http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
A bitumen scarab is an Ancient Egyptian artifact where bitumen, a sticky, tar-like substance, was used as a coating or filling in the creation of a scarab amulet. It could be the remnants of bitumen from a mummy's wrappings that adhered to the scarab during the mummification process, or the bitumen could have been deliberately used to fill in the details of the amulet itself.