| Summary: | Rome began as a small settlement on the banks of the Tiber River. From the time of Romulus, it grew into a strong kingdom and, eventually, a powerful republic conquering the Italian peninsula. Later, Rome laid claim to most of the lands surrounding the Mediterranean. It was constantly in a state of war and developed a powerful army, but its very existence was threatened during the Punic Wars against Carthage. The Romans were great architects and builders, constructing magnificent temples to their Gods. Romans found many ways to amuse themselves, with gladiatorial combats and chariot races the most popular events. However, despite great conquests and achievements, there was a need for social reform, initiated by the Gracchus brothers. However, these reforms precipitated social unrest and the great civil conflicts that would embroil Rome.
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