Water transport in brick, stone and concrete /
"This presents a unified description of transport processes involving saturated and unsaturated flow in porous inorganic materials and structures. It bridges fundamental physics, materials science, mathematics and experimental measurement with engineering design and construction practice"-...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Corporate Author: | |
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boca Raton :
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group,
2021.
|
| Edition: | Third edition. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Connect to the full text of this electronic book |
Table of Contents:
- Cover
- Half Title
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Acknowledgements
- Preface
- 1. Porous materials
- 1.1. Describing the porosity
- 1.1.1. Connected and disconnected porosity
- 1.1.2. Defining the porosity
- 1.2. Measuring the porosity
- 1.2.1. Liquid saturation methods
- 1.2.2. Helium pycnometry
- 1.2.3. Stereology and microtomography
- 1.2.4. X-ray and gamma-ray attenuation
- 1.2.5. Usefulness of the solid density
- 1.3. Values of the porosity
- 1.4. Properties of the porosity
- 1.4.1. Temperature dependence
- 1.4.2. Stress dependence
- 1.4.3. Scale dependence
- 1.4.4. Formation factor
- 1.5. Pore size and its measurement
- 2. Water in porous materials
- 2.1. Defining the water content
- 2.2. Measuring the water content
- 2.2.1. Direct methods
- 2.2.2. Indirect methods
- 2.2.3. Field methods
- 2.3. How the water is held in a porous material
- 2.3.1. Capillary forces and wetting
- 2.3.2. The Kelvin equation in capillary systems
- 2.3.3. Capillary forces and suction in unsaturated materials
- 2.4. Hydraulic potential
- 2.4.1. Defining the hydraulic potential
- 2.4.2. Equations for the hydraulic potential
- 2.5. Measuring the hydraulic potential
- 2.6. Values of the hydraulic potential
- 2.7. Capillary condensation and hygroscopicity
- 2.8. Changes of appearance on wetting and drying
- 2.9. The moisture state
- 3. Flow in porous materials
- 3.1. Permeability
- 3.1.1. Gas-phase flows
- 3.2. Measuring the permeability
- 3.2.1. Effect of compressive stress on permeability
- 3.2.2. Comment on permeability test methods
- 3.2.3. Gas permeability measurements
- 3.2.4. Calculating the permeability from microstructural information
- 3.3. Permeabilities of construction materials
- 3.3.1. Permeabilities of cement-based materials.
- 3.4. Unsaturated flow: extended Darcy law
- 3.5. The potential-conductivity formulation
- 3.6. Measuring the conductivity
- 3.6.1. Equations for the conductivity
- 3.7. The diffusivity-water-content formulation
- 3.8. Measuring the diffusivity
- 3.8.1. Equations for the diffusivity
- 3.9. Diffusion in the gas phase: vapour transport
- 3.9.1. Measurement of vapour transmission
- 3.9.2. Moisture buffering
- 3.10. Liquid-liquid multiphase flows
- 3.11. Miscible displacement and hydrodynamic dispersion
- 3.12. Immiscible displacement
- 3.13. Test methods for two-phase flow properties
- 3.14. An historical note
- 4. Unsaturated flows
- 4.1. One-dimensional water absorption
- 4.2. The sorptivity
- 4.2.1. Contact time
- 4.3. The desorptivity
- 4.4. The Sharp Front model
- 4.5. Gravitational effects
- 4.6. Pressure head: integrating saturated and unsaturated flow
- 4.7. Measuring the sorptivity
- 4.7.1. Direct gravimetric method
- 4.7.2. Methods based on penetration distance
- 4.7.3. Methods based on measurement of moisture distributions
- 4.8. Sorptivities of construction materials
- 4.8.1. Sorptivity and composition
- 4.8.2. Sorptivity of cement-based materials
- 5. Composite and nonuniform materials
- 5.1. Layered materials
- 5.1.1. Two-layer composite
- 5.1.2. Multiple layers
- 5.1.3. Diffusivity analysis of layered composites
- 5.1.4. Flow parallel to interfaces
- 5.2. Materials with nonuniform transport properties
- 5.3. Materials with inclusions
- 5.3.1. Nonsorptive inclusions
- 5.3.2. Sorptive inclusions
- 5.4. Other composite materials
- 6. Unsaturated flow in building physics
- 6.1. Methods of calculation and analysis
- 6.1.1. Two-dimensional steady flows
- 6.1.2. Finite sources
- 6.1.3. Field test methods
- 6.2. Flow in other geometries
- 6.3. Flow in temperature gradients.
- 6.4. Hygrothermal simulation tools
- 7. Evaporation and drying
- 7.1. Physics of evaporation
- 7.2. Drying of porous materials
- 7.3. Wick action
- 7.4. Capillary rise with evaporation: a Sharp Front analysis
- 7.5. Salt crystallisation and efflorescence
- 8. Topics in materials behaviour
- 8.1. Air trapping in water absorption
- 8.1.1. Secondary sorptivity
- 8.2. Some physical effects of moisture
- 8.2.1. Shrinkage and expansion in cements and binders
- 8.2.2. Moisture expansion in clay brick
- 8.2.3. Chemical action in water transport
- 8.3. Slurries: water retention and transfer
- 8.3.1. Sharp Front analysis of slurry dewatering
- 8.3.2. Measuring slurry hydraulic properties
- 8.3.3. Dewatering in controlled permeability formwork
- 8.3.4. Wet mixes and dry backgrounds
- 8.3.5. Diffusivity model
- 8.3.6. Plastering and bond
- 8.4. Frost damage
- 9. Topics in moisture dynamics
- 9.1. Rain absorption on building surfaces
- 9.2. Moisture dynamics
- 9.2.1. Rising damp
- 9.2.2. Flow and damage at the base of masonry walls
- 9.2.3. Remedial treatments: methods
- 9.2.4. Remedial treatments: requirements
- 9.2.5. Moisture state of a cavity wall
- 9.3. Drying of buildings
- Appendix A: symbols and acronyms
- Appendix B: properties of water
- Appendix C: minerals, salts and solutions
- Appendix D: other liquids
- Appendix E: other data
- Bibliography
- Index.