search and Rescue Operations Standards -- 2.2.7 Rubber Property-Durometer Hardness -- 2.2.8 Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers -- 2.2.9 Tear Strength -- 2.2.10 Chemical Analysis of Rubber Products -- 2.3 Examples of Usage -- 2.3.1 Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrices -- 2.3.2 Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrices -- 2.3.3 Run-Time Assurance -- 2.3.4 Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems -- 2.3.5 Aerial Firefighting -- References -- Chapter 3 Simulation of Aircraft Models -- 3.1 Types of Requirements -- 3.2 Aircraft Simulation -- 3.3 Simulation of Exhaust Gases -- 3.4 Vertical Take-off and Landing -- 3.5 High-Lift Aerodynamics -- 3.6 Magnetic Field Modeling -- 3.6.1 Method -- 3.7 Software Bugs in Aircraft Systems -- 3.8 Drones -- References -- Chapter 4 Laminates Used in the Aerospace Industry -- 4.1 Fiber Laminates -- 4.2 Metals -- 4.2.1 Rhenium -- 4.2.2 Beryllium -- 4.3 Metal Laminates -- 4.4 Ceramics -- 4.4.1 Advanced Ceramics in Aerospace and Aeronautical Engineering -- 4.4.2 Fleet Aircraft -- References -- Chapter 5 Basic Materials Used in Aircraft Construction -- 5.1 Exposure Control Systems -- 5.2 Composite Materials -- 5.2.1 Rail-Based Systems -- 5.3 Composite Materials for Aircraft Applications.
5.3.1 Selection Methodology for an Aircraft Skin -- 5.3.2 Advancements -- 5.4 Ionic Liquid Monomers -- 5.5 Thermosetting Monomers -- 5.6 Health Systems -- 5.7 Heating Elements -- 5.7.1 Heat Exchangers -- 5.8 Superhydrophobic Coating Solutions for Deicing Control -- 5.9 Electrically Conductive Materials -- 5.10 Shear-Deformable Aircraft Wings -- References -- Chapter 6 Special Materials Used in Aircraft Compositions -- 6.1 Composite Materials -- 6.1.1 Antistatic Materials -- 6.1.2 Metal Matrix Composites -- 6.1.3 Manufacturing of Metal Matrix Composites -- 6.2 Applications of MMCs in Aircraft -- References -- Chapter 7 Polymers Used in the Aerospace Industry -- 7.1 Safety of Polymer Composite Materials -- 7.2 Epoxy Composites -- 7.3 Self-Healing Polymers -- 7.4 Recent Advances in Materials -- 7.4.1 Alloys -- 7.4.2 Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites -- 7.5 Modern Progress in Aerospace Materials -- 7.6 Electrospun Materials -- 7.6.1 Electromagnetic Interference -- 7.6.2 Nanofibrous Electrospun Materials -- 7.6.3 Carbon-Nanofiber-Reinforced Composites -- 7.7 Nanocomposites -- 7.7.1 Noise Reduction -- 7.8 Smart Sensing -- 7.9 Space Radiation Protection -- 7.9.1 Production of a Shielding Film -- References -- Chapter 8 Aircraft Systems -- 8.1 Safety Aircraft Flight Systems -- 8.1.1 Computerized Security System -- 8.1.2 Model-Based Safety Assessment -- 8.1.3 Preliminary System Safety Assessment -- 8.1.4 Special Methods for Model-Based Safety Assessment -- 8.1.5 Model-Based Safety Assessment -- 8.2 Stealth Aircraft -- 8.3 Aircraft Pylons -- 8.4 Composite Materials -- 8.4.1 Rail-Based Modular Aircraft System -- 8.5 Rain Erosion Boot -- References -- Chapter 9 Wing Design -- 9.1 Test Methods for Wings -- 9.1.1 Ground Vibration Testing -- 9.1.2 Finite Element Analysis -- 9.1.3 Nondestructive Testing -- 9.2 Composite Materials.
9.2.1 Condition Monitoring of Rotating Machineries -- 9.2.2 Estimation of Thickness of a Material Layer -- 9.3 Renewable Materials -- 9.3.1 Green Hybrid Composite Materials -- 9.3.2 High-Strength Endless Fibers -- 9.3.3 Natural Fibers -- 9.3.4 Segmented Aircraft Wing with Solar Arrays -- 9.4 Flight Regime Recognition -- References -- Chapter 10 Helicopter Design -- 10.1 Aeroelastic Analysis -- 10.2 Protection of Aerospace Materials -- 10.3 Coating Design -- 10.4 Composite Material of Helicopter Tail Fin -- 10.5 Automatic Planning of Materials -- 10.6 Anomaly Detection -- 10.7 Production Processes -- 10.8 Helicopter Accidents -- 10.8.1 Sikorsky S-61N Helicopter -- 10.8.2 Aérospatiale Alouette III Helicopter -- 10.8.3 Westland Lynx SH14D Helicopter -- 10.8.4 AgustaWestland Merlin Helicopter -- 10.8.5 Cormorant of Royal Canadian Air Force -- References -- Chapter 11 Balloon Design -- 11.1 Micro-Foamed Polymers -- 11.2 Super-Pressure Balloons -- 11.3 Digital Fabrication -- 11.4 Scientific Balloon Materials -- 11.4.1 ANTRIX Film Material -- 11.5 Helium Balloons -- 11.5.1 Balloons for Exploration of Planets -- 11.5.2 Role of Superpressure in Aerobot Design -- References -- Chapter 12 Health Monitoring and Management -- 12.1 Health Monitoring -- 12.1.1 Lamb Wave Scanning -- 12.1.2 Structural Health Monitoring -- 12.2 Contaminated Air and Fume Events -- 12.2.1 Chemical Constituents in Engine Oil and Hydraulic Fluid -- 12.3 Aircraft Noise -- 12.4 Wireless Instruments -- 12.4.1 Wireless Sensor Networks -- 12.4.2 Wirelessly Managing Aircraft Health Data -- References -- Chapter 13 Lightweight Materials for Aircraft Applications -- 13.1 Lightweight Material Applications -- 13.1.1 Lightweight Materials for Defense Applications -- 13.1.2 Lightweight Materials for Air Force Applications -- 13.1.3 Lightweight Seal Material -- 13.2 Lightweight Composites.