Coastal ocean observing systems /

Coastal Ocean Observing Systems provides state-of-the-art scientific and technological knowledge in coastal ocean observing systems, along with guidance on establishing, restructuring, and improving similar systems. The book is intended to help oceanographers understand, identify, and recognize how...

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Bibliographic Details
Other Authors:	Liu, Yonggang (Editor), Kerkering, Heather (Editor), Weisberg, Robert H. (Editor)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam ; Boston : Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, [2015]
Subjects:	Oceanography > Observations. Marine meteorology > Observations. Marine ecology > Observations. Coastal surveillance. Intergovernmental cooperation. Océanographie > Observations. Météorologie maritime > Observations. Gardes-côtières. Coopération intergouvernementale.

Table of Contents:

Machine generated contents note: chapter 1 Introduction to Coastal Ocean Observing Systems / Robert H. Weisberg
1. Introduction
2. Coastal Ocean Observing Systems Development
3. Science and Technology Advancement
3.1. HF Radar Applications
3.2. Glider Applications
3.3. Data Assimilation Experiments
4. Societal Benefits
5. Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
chapter 2 National Ocean Observing Systems in a Global Context / Zdenka Willis
1. Why Do We Need Ocean Observing?
2. Answering the Call
National and Global Ocean Observing Infrastructures
3. Ocean Observing Technologies
3.1. Argo Global Array
3.2. Moored Buoys
3.3. High-Frequency Radar (HFR)
3.4. Profiling Gliders
3.5. Animal Telemetry
3.6. What Will the Next Sensor Be?
4. Access to the Data
5. Modeling and Analysis
6. Education and Outreach
7. Summary
Acknowledgments
References
chapter 3 The Importance of Federal and Regional Partnerships in Coastal Observing / Eric J. Anderson
1. Introduction
2. Why a Partnership Approach to Coastal Ocean Observing?
3. The IOOS Approach
4. Building Partnerships Through Data Accessibility
5. Private Sector Partnerships
6. Case Studies
7. Conclusion
References
chapter 4 Basic Tenets for Coastal Ocean Ecosystems Monitoring / Yonggang Liu
1. Introduction
2. The Tenets
3. Recent Application Examples
4. Experimental Design
5. Summary and Recommendations
Acknowledgments
References
chapter 5 The Monitoring of Harmful Algal Blooms through Ocean Observing: The Development of the California Harmful Algal Bloom Monitoring and Alert Program / Leslie Rosenfeld
1. Introduction and Background
2. The Cal HABMAP Network
3. Development of an HAB Forecasting Capability
4. Toxin and Species Methods Intercomparison
5. Economic Analysis
6. Summary and Recommendations
Acknowledgments
References
chapter 6 Sustained Ocean Observing along the Coast of Southeastern Australia: NSW-IMOS 2007
2014 / Iain M. Suthers
1. Introduction
2. NSW-IMOS in the National Context
2.1. Science Objectives
2.2. Socio-Economic Drivers
3. The NSW-IMOS Infrastructure
Design of the Array
3.1. EAC Transport Array
3.2. HF Radar
3.3. Gliders
3.4. The Shelf Mooring Array
3.5. In situ Biogeochemical Sampling
3.6. Higher Trophic Levels
4. Assessing the Design of the Shelf Mooring Array
4.1. How Correlated Are the Data?
4.2. Modeling Assessment
4.3. Management
4.4. Data Uptake
5. Shortcomings and Recommendations for the Future
5.1. Gaps in the Array
5.2. Model
Data Integration
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
chapter 7 Projeto Azul: Operational Oceanography in an Active Oil and Gas Area Southeastern Brazil / Mauricio da Rocha Fragoso
1. Introduction
2. Santos Basin Ocean Dynamics
3. Observations and Database
3.1. Gliders
3.2. Floats
3.3. SVP Drifters
3.4. Collected Data
3.5. Data Processing and Dissemination
4. Results
4.1. BC-IWBC System
4.2. Cabo Frio Eddy
4.3. Subsurface Currents
5. Hydrodynamic Modeling and Data Assimilation
5.1. Challenges in Regional Operational Forecast
5.2. Projeto Azul Ocean Modeling and DA System
6. Final Remarks and Future Steps
Acknowledgments
References
chapter 8 Zooplankton Data from High-Frequency Coastal Transects: Enriching the Contributions of Ocean Observing Systems to Ecosystem-Based Management in the Northern California Current / William T. Peterson
1. Introduction
2. High-Frequency Coastal Transects
2.1. The Newport Hydrographic Line
2.2. The Trinidad Head Line
2.3. Sample Collection and Analysis
3. What Can Zooplankton Data Tell Us about the NCC?
3.1. Temporal Variability: Climate Variability and Change
3.2. Temporal Variability: The Annual Production Cycle
3.3. Spatial Variability: Alongshore Coherence and Decoupling
3.4. Spatial Variability: Cross-Shelf Zonation and Hydrographic Structure
4. Zooplankton-Based Ecosystem Indicators
5. Discussion
5.1. HFCTs, Advanced Technologies, and Biological Sampling in OOS
5.2. Challenges in Implementing HFCTs as Elements of OOS
5.3. Opportunities and the Role of HFCTs in OOS
Acknowledgments
References
chapter 9 The IMOS Ocean Radar Facility, ACORN / Lucy R. Wyatt
1. Introduction
2. ACORN
3. Current Measurements, Accuracy, and Applications
3.1. How the Measurements are Made
3.2. Accuracy
3.3. Applications
4. Wave and Wind Measurements, Accuracy, and Applications
4.1. How the Measurements are Made
4.2. Accuracy
4.3. Applications
5. Prospects for Further Development
Acknowledgments
References
chapter 10 How High-Resolution Wave Observations and HF Radar
Derived Surface Currents are Critical to Decision-Making for Maritime Operations / Todd Fake
1. Introduction
2. Wave and Surface Current Measurement Program Overview and Supporting Information
2.1. Wave Program Overview
2.2. HF Radar Program Overview
3. Case Studies
3.1. Case Studies of Examples Where High-Resolution Wave Observations Are Essential
3.2. Case Studies of Examples Where Surface Current Observations Are Essential
4. Summary
References
chapter 11 Observing Frontal Instabilities of the Florida Current Using High Frequency Radar / Jorge Martinez-Pedraja
1. Introduction
2. Background: The Florida Current
2.1. Instability of the Florida Current
2.2. Meandering
2.3. Cyclonic Eddies
2.4. Internal Waves
2.5. HF Radar Observations of FC Instabilities
2.6. Wind Forcing
2.7. Open Scientific Questions
3. Instrumentation and Experimental Design
3.1. HF Radar
Principles of Operation
3.2. Experimental Deployment
4. Cyclonic Shear-Zone Instability
4.1. Observed Surface Current Field
4.2. Flow Field Kinematics
4.3. Velocity Gradient Tensor
4.4. Lagrangian and Eulerian Diagnostics of the Flow Field
4.5. Eulerian Velocity Field during an Eddy Event
5. Anticyclonic Shear-Zone Instability
5.1. Observed Surface Current Field
5.2. Separating the Signal from the Background Flow
5.3. Near-Inertial Oscillation
5.4. Idealized Model
5.5. Near-Inertial Wave Kinematics
5.6. Subinertial Velocity Field
5.7. Wavelength
5.8. Frequency
5.9. Effects of Subinertial Vorticity
5.10. Open Questions
6. Summary
Acknowledgments
References
chapter 12 Fine-Scale Tidal and Subtidal Variability of an Upwelling-Influenced Bay as Measured by the Mexican High Frequency Radar Observing System / Eduardo Gil
1. Introduction
1.1. Methodology
2. Results
3. Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
chapter 13 Effect of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Noise Energy on WERA Performance Using the "Listen Before Talk" Adaptive Noise Procedure on the West Florida Shelf / Robert H. Weisberg
1. Introduction
2. Background
3. System Operational Characteristics and Problem Definition
4. Quantifying the Variations in the Local Noise Field Present
4.1. RFI Pre-Analysis Preparation Methodology
4.2. Initial Data Collection
4.3. Extended Data Collection
5. Summary
Acknowledgments
References
chapter 14 Ocean Remote Sensing Using X-Band Shipborne Nautical Radar
Applications in Eastern Canada / Eric W.
Gill
1. Introduction
2. Wave Algorithms
3. Wind Algorithms
3.1. Curve-Fitting-Based Wind Algorithm
3.2. Rain Effect Mitigation
4. Experimental Results
4.1. Data Overview
4.2. Wave Measurement Results
4.3. Wind Retrieval Results
5. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
chapter 15 Estimating Nearshore Bathymetry from X-Band Radar Data / Francesco Serafino
1. Introduction: The Radar Imaging of Sea Waves
2. Sea Surface Current and Bathymetry Reconstruction from Radar Data
3. Inversion Procedures
4. Estimation Results on Real-World Data
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
chapter
16 Wind, Wave, and Current Retrieval Utilizing X-Band Marine Radars / Bjoern Lund
1. Introduction
2. Wind Measurements
3. Wave and Current Measurements
3.1. Current Estimation
3.2. Wave Spectrum and Parameter Estimation
4. Summary
References
chapter 17 Glider Salinity Correction for Unpumped CTD Sensors across a Sharp Thermocline / Chad Lembke
1. Introduction
2. A Sharp Thermocline
3. Methods
4. Thermal Lag Correction Results
4.1. Successes and Limitations
4.2. Improvements with a Median Filter
4.3. Average of Upcast and Downcast Profiles
5. Summary and Discussions
Acknowledgments
References
chapter 18 New Sensors for Ocean Observing: The Optical Phytoplankton Discriminator / Gary J. Kirkpatrick
1. Introduction
2. History of the OPD
3. Methodology
4. Systems Level Integration
5. Applications
6. Validation and Results
7. Future Development/Plans
References
chapter 19 Observing System Impacts on Estimates of California Current Transport / Michael G. Jacox
1. Introduction
2. Historical Analyses of the California Current System
2.1. ROMS 4D-Var
2.2. Observations and Priors
2.3. Validation of the 4D-Var Analyses
Note continued: 3. Quantifying the Impact of the Observations on Ocean Circulation Analyses
4. Control Vector Impacts on Alongshore Transport
5. Observation Impacts on Alongshore Transport
6. Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
chapter 20 Assimilation of HF Radar Observations in the Chesapeake
Delaware Bay Region Using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) and the Four-Dimensional Variational (4DVAR) Method / Scott Smith
1. Introduction
2. HF Radar Observations
3. The Model
4. The Assimilation System
5. Experiments and Results
6. Validation
7. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
chapter 21 System-Wide Monitoring Program of the National Estuarine Research Reserve System: Research and Monitoring to Address Coastal Management Issues / Dwight True Blood
1. Introduction to the NERRS
2. Introduction to the NERRS System-Wide Monitoring Program
3. Abiotic SWMP Components
4. Biologic SWMP Components
5. Habitat Mapping and Change Analysis
6. Sentinel Sites Program for Evaluating Climate Change Impacts
7. NERRS SWMP Data Management
8. Conditions Across the NERRS
9. Data Applications: Water Quality Assessment, Public Health
10. Data Applications: Storm Surge
11. Data Applications: Education
12. Summary, Conclusions, and Challenges
References
chapter 22 Integrating Environmental Monitoring and Observing Systems in Support of Science to Inform Decision-Making: Case Studies for the Southeast / Debra Hernandez
1. Introduction
2. Role of Monitoring and Observing Systems in the Southeast
3. The Role of Data Management to Support Collaboration and Integration
4. Case Studies
4.1. Marine Safety
4.2. Water Quality
4.3. Ecosystems Management
5. Conclusions
References
chapter 23 One System, Many Societal Benefits: Building an Efficient, Cost-Effective Ocean Observing System for the Gulf of Mexico / Matthew K. Howard
1. Origin of the GCOOS "System of Systems" Construct
2. The Gulf of Mexico: National Treasure and Economic Driver
3. A Comprehensive Blueprint for Monitoring in the Gulf of Mexico
4. Challenges Quantifying the Return on Investment of a Gulf Observing System
5. Myriad Gulf Issues, One Comprehensive System
6. Summary
Acknowledgments
References.