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This book covers the latest developments and advances in spray drying and describes how they impact the basic aspect of designing and operating spray dryers. This generic approach allows users to understand how different basic aspects of spray drying have advanced. Users will learn how to apply these advances in their own specific spray drying applications. This book also discusses the handling and control of spray dried products. Includes the latest techniques for use in the design and operation of spray drying operations Covers the basic operations of spray drying that can be applied to different applications of spray drying Discusses the handling and control of spray dried product qualities from a general approach, allowing readers to tailor these approaches to their own specific products This book is aimed at professionals, researchers, and academics working in the fields of food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and industrial engineering.
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Authors -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What is Spray Drying? -- 1.2 Chronological Development of the Process and Its Milestones -- 1.3 Motivation and Layout of the Book -- Chapter 2 Droplet Drying Fundamentals -- 2.1 The Formation of Individual Particles during Spray Drying -- 2.1.1 The Drying Kinetics of Droplets during Spray Drying -- 2.2 The Reaction Engineering Approach (REA) for Modeling Droplet Drying Behavior -- 2.2.1 Theoretical Framework -- 2.2.2 Application of the REA to Describe Droplet Drying Kinetics
2.3 Characteristic Drying Curve Models -- 2.3.1 Theoretical Framework -- 2.3.2 How to Obtain the Parameter N from Experiments -- 2.3.3 Compilation of Falling Rate Curves -- 2.4 Prediction of Surface Component Composition, Migration, and Packing -- 2.4.1 The Need for a Multiscale Model for Surface Composition Prediction -- 2.4.2 Key Ideas and Calculation Procedure -- 2.4.3 The Capabilities and Limitations of the Method -- Chapter 3 Spray Dryer Designs Including Multistage -- 3.1 Co-Current versus Counter-Current -- 3.2 Multistage Drying Process and Fines Return -- 3.3 Atomization
3.3.1 Selection and Balance between Viscosity and Concentration -- 3.3.2 What Is the Initial Droplet Size Distribution? -- Chapter 4 Mass and Energy Aspects of Spray Drying -- 4.1 Zero Dimension Modeling of Spray Dryers -- 4.1.1 Equilibrium Outlet Moisture-Based Model -- 4.1.2 SD2P® and the Slow Desorption Approach by INRA -- 4.1.3 Effective Rate Approach (ERA) -- 4.2 One-Dimensional Models -- 4.2.1 Co-Current Model -- 4.2.2 Counter-Current Model -- 4.3 Computational Fluid Dynamic Models of Spray Dryers -- 4.3.1 Components of a CFD Model of Spray Dryers
4.3.2 The Trouble with Transient Simulations -- 4.4 Bridging the Gap between Spray Dryer Modeling and Operation -- 4.5 Modeling Stickiness -- 4.5.1 Why Model Stickiness? -- 4.5.2 Different Models and Their Comparison -- 4.5.3 Measuring Stickiness Properties and Their Challenges -- 4.6 Modeling Agglomeration -- 4.6.1 Why Model Agglomeration? -- 4.6.2 Rigorous Particulate Agglomeration Approach -- 4.6.3 Equivalent Fused Particle Approach -- 4.6.4 Agglomeration Mapping Approach -- Chapter 5 Monodisperse Droplet Spray Drying -- 5.1 Why Is This Concept Important?
5.2 Development of the Monodisperse Droplet Spray Dryer -- 5.2.1 Experimental Development over the Years -- 5.2.2 Recent Computational Developments -- 5.3 Monodisperse Spray Drying Chamber and Operation Design -- 5.3.1 Exploration of a Dryer with Swirling Flow -- 5.3.2 Exploration of a Dryer with Moving Atomizer -- 5.3.3 Scale-Up of Monodisperse Droplet Spray Dryer -- Chapter 6 Advanced Applications of Spray Drying -- 6.1 Superheated Steam Spray Drying -- 6.1.1 Improving the Wettability of Dairy Powder -- 6.1.2 A Medium for In-Situ Crystallization Control
Nan Fu, Jie Xiao, Meng Wai Woo, Xiao Dong Chen.
Associate Professor Nan Fu Dr. Nan Fu has a Bachelor degree in Biological Engineering, and two Masters degrees in Biotechnology and Microbiology, respectively. She obtained her Ph. D. in Chemical Engineering from Monash University in Australia in 2013. She is currently an associate professor at the School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering. Her research interest is in functional powder engineering, including the fabrication of bioactive particles and food powders, functionality control, dairy science and technology, droplet drying kinetics, and particle formation mechanisms. By the end of 2019, She has published over 60 papers on international peer-review journals and she is the first or corresponding author for 32 of the papers. She has presented her work in over 50 international and domestic conferences, including 8 invited talks. In 2015, she was awarded the runner-up prize for Elsevier Woman in Chemical Engineering Award (one of 2 awardees). In 2018, she was selected for the China-Australia Young Scientist Exchange Program (one of 16 awardees). She was also a guest editor for special issue entitled "Functional Bioparticles" in Powder Technology in 2019. She is currently a Youth Council Member of the Chinese Society of Particuology, an Associate Editor of International Journal of Food Engineering, and a reviewer for nearly 20 journals in food and biology area. Professor Jie Xiao Dr. Jie Xiao is a Jiangsu Provincial Chair Professor, Deputy Head of School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering at Soochow University, Suzhou, China. He received his BS degree in Industrial Automation (2001) and MS degree in Control Science and Engineering (2004) from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. In 2010, he got his PhD degree in Chemical Engineering from Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. Before joining Soochow University, he was a postdoctoral research associate at Washington State University for two years. Dr. Xiao's research interests include multiscale systems science and engineering and bio-inspired chemical engineering with applied studies in spray drying systems, heat exchanger fouling and cleaning, and functional coatings. By the end of 2019, he has published around 70 refereed journal papers and delivered more than 80 talks at important Chemical Engineering conferences and world-leading universities. As one of the 16 awardees nationally, Dr. Xiao was selected in the prestigious 2016 Australia China Young Scientists Exchange Program supported by the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. He has also been recognised by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) as an Elected Senior Member (2014) and has been selected by the Jiangsu Provincial Government, China as the Highest Level Talent for Innovation (2014) and the Key Personnel in an Innovation Team (2013). He was awarded Jiangsu Provincial Chair Professor by the Jiangsu Provincial Ministry of Education and a High-level Professional Talent in Suzhou by Suzhou Municipal Government, China. He is a youth council member of the Chinese Society of Particuology and an elected member in the Process Modelling and Simulation Division of the Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China. Associate Professor Meng Wai Woo Dr. Woo is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering in the University of Auckland, New Zealand. He obtained a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in 2010. He carried out postdoctoral work at Monash University in Australia. He was a key player in the Smart Drying Project funded by Australian Dairy Industry Sectors and the project leader in an Australian Research Council funded project on anti-solvent drying for making functional particles. For the past 14 years, his main work has been on spray drying research focusing on the computational aspect as well as the operation of the process. He has two patents pertaining to the development of unique spray dried products. Currently in the 'city of sails' (Auckland), his personal interest includes swimming, music and ... sailing. Professor Xiao Dong Chen Currently a University Distinguished Professor and Founding Head of the School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering at Soochow University, China (2013- ). His main professional interests include broadly life quality engineering, bioinspired chemical engineering, food engineering and particle technology. He also has a special interest in spontaneous combustion and an on-going interest in social behavior analysis through chemical reactor engineering framework. Previously, he held a Chair Professorship at Xiamen (2010-2012), at Monash (2006-2009) and at Auckland University (2000-2005) respectively. He gained his BE in Thermophysics (Tsinghua 1987), a PhD in Chemical Process Engineering (Canterbury 1991), a MSc in Applied Mathematics (UNSW 2014) and was awarded a Docteur Honoris Causa (Agrocampus Ouest 2017). He is an elected Fellow of Royal Society of New Zealand (2000- ); Fellow of Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (2007- ); a Fellow of IChemE (1999- ). He is a Chartered Chemical Engineer UK. By the end of 2019, he published more than 600 journal articles and over 230 conference papers. Has led (to completion)> 60 industry projects. He has delivered> 70 invited, keynote and plenary lectures at different institutions and conferences worldwide. He has received many awards and some of his accolades include Shedden Uhde Medal, 1999; ICEF-8 Young Food Engineer Award, 2000; ER Cooper Medal of Royal Society of New Zealand, 2002; Nanqiang Scholar of Xiamen University, 2005/2016; Inaugural Fonterra Award of Australasia, 2006; The IDS Excellence in Drying Research (1 of 2 Major Awards), 2008; The IDS Founder Award for Outstanding Contribution to Drying, 2014; ICEF-12 Lifetime Achievement Award, 2015; Outstanding Award of National Education Reform and Innovation (China), 2017; Chemical Weekly's Padmashri Dr GP Kane CHEMCON Distinguished Speaker (IIChE), 2017; 'Next Power' Chair Professorship of Chemical Engineering at National Tsinghua University (Taiwan), 2018; ICEF-13 Plenary Speaker on In Vitro Human Digestion System Development, 2019; etc. He is a father of four and his personal interests include painting, pop music and reading.