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Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals 2E
1 online resource (1056 pages) : 250 illustrations.
The long-awaited revision of the most respected resource on internal combustion engines?covering the basics through advanced operation of spark-ignition and diesel engines. Written by one of the most recognized and highly regarded names in internal combustion engines, this trusted educational resource and professional reference covers the key physical and chemical processes that govern internal combustion engine operation and design. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, Second Edition, has been thoroughly revised to cover recent advances, including performance enhancement, efficiency improvements, and emission reduction technologies. Highly illustrated and cross-referenced, the book includes discussions of these engines' environmental impacts and requirements. You will get complete explanations of spark-ignition and compression-ignition (diesel) engine operating characteristics as well as of engine flow and combustion phenomena and fuel requirements.
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Commonly Used Symbols, Subscripts, and Abbreviations -- CHAPTER 1 Engine Types and Their Operation -- 1.1 Introduction and Historical Perspective -- 1.2 Engine Classifications -- 1.3 Engine Operating Cycles -- 1.4 Engine Components -- 1.5 Multicylinder Engines -- 1.6 Spark-Ignition Engine Operation -- 1.7 Different Types of Four-Stroke SI Engines -- 1.8 Compression-Ignition Engine Operation -- 1.9 Different Types of Diesel Engines -- 1.10 Two-Stroke Cycle Engine Operation -- 1.11 Fuels -- Problems -- References -- CHAPTER 2 Engine Design and Operating?Parameters -- 2.1 Important Engine Characteristics -- 2.2 Geometrical Relationships for Reciprocating Engines -- 2.3 Forces in Reciprocating Mechanism -- 2.4 Brake Torque and Power -- 2.5 Indicated Work per Cycle -- 2.6 Mechanical Efficiency -- 2.7 Mean Effective Pressure -- 2.8 Specific Fuel Consumption and Efficiency -- 2.9 Air/Fuel and Fuel/Air Ratios -- 2.10 Volumetric Efficiency -- 2.11 Specific Power, Specific Weight, and Specific Volume -- 2.12 Correction Factors for Power and Volumetric Efficiency -- 2.13 Specific Emissions and Emissions Index -- 2.14 Relationships between Performance Parameters -- 2.15 Engine Design and Performance Data -- 2.16 Vehicle Power Requirements -- Problems -- References -- CHAPTER 3 Thermochemistry of Fuel-Air?Mixtures -- 3.1 Characterization of Flames -- 3.2 Ideal Gas Model -- 3.3 Composition of Air and Fuels -- 3.4 Combustion Stoichiometry -- 3.5 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Combustion -- 3.6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics Applied to Combustion -- 3.7 Chemically Reacting Gas Mixtures -- Problems -- References -- CHAPTER 4 Properties of Working Fluids -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Unburned Mixture Composition -- 4.3 Gas Property Relationships -- 4.4 A Simple Analytic Ideal Gas Model -- 4.5 Thermodynamic Property Charts -- 4.6 Tables of Properties and Composition -- 4.7 Computer Routines for Property and Composition Calculations -- 4.8 Transport Properties -- 4.9 Exhaust Gas Composition -- Problems -- References -- CHAPTER 5 Ideal Models of Engine?Cycles -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Ideal Models of Engine Processes -- 5.3 Thermodynamic Relations for Engine Processes -- 5.4 Cycle Analysis with Ideal Gas Working Fluid with cv and cp Constant -- 5.5 Fuel-Air Cycle Analysis -- 5.6 Overexpanded Engine Cycles -- 5.7 Availability Analysis of Engine Processes -- 5.8 Comparison with Real Engine Cycles -- Problems -- References -- CHAPTER 6 Gas Exchange Processes -- 6.1 Intake and Exhaust Processes in the Four-Stroke Cycle -- 6.2 Volumetric Efficiency -- 6.3 Flow through Valves and Ports -- 6.4 Residual Gas Fraction -- 6.5 Exhaust Gas Flow Rate and Temperature Variation -- 6.6 Scavenging in Two-Stroke Cycle Engines -- 6.7 Flow through Two-Stroke Engine Ports -- 6.8 Supercharging and Turbocharging -- Problems -- References -- CHAPTER 7 Mixture Preparation in?SI?Engines.
7.1 Spark-Ignition Engine Mixture Requirements -- 7.2 Fuel Metering Overview -- 7.3 Central (Throttle-Body) Fuel Injection -- 7.4 Port (Multipoint) Fuel Injection -- 7.5 Air Flow Phenomena -- 7.6 Fuel Flow Phenomena: Port Fuel Injection -- 7.7 Direct Fuel Injection -- 7.8 Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensors -- 7.9 Fuel Supply Systems -- 7.10 Liquid Petroleum Gas and Natural Gas -- Problems -- References -- CHAPTER 8 Charge Motion within the?Cylinder -- 8.1 Intake-Generated Flows -- 8.2 Mean Velocity and Turbulence Characteristics -- 8.3 Swirl -- 8.4 Tumble -- 8.5 Piston-Generated Flows: Squish -- 8.6 Swirl, Tumble, Squish Flow Interactions -- 8.7 Prechamber Engine Flows -- 8.8 Crevice Flows and Blowby -- 8.9 Flows Generated by Piston Cylinder-Wall Interaction -- Problems -- References -- CHAPTER 9 Combustion in Spark-Ignition Engines -- 9.1 Essential Features of Process -- 9.2 Thermodynamics of SI Engine Combustion -- 9.3 Flame Structure and Speed -- 9.4 Cyclic Variations in Combustion, Partial Burning, and Misfire -- 9.5 Spark Ignition -- 9.6 Abnormal Combustion: Spontaneous Ignition and Knock -- Problems -- References -- CHAPTER 10 Combustion in Compression-Ignition Engines -- 10.1 Essential Features of Process -- 10.2 Types of Diesel Combustion Systems -- 10.3 Diesel Engine Combustion -- 10.4 Fuel Spray Behavior -- 10.5 Ignition Delay -- 10.6 Mixing-Controlled Combustion -- 10.7 Alternative Compression-Ignition Combustion Approaches -- Problems -- References -- CHAPTER 11 Pollutant Formation and?Control -- 11.1 Nature and Extent of Problem -- 11.2 Nitrogen Oxides -- 11.3 Carbon Monoxide -- 11.4 Hydrocarbon Emissions -- 11.5 Particulate Emissions -- 11.6 Exhaust Gas Treatment -- Problems -- References -- CHAPTER 12 Engine Heat Transfer -- 12.1 Importance of Heat Transfer -- 12.2 Modes of Heat Transfer -- 12.3 Heat Transfer and Engine Energy Balance -- 12.4 Convective Heat Transfer -- 12.5 Radiative Heat Transfer -- 12.6 Measurements of Instantaneous Heat-Transfer Rates -- 12.7 Thermal Loading and Component Temperatures -- Problems -- References -- CHAPTER 13 Engine Friction and Lubrication -- 13.1 Background -- 13.2 Definitions -- 13.3 Friction Fundamentals -- 13.4 Measurement Methods -- 13.5 Engine Friction Data -- 13.6 Mechanical Friction Components -- 13.7 Pumping Friction -- 13.8 Accessory Power Requirements -- 13.9 Engine Friction Modeling -- 13.10 Oil Consumption -- 13.11 Lubricants -- Problems -- References -- CHAPTER 14 Modeling Real Engine Flow and Combustion Processes -- 14.1 Purpose and Classification of Models -- 14.2 Governing Equations for an Open Thermodynamic System -- 14.3 Intake and Exhaust Flow Models -- 14.4 Thermodynamic-Based In-Cylinder Models -- 14.5 Fluid-Mechanic-Based Multi-Dimensional Models -- References -- CHAPTER 15 Engine Operating Characteristics -- 15.1 Engine Design Objectives -- 15.2 Engine Performance -- 15.3 Operating Variables That Affect SI Engine Performance, Efficiency,?and?Emissions -- 15.4 SI Engine Combustion System Design -- 15.5 Variables That Affect Diesel Engine Performance, Efficiency, and Emissions -- 15.6 Two-Stroke Cycle Engines -- 15.7 Noise, Vibration, and Harshness -- 15.8 Engine Performance and Fuels Summary -- Problems -- References -- APPENDIX A Unit Conversion Factors -- APPENDIX B Ideal Gas Relationships -- B.1 Ideal Gas Law -- B.2 The Mole -- B.3 Thermodynamic Properties -- B.4 Mixtures of Ideal Gases -- APPENDIX C Equations for Fluid Flow through a Restriction -- C.1 Liquid Flow -- C.2 Gas Flow -- References -- APPENDIX D Data on Working Fluids -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.
Electronic reproduction. New York, N.Y. : McGraw Hill, 2019. Mode of access: World Wide Web. System requirements: Web browser. Access may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.
Includes bibliographical references and index.