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Petroleum spills in the marine environment
the chemistry and formation of water-in-oil emulsions and tar balls
This book covers research completed between 1981 and May 1985 and includes: reviews of recent studies, sitings and investigations at spills-of-opportunity as well as results of recent arctic and sub-Arctic oil weathering experiments and observations on the behavior of crude oil in the presence of ice. Topics covered include the following: laboratory studies of formation and stability of water-in-oil emulsions; selected case histories of the more detailed chemistry studies of mousse behavior and long term fate in near-coastal and open ocean oil spills/blowouts; tar ball formation and distribution; and algorithms and computer programs to simulate the formation of water-in-oil emulsion.
Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; PREFACE; LlST OF FIGURES; LIST OF TABLES; Table of Contents; Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION; Chapter 2: LABORATORY STUDIES OF FORMATION AND STABILITY OF WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS; Background; Specific Studies; Mousse Formation in the Presence of Ice; Identification of Emulsifying Agents Responsible for Mousse Formation; Physical and Behavioral Properties of Water-in-Oil Emulsions; Evaporation; Combustibility; Breaking and Interaction of Laboratory Mousse with Dispersants; Bacterial Utilization of Laboratory Generated Mousse.
Chapter 3: SELECTED CASE HISTORIES OF THE MORE DETAILED CHEMISTRY STUDIES OF MOUSSE BEHAVIOR AND LONG TERM FATE IN NEAR-COASTAL AND OPEN OCEAN OIL SPILLS/BLOWOUTSTorrey Canyon; Tanker Arrow; Metula; Ekofisk Bravo Blowout; US/NS Potomac in Melville Bay, Greenland; Amoco Cadiz; IXTOC I Blowout, Bay of Campeche, Gulf of Mexico; Background; Observations at the Wellhead; Subsurface Transport and Weathering of IXTOC Oil; Personal Observations of Micro-Scale Mousse Agglomeration; Fate of Stranded IXTOC Mousse Along the Southeast Texas Coastline; Burmah Agate; Alvenus.
Open Ocean Field Tests of Spilled PetroleumsConclusions; Chapter 4: TAR BALL FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION; Global Distribution of Pelagic Tar; Chemical Composition of Tar Balls; Sources of Pelagic Tar; Fate of Pelagic Tar at Sea; Fate of Beached or Stranded Tar Balls; Chapter 5: ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS TO SIMULATE THE FORMATION OF WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS; Chapter 6: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND CRITICAL CITATION REVIEW; Laboratory Studies; Physical Properties of Water-in-Oil Emulsions; Treatment of Mousse with Dispersants; Case Histories of Real Spill Events.
Tar Ball Distributions and ChemistryMathematical and Computer Modeling of Mousse Behavior; BIBLIOGRAPHY; INDEX.
by James R. Payne and Charles R. Phillips.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Petroleum spills in the marine environment : the chemistry and formation of water-in-oil emulsions and tar balls
Boca Raton, Florida ; London, [England] ; New York : CRC Press, 2018, ©1985