http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
This book describes the properties, characteristics, and uses of rare earth elements. It explains where, in what quantities, and how these elements occur in nature, as well as how they are processed from ores into marketable end materials. The second edition includes a new chapter on the recycling of rare earth elements from magnets, batteries, and phosphors among others, covering both manufacturing scrap or materials in end of life devices, and is updated throughout with important developments from the past ten years.
Front Cover; Contents; Preface to the Second Edition; Preface to the First Edition; Authors; Chapter 1: The Rare Earths; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Discovery; 1.3 Special Characteristics; 1.3.1 Electronic Configuration; 1.3.2 Lanthanide Contraction; 1.3.3 Basicity; 1.4 Properties; 1.4.1 Melting Point; 1.4.2 Boiling Point; 1.4.3 Allotropes; 1.4.4 Resistivity; 1.4.5 Magnetic Properties; 1.4.6 Spectral Properties; 1.4.7 Mechanical Properties; 1.5 Reactivity; 1.5.1 Air/Oxygen; 1.5.2 Refractories; 1.5.3 Nitrogen; 1.5.4 Hydrogen; 1.5.5 Carbon; 1.5.6 Silicon; 1.5.7 Sulfur, Selenium, Phosphorus.
1.5.8 Refractory Metals1.5.9 Acids and Bases; 1.5.10 Water; 1.6 Aqueous Systems; 1.6.1 Trivalent State; 1.6.2 Complexes; 1.6.3 Tetravalent State; 1.6.4 Divalent State; 1.7 Applications; 1.7.1 Metallurgy; 1.7.2 Magnets; 1.7.3 Terfenol; 1.7.4 Magnetic Refrigeration; 1.7.5 Ceramics; 1.7.6 Electronics; 1.7.7 Chemical; 1.7.8 Optical; 1.7.9 Phosphors; 1.7.10 Nuclear; 1.7.11 Hydrogen Storage; 1.7.12 Superconductor; 1.7.13 Miscellaneous; 1.8 Global Rare-Earth Demand; 1.9 Summary; Chapter 2: Resources; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Crustal Abundance; 2.3 Minerals; 2.3.1 Bastnasite; 2.3.2 Monazite.
2.3.3 Xenotime2.3.4 Allanite; 2.3.5 Apatite; 2.3.6 Brannerite; 2.3.7 Eudialyte; 2.3.8 Euxenite, Fergusonite, Florencite, Gadolinite, and Loparite; 2.3.9 Perovskite; 2.3.10 Pyrochlore; 2.3.11 Zircon; 2.3.12 Others; 2.3.13 Scandium Minerals; 2.3.14 Promethium; 2.4 Rare-Earth Deposits; 2.4.1 Basic Geology of REEs; 2.4.2 Distribution; 2.5 Resources and Reserves; 2.6 Occurrence; 2.6.1 Argentina; 2.6.2 Australia; 2.6.3 Bangladesh; 2.6.4 Brazil; 2.6.5 Canada; 2.6.6 China; 2.6.7 Egypt; 2.6.8 Germany; 2.6.9 Greenland; 2.6.10 India; 2.6.11 Indonesia; 2.6.12 Japan; 2.6.13 Kenya; 2.6.14 Madagascar.
2.6.15 Malaysia2.6.16 Malawi; 2.6.17 Mozambique; 2.6.18 Myanmar; 2.6.19 New Zealand; 2.6.20 Peru; 2.6.21 South Africa; 2.6.22 Sri Lanka; 2.6.23 Sweden; 2.6.24 Taiwan; 2.6.25 Thailand; 2.6.26 Turkey; 2.6.27 United States; 2.6.28 Former Soviet Union; 2.6.29 Venezuela; 2.6.30 Vietnam; 2.6.31 Zaire; 2.7 By-Products and Coproducts; 2.8 World Rare-Earth Production; 2.8.1 Brazil; 2.8.2 India; 2.8.3 United States; 2.8.4 Australia; 2.8.5 China; 2.8.6 Former Soviet Union; 2.8.7 South Africa; 2.8.8 Canada; 2.8.9 Malaysia; 2.8.10 Thailand; 2.8.11 Sri Lanka; 2.8.12 Zaire and Madagascar.
2.9 Scenario for the Immediate Future2.10 Summary; Chapter 3: Resource Processing; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Mining; 3.2.1 Hard-Rock Deposits; 3.2.2 Placer Deposits; 3.3 Physical Beneficiation; 3.3.1 Monazite; 3.3.2 Bastnasite; 3.3.3 Bayan Obo Ore; 3.4 Beneficiation of Other Rare-Earth Minerals; 3.5 Chemical Treatment; 3.5.1 Monazite; 3.5.2 Bastnasite; 3.5.3 Xenotime; 3.5.4 Ion-Adsorption Ore; 3.5.5 Elliot Lake Uranium Ore; 3.5.6 Gadolinite; 3.5.7 Euxenite, Fergusonite, and Samarskite; 3.5.8 Loparite and Pyrochlore; 3.5.9 Apatite; 3.6 Separation Processes; 3.6.1 Selective Oxidation.
Nagaiyar Krishnamurthy, Chiranjib Kumar Gupta.
Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths, Second Edition