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Master handbook of acoustics /

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Fully revised and updated, the Sixth Edition of this classic, revered text now includes the latest modern updates in audio technology and architectural design.

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Everest, F. Alton (Frederick Alton), 1909-2005 (Author), Pohlmann, Ken C. (Author)
Corporate Author: McGraw-Hill Companies
Format: eBook
Language:English
Published: New York, N.Y. : McGraw-Hill Education LLC., c2015.
Edition:6th edition
Subjects:
Sound.
Electronics.
Electronic books.
Online Access:Connect to the full text of this electronic book
Table of Contents:
  • A. Dedication
  • B. About the Authors
  • C. Introduction
  • 1. Fundamentals of Sound
  • Simple Harmonic Motion and the Sine Wave
  • Sound in Media
  • Wavelength and Frequency
  • Complex Waves
  • Octaves
  • Spectrum
  • Electrical, Mechanical, and Acoustical Analogs
  • 2. Sound Levels and the Decibel
  • Ratios versus Differences
  • Logarithms
  • Decibels
  • Reference Levels
  • Logarithmic and Exponential Forms Compared
  • Acoustic Power
  • Using Decibels
  • Measuring Sound-Pressure Level
  • Sine-Wave Measurements
  • 3. Sound in the Free Field
  • The Free Field
  • Sound Divergence
  • Sound Intensity in the Free Field
  • Sound Pressure in the Free Field
  • Sound Fields in Enclosed Spaces
  • 4. The Perception of Sound
  • Sensitivity of the Ear
  • Ear Anatomy
  • Loudness versus Frequency
  • Loudness versus Sound-Pressure Level
  • Loudness and Bandwidth
  • Loudness of Impulses
  • Audibility of Loudness Changes
  • Pitch versus Frequency
  • An Experiment in Pitch
  • Timbre versus Spectrum
  • Localization of Sound Sources
  • Binaural Localization
  • Law of the First Wavefront
  • Perception of Reflected Sound
  • The Cocktail-Party Effect
  • Aural Nonlinearity
  • Subjective versus Objective Evaluation
  • Occupational and Recreational Hearing Loss
  • Summary
  • 5. Signals, Speech, Music, and Noise
  • Sound Spectrograph
  • Speech
  • Music
  • Dynamic Range of Speech and Music
  • Power in Speech and Music
  • Frequency Range of Speech and Music
  • Auditory Area of Speech and Music
  • Noise
  • Noise Measurements
  • Signal Distortion
  • Harmonic Distortion
  • Resonance
  • Audio Filters
  • 6. Reflection
  • Specular Reflections
  • Doubling of Pressure at Reflection
  • Reflections from Convex Surfaces
  • Reflections from Concave Surfaces
  • Reflections from Parabolic Surfaces
  • Whispering Galleries
  • Standing Waves
  • Corner Reflectors
  • Mean Free Path
  • Perception of Sound Reflections
  • 7. Diffraction
  • Diffraction and Wavefront Propagation
  • Diffraction and Wavelength
  • Diffraction by Obstacles
  • Diffraction by Apertures
  • Diffraction by a Slit
  • Diffraction by a Zone Plate
  • Diffraction around the Human Head
  • Diffraction by Loudspeaker Cabinet Edges
  • Diffraction by Various Objects
  • 8. Refraction
  • The Nature of Refraction
  • Refraction in Solids
  • Refraction in the Atmosphere
  • Refraction in Enclosed Spaces
  • Refraction in the Ocean
  • 9. Diffusion
  • The Perfectly Diffuse Sound Field
  • Evaluating Diffusion in a Room
  • Decay Beats
  • Exponential Decay
  • Spatial Uniformity of Reverberation Time
  • Geometrical Irregularities
  • Absorbent in Patches
  • Concave Surfaces
  • Convex Surfaces: The Polycylindrical Diffuser
  • Plane Surfaces
  • 10. Comb-Filter Effects
  • Comb Filters
  • Superposition of Sound
  • Tonal Signals and Comb Filters
  • Combing of Music and Speech Signals
  • Comb Filters and Critical Bands
  • Comb Filters in Multichannel Playback
  • Reflections and Spaciousness
  • Comb Filters in Microphone Placement
  • Comb-Filter Effects in Practice: Six Examples
  • Estimating Comb-Filter Response
  • 11. Reverberation
  • Growth of Sound in a Room
  • Decay of Sound in a Room
  • Idealized Growth and Decay of Sound
  • Calculating Reverberation Time
  • Measuring Reverberation Time
  • Reverberation and Normal Modes
  • Reverberation Characteristic
  • Decay Rate and the Reverberant Field
  • Acoustically Coupled Spaces
  • Electroacoustically Coupled Spaces
  • Eliminating Decay Fluctuations
  • Influence of Reverberation on Speech
  • Influence of Reverberation on Music
  • Optimum Reverberation Time
  • Artificial Reverberation
  • Examples of Reverberation Time Calculations.
  • 12. Absorption
  • Dissipation of Sound Energy
  • Absorption Coefficients
  • Mounting of Absorbents
  • Mid/High-Frequency Absorption by Porosity
  • Glass-Fiber Low-Density Materials
  • Glass-Fiber High-Density Boards
  • Glass-Fiber Acoustical Tile
  • Effect of Thickness of Absorbent
  • Effect of Airspace behind Absorbent
  • Effect of Density of Absorbent
  • Open-Cell Foams
  • Drapes as Sound Absorbers
  • Carpet as Sound Absorber
  • Sound Absorption by People
  • Sound Absorption in Air
  • Panel (Diaphragmatic) Absorbers
  • Polycylindrical Absorbers
  • Bass Traps: Low-Frequency Absorption by Resonance
  • Helmholtz (Volume) Resonators
  • Perforated Panel Absorbers
  • Slat Absorbers
  • Placement of Materials
  • Reverberation Time of Helmholtz Resonators
  • Increasing Reverberation Time
  • Absorption Module Design
  • 13. Modal Resonances
  • Early Experiments and Examples
  • Resonance in a Pipe
  • Indoor Reflections
  • Two-Wall Resonance
  • Frequency Regions
  • Room-Mode Equation
  • Mode Decay
  • Mode Bandwidth
  • Mode Pressure Plots
  • Mode Density
  • Mode Spacing and Timbral Defects
  • Optimal Room Proportions
  • Splaying Room Surfaces
  • Controlling Problem Modes
  • Simplified Axial-Mode Analysis
  • Summary
  • 14. Schroeder Diffusers
  • Experimentation
  • Reflection Phase-Grating Diffusers
  • Quadratic Residue Diffusers
  • Primitive Root Diffusers
  • Performance of Diffraction-Grating Diffusers
  • Reflection Phase-Grating Diffuser Applications
  • Comparison of Gratings with Conventional Approaches
  • 15. Adjustable Acoustics
  • Draperies
  • Absorptive Adjustable Panels
  • Hinged Panels
  • Louvered Panels
  • Absorptive/Diffusive Adjustable Panels
  • Variable Resonant Devices
  • Rotating Elements
  • Portable Units
  • 16. Sound Isolation and Site Selection
  • Propagation through Barriers
  • Approaches to Noise Control
  • Airborne Noise
  • Effect of Mass and Frequency
  • Porous Materials
  • Sound Transmission Class
  • Structureborne Noise
  • Noise and Room Resonances
  • Site Selection
  • The Noise Survey
  • Assessment of Environmental Noise
  • Recommended Practices
  • Noise Measurements and Construction
  • Floor Plan Considerations
  • 17. Sound Isolation: Walls, Floors, and Ceilings
  • Walls as Effective Noise Barriers
  • The Mass Law and Wall Design
  • Separation of Mass in Wall Design
  • Wall Design Summary
  • Improving an Existing Wall
  • Flanking Sound
  • Gypsum Board Walls as Sound Barriers
  • Masonry Walls as Sound Barriers
  • Weak Links
  • Summary of Wall STC Ratings
  • Floating Floors
  • Floor/Ceiling Construction
  • Footfall Noise
  • Floor/Ceiling Structures and Their IIC Performance
  • Floor/Ceilings in Frame Buildings
  • 18. Sound Isolation: Windows and Doors
  • Single-Pane Windows
  • Double-Pane Windows
  • Acoustical Holes in Glass: Mass-Air-Mass Resonance
  • Acoustical Holes in Glass: Coincidence Resonance
  • Acoustical Holes in Glass: Standing Waves in the Cavity
  • Glass Mass and Spacing
  • Dissimilar Panes
  • Laminated Glass
  • Plastic Panes
  • Slanting the Glass
  • Third Pane
  • Cavity Absorbent
  • Thermal Glass
  • Example of an Optimized Double-Pane Window
  • Construction of an Observation Window
  • Proprietary Observation Windows
  • Sound-Insulating Doors
  • Sound Locks
  • Composite Partitions.
  • 19. Noise Control in Ventilating Systems
  • Selection of Noise Criterion
  • Fan Noise
  • Machinery Noise and Vibration
  • Air Velocity
  • Natural Attenuation
  • Duct Lining
  • Plenum Silencers
  • Packaged Attenuators
  • Reactive Silencers
  • Tuned Silencers
  • Duct Location
  • ASHRAE
  • Active Noise Control
  • Some Practical Suggestions
  • 20. Acoustics of Listening Rooms and Home Theaters
  • Playback Criteria
  • Planning the Playback Room
  • Acoustical Treatment of Playback Rooms
  • Peculiarities of Small-Room Acoustics
  • Low-Frequency Considerations
  • Mid/High-Frequency Considerations
  • Loudspeaker Placement
  • Listening Room Plan
  • Home-Theater Plan
  • 21. Acoustics of Home Studios
  • Home Acoustics: Modes
  • Home Acoustics: Reverberation
  • Home Acoustics: Noise Control
  • Studio Budget
  • Studio Treatment
  • Home Studio Plan
  • Recording in the Studio
  • Garage Studio
  • 22. Acoustics of Small Recording Studios
  • Ambient Noise Requirements
  • Acoustical Characteristics of a Studio
  • Room Modes and Room Volume
  • Reverberation Time
  • Diffusion
  • Noise
  • Studio Design Example
  • 23. Acoustics of Large Recording Studios
  • Design Criteria
  • Floor Plan
  • Wall Sections
  • Studio Treatment
  • Drum Booth
  • Vocal Booth
  • Sound-Lock Corridor
  • Reverberation Time
  • 24. Acoustics of Control Rooms
  • Initial Time-Delay Gap
  • Live End?Dead End
  • Specular Reflections versus Diffusion
  • Low-Frequency Resonances in Control Rooms
  • Initial Time-Delay Gaps in Practice
  • Loudspeaker Placement and Reflection Paths
  • The Reflection-Free-Zone Control Room
  • Control-Room Frequency Range
  • Outer Shell and Inner Shell of the Control Room
  • Design Criteria
  • Design Example 1: Control Room with Rectangular Walls
  • Design Example 2: Double-Shell Control Room with Splayed Walls
  • Design Example 3: Single-Shell Control Room with Splayed Walls
  • 25. Acoustics of Audio/Video Rooms
  • Design Factors
  • Acoustical Treatment
  • Audio/Video Room Example
  • Voice-Over Booth
  • Live End?Dead End Voice Studio
  • 26. Acoustics of Large Halls
  • Essential Design Criteria
  • Reverberation and Echo Control
  • Air Absorption
  • Hall Design for Speech
  • Speech Intelligibility
  • Concert Hall Acoustical Design
  • Concert Hall Architectural Design
  • Virtual Image Source Analysis
  • Hall Design Procedure
  • Case Studies
  • 27. Acoustical Distortion
  • Acoustical Distortion and the Perception of Sound
  • Sources of Acoustical Distortion
  • Design Approach
  • 28. Room Acoustics Measurement Software
  • Acoustical Measurements
  • Basic Analysis Instruments
  • Time-Delay Spectrometry Techniques
  • Maximum-Length Sequence Techniques
  • AcoustiSoft ETF Program.
  • 29. Room Optimizer
  • Modal Response
  • Speaker-Boundary Interference Response
  • Optimization
  • Theory of Operation
  • Optimization Procedure
  • Results of Operation
  • Summary
  • 30. Room Auralization
  • History of Acoustical Modeling
  • The Auralization Process
  • Summary
  • A. Bibliography
  • Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Sound
  • Chapter 2 Sound Levels and the Decibel
  • Chapter 3 Sound in the Free Field
  • Chapter 4 The Perception of Sound
  • Chapter 5 Signals, Speech, Music, and Noise
  • Chapter 6 Reflection
  • Chapter 7 Diffraction
  • Chapter 8 Refraction
  • Chapter 9 Diffusion
  • Chapter 10 Comb-Filter Effects
  • Chapter 11 Reverberation
  • Chapter 12 Absorption
  • Chapter 13 Modal Resonances
  • Chapter 14 Schroeder Diffusers
  • Chapter 15 Adjustable Acoustics
  • Chapter 16 Sound Isolation and Site Selection
  • Chapter 17 Sound Isolation: Walls, Floors, and Ceilings
  • Chapter 18 Sound Isolation: Windows and Doors
  • Chapter 19 Noise Control in Ventilating Systems
  • Chapter 20 Acoustics of Listening Rooms and Home Theaters
  • Chapter 21 Acoustics of Home Studios
  • Chapter 22 Acoustics of Small Recording Studios
  • Chapter 23 Acoustics of Large Recording Studios
  • Chapter 24 Acoustics of Control Rooms
  • Chapter 25 Acoustics of Audio/Video Rooms
  • Chapter 26 Acoustics of Large Halls
  • Chapter 27 Acoustic Distortion
  • Chapter 28 Room Acoustics Measurement Software
  • Chapter 29 Room Optimizer
  • Chapter 30 Room Auralization
  • B. Appendix: Selected Absorption Coefficients
  • C. Glossary.