http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
Cover -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I. Background -- Chapter 1. History and Philosophy of Metrology/Calibration -- Ancient Measurement -- Measurement Progress in the Last 2000 Years -- Standards, Commerce, and Metrology -- History of Quality Standards -- Measurement and the Industrial Revolution -- Milestones in U.S. Food and Drug Law History -- Part II. Quality Systems -- Chapter 2. The Basics of a Quality System -- Quality Tools -- Process Improvement Techniques -- Chapter 3. Quality Standards and Their Evolution -- What Are Quality Standards and Why Are They Important -- The Role of ISO -- Evolution of Quality Standards -- History of Quality Standards: 1900-1940 -- History of Quality Standards-1940 to the Present -- Chapter 4. Quality Documentation -- Chapter 5. Calibration Procedures -- Introduction -- Calibration Procedure Contents -- Other SOPs and Competencies -- Safety and Handling Considerations -- Method Validation and Verification -- Summary -- Chapter. 6 Calibration Records -- Record Integrity and Retention -- Chapter 7. Calibration Certificates -- Chapter 8. Management Systems and Quality Manuals -- Chapter 9. Metrological Traceability -- Traceability Definitions -- National Metrology Institutes as a Source of Traceability -- International Agreements and Arrangements: Recommended Calibration Providers -- Evaluating Metrological Traceability -- Documenting Calibration Hierarchies -- Circular Calibrations -- Reverse Traceability -- Tools for Assessing Traceability -- The Importance of Traceability -- Chapter 10. Calibration Programs -- Delay Dating -- Chapter 11. The International System of Units (SI) and Measurement Standards -- The International System of Units: Defining, Realizing, and Disseminating.
Presentation of Measurement Results: Units and Symbols -- Measurement Standard Types -- Accuracy Matters-Understanding and Communicating Measurement Uncertainties -- Write It Right: Understanding Nuances of Metrics in Technical Writing -- Chapter 12. Audit Requirements -- Chapter 13. Scheduling and Recall Systems -- Chapter 14. Labels and Equipment Status -- Chapter 15. Training and Competency -- Background -- Competence Requirements -- Job Descriptions -- Training Plan -- Training Sources -- Formal Training -- Informal Training -- Summary -- Chapter 16. Environmental Controls -- Chapter 17. Industry-Specific Requirements -- ISO/IEC 17025 -- FDA Quality System Regulations -- Other Industry Requirements -- Chapter 18. Computers, Software, and Software Validation -- Background -- Calibration Management Software Systems -- Security -- Instrumentation Software Classifications -- Automated Calibration Procedure Software -- Spreadsheets -- Part III. Metrology Concepts -- Chapter 19. A General Understanding of Metrology -- Chapter 20. Measurement Methods, Systems, Capabilities, and Data -- Measurement Methods -- Measurement Systems -- Measurement Capabilities -- Measurement Data -- Calibration Methods and Techniques -- Chapter 21. Specifications -- Types of Specification Limits -- Chapter 22. Substituting Calibration Standards -- Measurement Standard Substitution -- Equipment Substitution and Calibration Procedures -- Chapter 23. Proficiency Testing, Interlaboratory Comparisons, and Measurement Assurance Programs -- Proficiency Testing -- Measurement Assurance Programs -- Part IV. Mathematics and Statistics: Their Use in Measurement -- Chapter 24. Number Formatting -- Significant Digits -- Notation Methods -- Standard Notation -- SI Prefix System -- ISO Preferred Numbers -- Number Rounding Methods -- Other Number Formatting Issues -- Date and Time Formats.
Chapter 25. Unit Conversions -- SI Units -- Coherence of SI Units -- SI-Derived Units -- Units Not to Be Used Within the SI System of Units -- SI Units Arranged by Unit Category -- Conversion Factors and Their Uses -- Uncertainties for Some Fundamental Units (Standard and Relative) -- Number Bases -- Conversion Factors for Converting Between Equivalent Measurement Units -- Chapter 26. Ratios -- Decibel Measures -- Logarithms in Microsoft Excel -- Types of Linearizing Transformations -- Graphs -- Chapter 27. Statistics -- Fundamental Measurement Assumptions -- Degrees of Freedom -- Residuals -- Central Tendency -- Bimodal Distributions -- Central Limit Theorem -- Confidence Interval -- Root Mean Square -- Sum of Squares -- Root Sum of Squares -- Population Variance -- Population Standard Deviation -- Sample Variance -- Sample Standard Deviation -- Standard Error of the Mean -- Measures of Skewness and Kurtosis -- Skewness -- Kurtosis -- Correlation -- Linear Relationships -- Zero and Span Relationships -- Interpolation -- Formats of Tabular Data -- Linear Interpolation Methods -- Interpolation Methods for Nonlinear Data -- Types of Distributions and Their Properties -- Standard Normal (Gaussian) Z-Distribution -- Autocorrelation -- Chapter 28. Mensuration, Volume, and Surface Areas -- Mensuration, Lengths, and Angles -- Length -- Circle -- Ellipse -- Angle -- Plane Area -- Perimeter -- Ellipse Perimeter (Circumference) -- Volume -- Surface Area -- Part V. Uncertainty in Measurement -- Chapter 29. Measurement Uncertainty -- Measurement Uncertainty -- Evaluating Measurement Uncertainty -- Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation Process -- Other Measurement Uncertainty Considerations -- Managing Measurement Uncertainty -- Chapter 30. Measurement Risk and Decision Rules -- Measurement Risk -- Test Uncertainty Ratio (TUR) -- A 4:1 TUR -- Conclusion -- Annex A.
Part VI. Measurement Parameters -- Chapter 31. Introduction to Measurement Parameters -- Chapter 32. DC and Low Frequency -- DC and AC -- Low Frequency -- Measurement Parameters -- Chapter 33. Radio Frequency and Microwave -- RF and Microwave Frequencies -- Measurement Parameters -- Measurement Methods -- Chapter 34. Mass and Weighing -- SI Unit of Mass -- Mass and Weighing -- Good Weighing Procedures -- Weighing Instruments-Types, Documentary Standards, Calibration Procedures -- Mass Calibration Standards (Weights) -- Summary -- Chapter 35. Force -- Basic Introduction -- The SI Units for Force -- Why Force Measurement Is Important -- Types of Force Instruments -- S-Beam (S-Type) -- Shear Web -- Button Load Cell -- Single-Column or High-Stress Load Cells -- Multi-Column Load Cells -- Hysteresis -- Nonrepeatability -- Static Error Band -- Methods/Standards -- Common Error Sources in Force Calibration -- Calibration Using Different Setups for Compression and Tension -- Adapters Affect Mechanical Interactions -- Tension Clevis Adapters for Tension Links, Crane Scales, and Dynamometers -- Four-Wire and Six-Wire Systems -- Equipment Design -- Uncertainty Contributors -- Type A Uncertainty Contributions -- Type B Uncertainty Contributions -- Other Error Sources -- Guidance for Type A Uncertainty Contributions When ASTM E74 Is Used as the Standard -- Guidance for Type B Uncertainty Contributors When ASTM E74 Is Used as the Standard -- Conclusion -- Chapter 36. Dimensional and Mechanical Parameters -- Length Measures -- Angle Measurement-Definitions -- Levels -- Chapter 37. Other Parameters: Electro-Optical and Radiation -- Optics -- Colorimetry -- Ionizing Radiation -- Optical Radiation -- pH -- Chapter 38. Chemical and Biological Measurements and Uncertainties -- Introduction -- Organizations -- Traceability Fundamentals.
Establishing Traceability for Chemical Tests -- Evaluating Measurement Uncertainty for Chemical Tests -- Contributors to Uncertainty in Chemical Testing -- Conclusion -- Part VII. Managing a Metrology Department or Calibration Laboratory -- Chapter 39. Getting Started -- Chapter 40. Best Practices -- Customer Service (Lab Liaisons) -- Using Metrics for Department/Laboratory Management -- Preventive Maintenance Programs -- Surveys and Customer Satisfaction -- Chapter 41. Process Workflow -- Chapter 42. Budgeting and Resource Management -- Budget -- Chapter 43. Vendors and Suppliers -- Chapter 44. Housekeeping and Safety -- All Industries -- 5S Methodology -- Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industry -- Electronics or High-Voltage/Current Industries -- Airline Industry -- Physical-Dimensional Calibration -- Computer Industry -- Appendix A. Further Resources and Publications -- Appendix B. Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Appendix C. Glossary of Terms -- Introduction -- Glossary -- Appendix D. Common Conversions -- Endnotes -- Bibliography/References -- Index -- About the Contributors.