http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
a systematic approach to science-based decision making
Probability of Future Loss -- Risk Defined -- Predictive Nature of Risk -- Universality of Risk -- Structure of Risk Analysis -- Risk Assessment -- Risk Management -- Risk Communication -- Risk Policy -- Risk Characteristics -- Precision and Accuracy -- Safe vs. Risk Free -- Risk Perception -- Risk Exposure -- Communication Problems -- Units -- Life Tables -- Cohort Life Table -- Current Life Table -- Life Expectancy -- Uncertainty -- Probability Axioms -- Contrasting Views of Uncertainty as Probability -- Validation -- Gold Standards -- Reproducibility -- The Meaning of Uncertainty -- Uncertainty vs. Variability -- Consequences of Uncertainty -- Models -- Uses of Mathematical Models -- Simulation Models -- Model Validity -- Regulations and Regulatory Models -- Politics of Regulation -- Responding to Technological Change -- Process of Risk Analysis -- Functions, Models, and Uncertainties -- Qualitative Approaches to Risk -- Quantitative Approaches to Risk -- Graphs and Mathematical Models -- Growth Rate, Doubling Time, and Logarithms -- Statistics about Pedestrians -- Probability Distributions -- Tolerance-Distribution Models -- Mechanistic Models -- Uncertainty -- Subjective Judgment -- Linguistic Imprecision -- Statistical Variation -- Sampling -- Inherent Randomness -- Model Uncertainty -- Causality -- Lack of Data and Information -- Problem Formulation -- Making Estimates -- Bladder Cancer from Saccharin -- Penetration of a Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) Facility by a Meteorite -- Regulation.
The Regulatory Process -- Why Have Regulatory Agencies? -- Food Safety: An Example -- Ethical Systems and Values -- The Legislative Component -- The Administrative Component -- The Judicial Component -- Additional Information about Federal Regulation -- Exposure Assessment -- Exposure -- Purpose of the Exposure Assessment -- Using Exposure Assessments in Risk Assessment -- Using Exposure Assessments for Status and Trends -- Using Exposure Assessments in Epidemiologic Studies -- Scope of the Assessment -- Level of Detail of the Assessment -- Determining the Approach for the Exposure Assessment -- Establishing the Exposure Assessment Plan -- Planning an Exposure Assessment as Part of a Risk Assessment -- Limited vs. Repeated Exposures -- Dose-Rate Effects -- Reversibility of Toxicological Processes -- Composition of the Exposed Population -- Establishing the Sampling Strategy -- Data Quality Objectives -- Sampling Plan -- Quality Assurance Samples -- Background Level -- Quality Assurance and Quality Control -- Quality Assurance and Quality Control for Previously Generated Data -- Selection and Validation of Analytical Methods -- Sources of Exposure -- Fate and Transport Models -- Exposure Models -- Physical Transport in Surface Waters -- Groundwater -- Atmosphere -- Intake Calculations -- Inhalation -- Water Ingestion -- Soil Ingestion -- Dermal Absorption -- Dermal Absorption from Water -- Dermal Exposures from Soil -- Some Standard Values for Soil Dermal Exposure -- Example Calculation -- Food Absorption.
Example of Food Absorption -- Multimedia-Multipathway Exposures and Models -- Most Important Design Elements in Multimedia-Multipathway Studies -- National Human Exposure Assessment Survey -- Potential Problems in Multimedia-Multipathway Studies -- Risk Assessment: Dosimetry -- Dose (and some terminology) -- Dosimetric Measurements -- Dosimetric Routes -- Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination -- Pharmacokinetics -- Physiological Pharmacokinetics -- Epidemiology -- Epidemiological Methods -- Distributions in Epidemiology -- Epidemiological Surveys -- Case Reports, Case Series, and Cross-Sectional Studies -- Case-Control Studies -- Cohort Studies -- Deficiencies of Observational Studies -- Controlled Studies -- Hazard and Causation -- Epidemiology in Transition -- The Impact of Information Technology -- The Effect of Specialization -- The Perspective of Risk -- Cancer Epidemiology -- Exposure-Response Relationships in Epidemiology -- Meta-analysis -- The Public Health Paradigm -- Epidemiological Uncertainties -- Sources of Additional Information about Epidemiology -- Toxicology -- Weight of the Evidence in Toxicology -- Exposure-Response Relationships in Toxicology -- The Toxicology of Carcinogens -- Safety Assessment -- Risk Characterization -- Bringing Potency and Exposure Estimates Together -- Exposure-Response Modeling Errors -- Trichloroethylene -- Combining Estimated Error Ranges -- Radon from Drinking Water -- Combining Error Ranges -- Monte Carlo Analysis of Trichloroethylene -- Comparative Risk Analysis.
Comparative Environmental Risk Assessments -- General Comparative Risk Assessments -- Generation of Electric Power -- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Unfinished Business Report -- Reducing Risk -- Report of EPA's Science Advisory Board -- Disinfection of Drinking Water -- Hazard Ranking System -- Problems with Comparative Environmental Risk Assessments -- Change the Philosophical Approach? -- Who Needs to See the "Big Picture"? -- Ecological Risk Analysis -- Laws Requiring Ecological Risk Assessment -- What Is Ecological Risk Assessment? -- Ecological Characteristics -- Ecological Stressors -- Screening and Testing of Chemicals -- The Ecological Risk Analysis Process -- Problem Formulation -- Analysis -- Risk Estimation -- Risk Management: Values and Decisions -- What Do Values and Ethics Have to Do With Risk Management? -- Values -- Values in Toxicology -- Values in Environmental Risk Decision Making -- Some Conceptual Decision Models -- Ideal Model -- The National Academy of Sciences' "Red Book" Model -- Cost-Benefit Analysis and Risk-Risk Balancing -- A Framework Model -- A Channel Model -- An Overlay Model -- Continuous Model -- The National Academy of Sciences "Orange Book" Model -- Other National Academy of Sciences Reports about Risk Management -- The Presidential Risk Assessment and Risk Management Commission Model -- Unreasonable Risk -- Risk Magnitude Models -- Making Regulatory Decisions -- Costs -- Risk Communication -- Introduction to Risk Communication -- Risk Perception -- Fulton's List.
The Seven Cardinal Rules of Risk Communication -- Other Approaches to Risk Communication -- Public Interactions -- Risk Communication Plans -- Some General Tips -- Constraints on Risk Communication -- Communications Media -- Some Common Traps -- Summary of Risk Communications -- Ecological Risk Assessment -- Acidic Deposition -- Arsenic and Cancer -- Electromagnetic Fields -- Environmental Tobacco Smoke -- Indoor Air -- Radon -- Case Study: Ecological Risk Assessment -- Acidic Deposition -- Problem Formulation -- Analysis -- Risk Characterization -- Case Study: Arsenic -- Occurrence and Exposure -- Non-Cancer Health Effects -- Cancer -- Modes of Action (Mechanisms) -- Nutrition -- Exposure-Response Curve -- Drinking Water Standard for Arsenic -- Case Study: Electromagnetic Fields -- Risk Analysis -- Case Study: Environmental Tobacco Smoke -- Exposure -- Hazard Assessment -- Lung Cancer -- Population Risk Estimates -- Lung Cancer -- Case Study: Indoor Air -- Common Symptoms and Responses -- Possible Sources of Agents that May Cause Disease -- Diagnosing Problem Buildings -- Why Are Indoor Air Quality Problems Not Better Understood and Generally Not Addressed? -- What Can We Do? -- Case Study: Radon -- Why Is Radon Important? -- Exposure: Mainly from Soils and Drinking Water -- Epidemiological studies -- Animal and Cellular Studies -- Quantitative Risk Assessment -- Public Reaction Is Widespread Apathy -- Comparison between Risk Estimates for Exposure to Radon and Other Environmental Contaminants.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Rockville, MD : Government Institutes, ©2000